Case Studies

Software engineering lectures
LECTURE 2 CASE STUDIES
Lecturer : Yasmin Makki Mohialden

Second year
2022-2023
1
CASE STUDIES
• A personal insulin pump

• An embedded system in an insulin pump used by diabetics to
maintain blood glucose control.
• A mental health case patient management system
• Mentcare. A system used to maintain records of people receiving
care for mental health problems.
• A wilderness weather station
• A data collection system that collects data about weather conditions
in remote areas.
• iLearn: a digital learning environment
• A system to support learning in schools
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INSULIN PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM
• Collects data from a blood sugar sensor and calculates the

amount of insulin required to be injected.
• Calculation based on the rate of change of blood sugar
levels.
• Sends signals to a micro-pump to deliver the correct dose
of insulin.
• Safety-critical system as low blood sugars can lead to brain
malfunctioning, coma and death; high-blood sugar levels
have long-term consequences such as eye and kidney
damage.
3
INSULIN PUMP HARDWARE
ARCHITECTURE
4
ACTIVITY MODEL OF THE INSULIN
PUMP
5
ESSENTIAL HIGH-LEVEL
REQUIREMENTS
• The system shall be available to deliver insulin when

required.
• The system shall perform reliably and deliver the correct
amount of insulin to counteract the current level of blood
sugar.
• The system must therefore be designed and implemented
to ensure that the system always meets these
requirements.
6
MENTCARE: A PATIENT INFORMATION
SYSTEM FOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE
• A patient information system to support mental health care

is a medical information system that maintains information
about patients suffering from mental health problems and
the treatments that they have received.
• Most mental health patients do not require dedicated
hospital treatment but need to attend specialist clinics
regularly where they can meet a doctor who has detailed
knowledge of their problems.
• To make it easier for patients to attend, these clinics are
not just run in hospitals. They may also be held in local
medical practices or community centres.
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MENTCARE
• Mentcare is an information system that is intended for use

in clinics.
• It makes use of a centralized database of patient
information but has also been designed to run on a PC, so
that it may be accessed and used from sites that do not
have secure network connectivity.
• When the local systems have secure network access, they
use patient information in the database but they can
download and use local copies of patient records when
they are disconnected.
8
MENTCARE GOALS
• To generate management information that allows health

service managers to assess performance against local and
government targets.
• To provide medical staff with timely information to support
the treatment of patients.
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THE ORGANIZATION OF THE
MENTCARE SYSTEM
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KEY FEATURES OF THE MENTCARE
SYSTEM
• Individual care management

• Clinicians can create records for patients, edit the information in the system, view patient
history, etc. The system supports data summaries so that doctors can quickly learn about the
key problems and treatments that have been prescribed.
• Patient monitoring
• The system monitors the records of patients that are involved in treatment and issues
warnings if possible problems are detected.
• Administrative reporting
• The system generates monthly management reports showing the number of patients treated
at each clinic, the number of patients who have entered and left the care system, number of
patients sectioned, the drugs prescribed and their costs, etc.
11
MENTCARE SYSTEM CONCERNS
• Privacy
• It is essential that patient information is confidential and is never
disclosed to anyone apart from authorised medical staff and the
patient themselves.
• Safety
• Some mental illnesses cause patients to become suicidal or a danger
to other people. Wherever possible, the system should warn
medical staff about potentially suicidal or dangerous patients.
• The system must be available when needed otherwise safety may be
compromised and it may be impossible to prescribe the correct
medication to patients.
12
WILDERNESS WEATHER STATION
• The government of a country with large areas of wilderness

decides to deploy several hundred weather stations in remote
areas.
• Weather stations collect data from a set of instruments that
measure temperature and pressure, sunshine, rainfall, wind
speed and wind direction.
• The weather station includes a number of instruments that measure
weather parameters such as the wind speed and direction, the
ground and air temperatures, the barometric pressure and the
rainfall over a 24-hour period. Each of these instruments is
controlled by a software system that takes parameter readings
periodically and manages the data collected from the instruments.
•
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THE WEATHER STATION’S
ENVIRONMENT
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WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM
• The weather station system

• This is responsible for collecting weather data, carrying out some initial data processing and
transmitting it to the data management system.
• The data management and archiving system
• This system collects the data from all of the wilderness weather stations, carries out data
processing and analysis and archives the data.
• The station maintenance system
• This system can communicate by satellite with all wilderness weather stations to monitor the
health of these systems and provide reports of problems.
15
ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE
FUNCTIONALITY
• Monitor the instruments, power and communication

hardware and report faults to the management system.
• Manage the system power, ensuring that batteries are
charged whenever the environmental conditions permit
but also that generators are shut down in potentially
damaging weather conditions, such as high wind.
• Support dynamic reconfiguration where parts of the
software are replaced with new versions and where backup
instruments are switched into the system in the event of
system failure.
16
ILEARN: A DIGITAL LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT
• A digital learning environment is a framework in which a

set of general-purpose and specially designed tools for
learning may be embedded plus a set of applications that
are geared to the needs of the learners using the system.
• The tools included in each version of the environment are
chosen by teachers and learners to suit their specific needs.
• These can be general applications such as spreadsheets, learning
management applications such as a Virtual Learning
Environment (VLE) to manage homework submission and
assessment, games and simulations.
17
SERVICE-ORIENTED SYSTEMS
• The system is a service-oriented system with all system

components considered to be a replaceable service.
• This allows the system to be updated incrementally as new
services become available.
• It also makes it possible to rapidly configure the system to
create versions of the environment for different groups
such as very young children who cannot read, senior
students, etc.
18
ILEARN SERVICES
• Utility services that provide basic application-independent

functionality and which may be used by other services in
the system.
• Application services that provide specific applications such
as email, conferencing, photo sharing etc. and access to
specific educational content such as scientific films or
historical resources.
• Configuration services that are used to adapt the
environment with a specific set of application services and
do define how services are shared between students,
teachers and their parents.
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ILEARN ARCHITECTURE
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ILEARN SERVICE INTEGRATION
• Integrated services are services which offer an API

(application programming interface) and which can be
accessed by other services through that API. Direct
service-to-service communication is therefore possible.
• Independent services are services which are simply
accessed through a browser interface and which operate
independently of other services. Information can only be
shared with other services through explicit user actions
such as copy and paste; re-authentication may be required
for each independent service.
21

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Software engineering lectures

LECTURE 2 CASE STUDIES

Lecturer : Yasmin Makki Mohialden

• A personal insulin pump

• Collects data from a blood sugar sensor and calculates the

• The system shall be available to deliver insulin when

• A patient information system to support mental health care

• Mentcare is an information system that is intended for use

• To generate management information that allows health

• Individual care management

• The government of a country with large areas of wilderness

• The weather station system

• Monitor the instruments, power and communication

• A digital learning environment is a framework in which a

• The system is a service-oriented system with all system

• Utility services that provide basic application-independent

• Integrated services are services which offer an API

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