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    Practice 2 SOLUTION

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    Practice 2 SOLUTION

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    Practice 2 SOLUTION

    Uploaded by

    ibrahimaldanoglu7
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    of 7

    Task a)

    Step1 : Determining maximum aggregate size (Dmax).


    Dmax must be consistent with the dimensions of the structural element.
    Dmax can be determined from Table 3.

    Dmax= 32 mm

    Step 2: The Strength Class


    Desired strength class C25/30; but we must select C30/37 strength class with respect to the exposure class
    XF3 (Table 1) in TS EN 206

    Step 3: Target Compressive strength (fcm)


    Determine it from Table 4 considering standard deviation is known or not.

    Since standard deviation is unknown → fcm=fck+Δ = 30 + 6 =36 MPa


    Step 4: W/C ratio
    Determine W/C ratio from Table 5 with respect to target compressive strength (fcu) and type of concrete

    For fcm=36 MPa, W/C is now given in Table 5.


    Therefore, Interpolation should be done to calculate w/c ratio for 36 MPa
    . fcm . . W/C .
    35 → 40 (5 MPa increment) 0.39 → 0.34 (0.05 reduction)
    35 → 36 (1 MPa increment) 0.39 → x reduction .
    x = (0.05/5)*1 = 0.01 → W/C = 0.39 – 0.01 = 0.38

    ⁎ Checking W/C (Table 1) : W/C = 0.38 < max W/C =0.50 √ OK

    Step 5: Water content


    Determine it from Figure 1:

    Then, W = 190 kg
    Assuming that super plasticizer reduces water content by 15% → W= 190*(1-0.15)=161.5 kg

    Step 6: Cement content


    W/C = 0.38 → C = 161.5 / 0.38 = 425 kg/m³

    ⁎ Checking C (Table 1) C = 425 kg/m³ > Cmin = 320 kg/m³ √ OK

    Step 7 : Admixture Content


    S.P. = 425 * 0.015 = 6.38 kg → VSP = 6.38 / 1.15 = 5.53 dm³ > 3 dm³
    So, the water content of S.P. must be taken into account

    ⁎ 70% of S.P. is water then, water coming from S.P. = 6.38 * 0.7 = 4.47 kg
    A.E.A. = 425 * 0.0005 = 0.21 kg → VAEA = 0.21 / 1.01 = 0.21 dm³
    Water content of A.E.A can be ignored.

    Water adjustment : W’ = 161.5 – 4.47 = 157.03 kg

    Step 8 : Amount of Aggregates:


    1 m³ concrete = 1000 dm³ = Vagr + Vc + Vw + VSP + VAEA + Vair
    425 6.38 0.21
    𝑉𝑎𝑔𝑟 = 1000 − [ + 157.03 + + + 50] = 652.29 𝑑𝑚3
    3.15 1.15 1.01
    1
    Equivalent density of mix → 𝛿𝑚𝑖𝑥 = 0.47 0.25 0.28 = 2.73 𝑘𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
    ( + + )
    2.65 2.80 2.80

    Natural Sand = A1 = (Vagr*δmix)*a1=652.29*2.73*0.47=836.95 kg


    Crushed Stone #1 = A2 = (Vagr*δmix)*a2=652.29*2.73*0.25=445.19 kg
    Crushed Stone #2 = A3 = (Vagr*δmix)*a3=652.29*2.73*0.28=498.61 kg
    Step 9: Moisture Adjustment for aggregates & mix water
    (+) : Dry Agg
    (Aw – M)% = (0) : SSD
    (-) : Moist Agg
    Natural Sand : Aw – M= 1.5% - 3.5% = -2.0% Moist
    Crushed Stone #1 : Aw – M= 0.8% - 0.6% = 0.2% Dry
    Crushed Stone #2 : Aw – M= 0.5% - 0.5% = 0.0% SSD
    Water adjustment due to the moisture content of the aggregates

    𝑊𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑊 ′ + ∑ 𝐴𝑖 (𝐴𝑊𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 )
    𝑊𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 157.03 + [836.95(−0.02) + 445.19(0.002)] = 141.18 𝑘𝑔

    Aggregate content adjustment due to moisture content of aggregates


    𝐴𝑖,𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝐴𝑖 − 𝐴𝑖 (𝐴𝑊𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 )
    𝐴1,𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝐴1 − 𝐴1 (𝐴𝑊1 − 𝑀1 ) = 836.95 − 836.95(−0.02) = 853.69 𝑘𝑔
    𝐴2,𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝐴2 − 𝐴2 (𝐴𝑊2 − 𝑀2 ) = 445.19 − 445.19(0.002) = 444.30 𝑘𝑔

    Amount of the constituents for 1 m³ of concrete


    Material Mix Design (kg) Adjusted Mixing Amount (kg)
    Cement (C) 425 425
    Water (W) 157.03 141.18
    Natural Sand (A1) 836.95 853.69
    Crushed Stone #1 (A2) 445.19 444.30
    Crushed Stone #2 (A3) 498.61 498.61
    Super Plasticizer (S.P.) 6.38 6.38
    Air Entraining Admixture (A.E.A) 0.21 0.21
    Βtheo=2369.37 kg/m³ Βtheo=2369.37 kg/m³
    Task b)
    0.3 ∗ 1000
    𝑊2 = 161.5 + = 173.5 𝑘𝑔
    25
    W/C = W2/C2 =0.38 → C2 = 173.5 / 0.38 = 456.58 kg > Cmin = 320 kg √ OK

    S.P.2 = 456.58*0.015=6.85 kg → VSP2 = 6.85 / 1.15 = 5.96 dm³ > 3 dm³


    So, the water content of S.P. must be taken into account

    ⁎ 70% of S.P. is water then, water coming from S.P. = 6.85 * 0.7 = 4.8 kg
    A.E.A.2 = 456.58 * 0.0005 = 0.23 kg → VAEA2 = 0.23 / 1.01 = 0.23 dm³
    Water content of A.E.A can be ignored.
    Water adjustment : W2’ = 173.5 – 4.8 = 168.70 kg

    456.58 6.85 0.23


    𝑉𝑎𝑔𝑟2 = 1000 − [ + 168.70 + + + 60] = 620.17 𝑑𝑚3
    3.15 1.15 1.01

    Natural Sand = (A1)2 = (Vagr2*δmix)*a1=620.17*2.73*0.47 = 795.74 kg


    Crushed Stone #1 = (A2)2 = (Vagr2*δmix)*a2=620.17*2.73*0.25 = 423.27 kg
    Crushed Stone #2 = (A3)2 = (Vagr2*δmix)*a3=620.17*2.73*0.28 = 474.06 kg

    Mixing water adjustment (due to moisture content of the aggregates)

    𝑊2,𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝑊2′ + ∑(𝐴𝑖 )2 (𝐴𝑊𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 )


    𝑊2,𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 168.70 + [795.74(−0.02) + 423.27(0.002)] = 153.64 𝑘𝑔

    Aggregate content adjustment due to moisture content of aggregates


    𝐴1,2 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 795.74 − 795.74(−0.02) = 811.65 𝑘𝑔
    𝐴2,2 𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 423.27 − 423.27(0.002) = 422.42 𝑘𝑔

    Amount of the constituents for 1 m³ of concrete


    Material Mix Design (kg) Adjusted Mixing Amount (kg)
    Cement (C) 456.58 456.58
    Water (W) 168.70 153.64
    Natural Sand (A1) 795.74 811.65
    Crushed Stone #1 (A2) 423.27 422.42
    Crushed Stone #2 (A3) 474.06 474.06
    Super Plasticizer (S.P.) 6.85 6.85
    Air Entraining Admixture (A.E.A) 0.23 0.23
    Βtheo=2325.43 kg/m³ Βtheo=2325.43 kg/m³
    Task c)
    Specimen Max Load P (kN) Comp. Str. fc (MPa)
    1 1015 45.1
    2 925 41.1
    3 990 44.0
    fc,avg 43.4 MPa
    fc,min 41.1 MPa

    Evaluation for the Class : C30/37


    𝑓𝑐,𝑎𝑣𝑔 ≥ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 4.0 (𝑀𝑃𝑎) → 43.4 ≥ 37 + 4.0 = 41 𝑀𝑃𝑎 √ OK
    𝑓𝑐,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 − 4.0 (𝑀𝑃𝑎) → 41.1 ≥ 37 − 4.0 = 33 𝑀𝑃𝑎 √ OK

    Tested concrete specimens conform to the requirements for the strength class of C30/37.
    Task d)

    h’ = 35 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 91 mm
    F = bw * h’ = 210*91 = 19110 mm²
    V = F * L = 19110 * 1000 = 191.1x10⁵ mm³
    S : The sum of areas of the surfaces which are in contact with concrete in volume (V).

    S = Smould + Sreinforcing_bar = Smould + Slongitudional + Sstirrup

    Smould = (91*2 + 210) * 1000 = 392000 mm²


    Slongitudional = (π*16*1000) * 4 = 201061.93 mm²
    Sstirrup = π*8*[(91-35)*2 + (210 – 35.2)] * 5 = 31667.25 mm²

    Then S = 392000 + 201061.93 + 31667.25 = 624729.18 mm²

    Diameter : L = V/S = 191.1x10⁵ / 624729.18 = 30.59 mm

    Evaluation :
    Dmax/L < 0.8 → No wall effect
    0.8 < Dmax/L < 1.0 → Concrete must be carefully placed
    Dmax/L > 1 → Concrete cannot be placed, Dmax must be decreased!

    Dmax/L = 32 / 30.59 = 1.05 > 1 → Concrete cannot be placed, Dmax must be decreased!

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