NAME OF DRUG MECHANIS INDICATION SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDIC NURSING

DRUG CLASSIFIC M OF EFFECTS EFFECTS ATION RESPONSIBILITIES

ATION ACTION
Ampicillin+su PHARMACO Ampicillin Treatment of Frequent: Antibiotic- Hypersensitivity BASELINE
lbactam THERAPEU inhibits susceptible Diarrhea, associated to ampicillin, any ASSESSMENT
TIC: bacterial cell infections, rash (most colitis, other penicillins, or  Question for
Dosage: Penicillin. wall including common), super sulbactam. Hx of history of
NEONATES: CLINICAL: synthesis by intra- urticaria, infections cholestatic allergies,
Antibiotic. binding to abdominal, pain at IM (abdominal jaundice, hepatic especially.
50 PCN-binding skin/skin injection site, cramps; impairment penicillins,
mg/kg/dose proteins. structure, thrombophle severe, associated with cephalosporins;
q6–12h. Sulbactam gynecologic bitis with IV watery ampicillin/ renal
inhibits infections, administratio diarrhea; sulbactam. impairment.
bacterial due to beta- n, oral or fever) may Cautions:  INTERVENTIO
beta lactamase– vaginal result from History of N/
lactamase, producing candidiasis altered allergies, EVALUATION
protecting organisms, Occasional: bacterial especially Promptly report
ampicillin including H. Nausea, balance in cephalosporins; rash (although
from influenzae, vomiting, GI tract. renal common with
degradation. E. coli, headache, Severe impairment; ampicillin, may
Therapeutic Klebsiella, malaise, hypersensiti infectious indicate
Action: Acinetobacte urinary vity mononucleosis; hypersensi
Bactericidal r, retention. reactions, asthmatic tivity) or
in Enterobacter including patients. diarrhea (fever,
susceptible , S. aureus, anaphylaxis, abdominal pain,
microorganis and acute mucus and
ms. Bacteroides interstitial blood in stool
spp. nephritis, may indicate
blood antibiotic-
dyscrasias associated
may occur. colitis).
High dosage  Evaluate IV site
may produce for phlebitis.
seizures. Check IM
injection site for
pain, induration.
 Monitor I&O,
urinalysis, renal
function tests.
 Be alert for
superinfection:
fever, vomiting,
diar rhea,
 anal/genital
pruritus, oral
mucosal
changes
(ulceration,
pain,
erythema).
PATIENT/FAMILY
TEACHING
• Take antibiotic for
full length of
treatment.
• Space doses
evenly.
• Discom fort may
occur with IM
injection.
• Report rash,
diarrhea, or other new
symptoms.
NAME OF DRUG MECHANIS INDICATIO SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDIC NURSING
DRUG CLASSIFICA M OF N EFFECTS EFFECTS ATION RESPONSIBILITIES
TION ACTION
Amikacin PHARMACO Binds to To treat Frequent: CNS: Hypersensitivity  Expect to obtain
sulfate LOGIC negatively serious Phlebitis, neuromuscul to amikacin, results of culture
CLASS: charged gram- thrombophleb ar blockade. other and sensitivity
Dosage: Aminoglycos sites on negative itis. EENT: aminoglycoside testing before
NEO ide bacteria’s bacterial Occasional: ototoxicity. s, or their therapy begins.
NATES: 15 THERAPEU outer cell infections Rash, fever, GU: components  Obtain patient’s
mg/kg/dose TIC CLASS: membrane, (including urticaria, azotemia, Drugs weight prior to
q12–48h Antibiotic disrupting bone, pruritus. nephrotoxicit interaction: treatment for
(based on cell integrity. burns, CNS, Rare: y, increase general calculation of
weight) Also binds to joint, intra- Neuromuscul in urinary anesthetics: correct dosage.
bacterial abdominal, ar blockade excretion of Increased risk of  Prepare
ribosomal postoperativ (difficulty casts. neuromuscular amikacin I.V.
subunits and e infections, breathing, Respiratory: blockade solution by
inhibits respiratory drowsiness, apnea, loop diuretics: adding contents
protein tract, skin weakness) bronchospas Increased risk of of 500-mg vial
synthesis. and soft- m, ototoxicity to 100 or 200 ml
Both actions tissue; hemoptysis, neuromuscular of sterile diluent.
lead to cell neonatal hypersensitiv blockers: Then infuse
death. sepsis; ity Possibly drug over 30 to
septicemia; pneumonitis increased 60 minutes for
neuromuscular adults and
blockade and children and 1
prolonged to 2 hours for
respiratory neonates.
depression  Give I.M.
penicillins: injection in large
Possibly muscle mass.
inactivation of or  Know that
synergistic patients with
effects with asthma,
amikacin brochospasm,
other chronic
nephrotoxic obstructive
drugs: pulmonary
Increased risk of disease, or
nephrotoxicity known hyper-
reactive airway
disease may
need to be
pretreated with
 a short-acting
selective beta-2
agonist. This is
because the
drug has been
associated with
an increased
risk of
respiratory
adverse
reactions such
as
bronchospasm,
exacerbation of
underlying
pulmonary
disease,
hemoptysis and
hypersensitivity
pneumonitis.
 Watch for signs
of ototoxicity,
 such as tinnitus
and vertigo,
especially
during high-
dosage or
prolonged
amikacin
therapy.
WARNING!
 Assess renal
function before
and daily during
therapy, as
ordered
because
amikacin may
produce
nephrotoxic
effects.
 To minimize
renal tubule
irritation,
 maintain
hydration during
therapy. Be
aware that
amikacin may
exacerbate
muscle
weakness in
such conditions
as myasthenia
gravis and
Parkinson’s
disease.
 Measure serum
amikacin
concentrations
as ordered,
usually 30 to 90
minutes after
injection (for
peak
concentration)
 and just before
administering
next parenteral
dose (for trough
concentration).
PATIENT
TEACHING
 Tell patient’s
guardian that
daily laboratory
tests are
necessary
during
treatment.
Instruct patient’s
guardian to
report
headache,
nausea,
vomiting, and
changes in
 urination.
 Instruct patient’s
guardian
prescribed oral
inhalation
amikacin
therapy how to
administer drug.

NAME OF DRUG MECHANI INDICATIO SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDIC NURSING

DRUG SM OF N EFFECTS EFFECTS ATION RESPONSIBILITIES
CLASSIFIC ACTION
ATION
 Headach - Chest pain - pts with - Ensure patient has
Generic Pharmacolog Stimulates Temporary e (Angina) hypersensitivity to baseline vital signs for
Name: ic Class: specific relief of  Nausea (manifested drug any s/s of adverse
Racemic Alpha- Beta- receptors in symptoms  Sweating as crying, - cardiac effects.
Epinephrine Adrenergic cell associated  Restlessn irritability, arrythmias
Agonist membranes, with ess difficulty - diabetes - Monitor patient for any
Brand Name: including bronchial breathing, - overactive s/s of adverse effects.
Asthmanefrin Therapeutic alpha-1, asthma decreased thyroid Ensure that vital signs
, S2 Inhalant Class: alpha-2, (e.g., SOB, feeding, - seizures are within normal
Bronchodilat beta-1, and chest grunting while - glaucoma ranges. Any s/s of
 breathing, - epiglottitis
Dosage: 1 ors beta-2 tightening, etc.) adverse effects (e.g.,
Nebule (0.5 receptors. wheezing) - Tachycardia cardiac arrythmias, chest
mL) Activates - Arrythmia pain, tachycardia) should
adenylyl - Ventricular be reported to the
cyclase and Fibrillation physician for further
increase - Pulmonary interventions.
intracellular Edema
cyclic AMP - Educate mother on the
production, importance of identifying
which the signs to be reported.
causes
smooth - Ensure that there are
muscle no drug-to drug
relaxation interactions that may
on various impede patient
tissues, therapeutic regimen.
including
bronchial - Educate the mother on
smooth proper use of nebulizer.
muscles. Ensure that the ordered
dose is administered
properly and is following
the proper interval for the
medication is followed.
NAME OF DRUG MECHANI INDICATIO SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDIC NURSING
DRUG SM OF N EFFECTS EFFECTS ATION RESPONSIBILITIES
CLASSIFICA ACTION
TION

Generic Therapeutic Used for Used for - Stinging - Allergic - Pts with - Educate the mother
Name: Classification: wetting the relieving sensation (if Reaction hypersensitivity on proper
Sodium Nasal nasal nasal inside of the (rare) to drug. administration and
Chloride Decongestants passages, congestion patient’s usage of nasal drops to
which and nose is - Pts with severe the patient in order to
moisturizes dryness. really dry congestion prevent discomfort and
the nose and to ensure proper
Brand and helps irritated.) - Pts with recent removal of the mucus
Name: dissolve and nasal surgery from the baby’s nostrils.
Salinase loosen thick - Nose (e.g.,
mucus most irritation septoplasty, - Encourage the mother
Dosage: often sinus surgery.) to follow the proper
30mL/60mL associated - Sneezing dosage ordered by the
per bottle, with the doctor.
2-3 drops common
cold. - Educate the mother
on the importance of
keeping the drops
clean to prevent
infection. Also explain
the importance of using
the drops exclusively
only for the patient to
prevent cross
contamination, which
 may cause further
complications to the
patient’s condition.

NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICA NURSING

DRUG CLASSIFICATI OF ACTION EFFECTS EFFECTS TION RESPONSIBILITIES
ON
GENERIC PHARMACOTH Vitamin K is a Oral When taken  Transi Indication:  Monitor for any
NAME: ERAPEUTIC: cofactor of phylloquinone by mouth: ent • Vitamin K bleedings (usually
Phylloquinon Vitamin k gamma- is indicated to The two flushin deficiency occurs on second
e carboxylase. treat forms of g prophylaxis or third day).
(Commonly CLINICAL: Gamma prothrombin vitamin K sensati • Hemorrhagic Bleeding may be
known or Hemostatic: carboxylase deficiency (vitamin K1 ons disease of seen as
available as Vitamins, Fat- attaches caused by and vitamin and newborn generalized
Vitamin K1) soluble carboxylic coumarin or K2) are likely peculia • Malabsorption ecchymoses or
acid indanedione safe when r syndrome bleeding from
BRAND functional derivatives; taken sensati • Cystic fibrosis umbilical cord,
NAME: groups to and appropriately. ons of • Biliary atresia circumcision site.
Pediatric, glutamate, hypoprothrom Vitamin K1 taste • Hepatic failure nose or
Mephyto,, allowing binemia 10 mg daily have • Antidote to gastrointestinal
Phytonadion precursors of secondary to and vitamin been warfarin tract.
e factors II, VII, antibacterial K2 45 mg observ
IX, and X to therapy, daily have ed Contraindications:
Dosage: bind calcium salicylates, or been safely followi Hypersensitivity  Monitor for side
0.1ml ions. obstructive used for up to ng to vitamin K. effects: e.g. pain
jaundice or 2 years. It's phyton and erythema at
Binding of biliary fistulas usually well- adione the injection site.
calcium ions with tolerated, but injectio skin rash or
converts concomitant some people n as urticaria.
these clotting bile salt may have well as hypersensitivity
factors to administration an upset rare reactions.
their active stomach or di instanc Hyperbilirubinemi
form, which arrhea. es of a.
are then  Dizzin
secreted from ess
hepatocytes When applied  Rapid
into the to the skin: weak  Document the
blood, Vitamin K1 is pulse, giving of the
restoring possibly safe  profus medication to
normal for most e newborn to
clotting people when sweati prevent an
function. applied as a ng, accidental
cream that brief doubling of the
Vitamin K contains  hypote dose.
may also 0.1% vitamin nsion
carboxylate K1  dyspn • Apply pressure to
matrix ea the injection site to
proteins in  cyanos prevent further bleeding.
chondrocytes is Provide comfort during
, inhibiting  Bronch and after administration
calcification ospas
of joints, and m,
may increase shock,
type II cardia
collagen. The c
role of and/or
vitamin K in respira
osteoarthritis, tory
bone density, arrest
and vascular may
calcification is also
currently occur.
under
investigation
 Pain,
swellin
g, and
tender
ness
at the
injectio
n site
may
occur.
Large
doses
of
vitamin
K or its
analog
ues
may
further
depres
s liver
functio
n in
patient
s with
severe
hepati
c
diseas
 e and
thereb
y
further
decrea
se the
conce
ntratio
n of
prothro
mbin.

Neonates: In
infants
(particularly
premature
babies),
excessive
doses of
vitamin K
analogs
during the
first few days
of life may
cause
hyperbilirubin
emia; this in
turn may
result in
severe
hemolytic
anemia,
 hemoglobinur
ia,
kernicterus,
leading to
brain damage
or even death

NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICA NURSING

DRUG CLASSIFICATI OF ACTION EFFECTS EFFECTS TION RESPONSIBILITIES
ON
BRAND PHARMACOTH Mupirocin Topical: Eye Irritation The following The only specific BEFORE: Assess client
NAME: ERAPEUTIC: apparently Treatment of Avoid contact local adverse contraindication fo any allergies in
Centany/ pseudomonic exerts its Impetigo, with the eyes. reactions for mupirocin is Mupirocin. Use
Bactroban acid- A antimicrobial Secondarily In case of were reported known Mupirocin Ointment with
activity by infected accidental by at least hypersensitivity caution on skin with
CLINICAL: reversibly traumatic skin contact, rinse 1% of reactions to the open wounds.
GENERIC antibacterial inhibiting lesions (up to well with subjects in medication or its
NAME: ointment isoleucyl- 10 cm or water. connection components DURING: Assess for any
Mupirocin transfer RNA, 100cm* area with the use allergic reactions.
ointment thereby caused by Severe of
inhibiting Staphylococc Allergic BACTROBA AFTER: Monitor healing
bacterial us aureus Reactions N ointment in of the affected area.
protein and and Systemic clinical trials: Instruct patient on the
RNA Streptococcu allergic burning, correct application of the
synthesis. s pyogenes. reactions, stinging, or medication. Advise
Dosage: including pain in 1.5% patient to consult health
Mupirocin anaphylaxis, of subjects; care professional if
For topical has excellent urticaria, itching in 1% symptoms have not
dosage form in vitro angioedema, of subjects. improved in 3-5 days.
(ointment): activity and Rash,
 against generalized nausea,
o For staphylococci rash, have erythema, dry
treatment and most been skin,
of streptococci reported in tenderness,
impetigo: but less patients swelling,
 Children activity treated with contact
younger against other formulations dermatitis,
than 2 gram-positive of and
months of and gram- BACTROBAN increased
age—Use negative , including exudate were
and dose bacteria. BACTROBAN reported in
must be ointment. less than 1%
determined of subjects
by your o hives
doctor. o swelling
of your
face,
lips,
mouth,
or
tongue
o a rash
over
your
whole
body
o trouble
breathi
ng or
wheezi
ng
o dizzine
 ss, fast
heartbe
at or
poundin
g in
your
chest

Clostridium
difficile-
Associated
Diarrhea

Risk Of
Polyethylene
Glycol
Absorption

NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICA NURSING

DRUG CLASSIFICATI OF ACTION EFFECTS EFFECTS TION RESPONSIBILITIES
ON
MULTIVITA PHARMACOTH Antagonizes Food Nausea, Constipation, Hypersensitivity The nurse must assess
MINS ERAPEUTIC: alpha,- supplement vomiting, dark stool, to any component the patient for signs and
DROPS Vitamins and adrenergic, that may help diarrhoea. amdominal of the formulation. symptoms of vitamin
minerals. DOPa-mine, maintain good pain, upset deficiency before
BRAND histamine, eyesight, SIDE stomach. VIT B (NUTRILIN beginning vitamin
NAME: muscarinic, healthy skin, EFFECTS OF DROPS) therapy because vitamin
Nutrilin serotonin and good VIT B CONTRAINDICA therapy could result in a
receptors. appetite, (NUTRILIN TIONS toxic effect if the patient
Dosage: Produces achieve DROPS) IN Hypersensitivity does not have a vitamin
0-6 mth 0.5 anticholinergiproper mental DETAILS to any of the deficiency
mL. All c, his-taminic,
development Long-term components of Vit
doses to be GNS during a use of large B (Nutrilin Drops). the patient must be
taken once depressant child's doses of vit assessed for debilitating
daily. effects. formative B6 may lead VIT E (NUTRILIN diseases and GI
years, to severe DROPS) disorders that may
Therapeutic support peripheral CONTRAINDICA disrupt the absorption,
Effect: strong bones neuropathies. TIONS metabolism, and
Diminishes and teeth, Hypersensitivity excretion of vitamins
psychotic strengthen to vitamin E or to used to treat vitamin
symptoms immunity, and SIDE any of the deficiency.
through sustain EFFECTS OF components of Vit
combined energy during VIT E E (Nutrilin Drops).
antagonism daily physical (NUTRILIN • For some patients,
of dopamine activities; DROPS) vitamin deficiency is
and serotonin assist in the Vitamin E is caused by inadequate
receptors. body’s usually well nutrient intake.
essential tolerated. Therefore, it is critical
biochemical Large doses that the patient's diet be
reactions of vitamin E assessed to determine if
may cause it is the cause of the
diarrhea, deficiency. If so, then the
abdominal nurse should educate
pain, other the patient on the
gastrointestin importance of
al maintaining a balanced
disturbances, diet.
and have
also been
reported to
cause fatigue
 and
weakness.

NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION SIDE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICA NURSING

DRUG CLASSIFICATI OF ACTION EFFECTS EFFECTS TION RESPONSIBILITIES
ON
Cetirizine PHARMACOTH Competes Relief of Occasional Children may Contraindication BASELINE
ERAPEUTIC: with histamine symptoms (10%–2%): experience s: ASSESSMENT
Dosage: Histamine H1 for H1- (sneezing, Pharyngitis, paradoxical Hypersensitivity  Assess lung sounds.
CHILDREN antagonist receptor sites rhinorrhea, dry re action to cetirizine,  Assess severity of
6–11 (second on effector postnasal mucous (restlessness, hydroxyzine. rhinitis, urticaria, other
MOS: 2.5 generation). cells in GI discharge, membranes, insomnia, Cautions: symptoms.
mg once CLINICAL: tract, blood nasal nausea, euphoria, Elderly, INTERVENTION/
daily. Antihistamine. vessels, pruritus, vomiting, nervousness, hepatic/renal EVALUATION
respiratory ocular abdominal tremor). impairment.  For upper respiratory
tract. pruritus, pain, Dizziness, allergies, increase
Therapeutic tearing) of headache, seda tion, fluids to maintain thin
Effect: upper dizziness, confusion secretions and offset
Prevents respiratory fatigue, more likely to thirst. Monitor
allergic allergies thickening of occur in symptoms for thera
response, mucus, elderly. peutic response.
produces mild drowsiness, PATIENT/FAMILY
bronchodilatio photosensitivit TEACHING
n, blocks y, urinary  Avoid tasks that
histamine- retention. require alertness,
induced motor skills until
bronchitis. response to drug is
established.
Generic name : Ampicillin+ sulbactam

Brand name: Unasyn

Usual Dose 25 50mg/kg/d oseq6 12h

Actual dose: 180mg q12h

Route: IVTT

Drug classification: Pharmacologic Classification :Penicillin. Therapeutic Classification : Antibiotic.

Mechanism of action: Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PCN binding proteins. Sulbactam inhibits bacterial
beta lactamase, protecting ampicillin from degradation. Therapeutic Action: Bactericidal in susceptible microorganisms.

Indication : Treatment of susceptible infections, including intra-abdominal, skin/skin structure, gynecologi c infections, dueto beta
lactamase–producing organisms, including H. influenzae, E.coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobac ter, Enterobact er,S. aureus, and Bacteroide sspp

Generic name : Amikacin sulfate

Brand name: Amikin

Usual dose: 15 mg/kg/dos eq12–48h (based on weight)

Actual dose: 54mg q24h

Route: IVTT

Drug classification: PHARMACOLOGIC CLASS: Aminoglycoside THERA PEUTIC CLASS: Antibiotic

Mechanism of action: Binds to negatively charged sites on bacteria’ s outer cell membrane, disrupting cell integrity. Also binds to
bacterial ribosomal subunits and inhibits protein synthesis. Both actions lead to cell death

Indication : To treat serious gram negative bacterial infections including: ● respiratory tract infection ● neonatal sepsis ● septicemia;

Generic name : Cetirizine

Brand name: Zyrtec

Usual dose: CHILDREN 6–11 MOS: 2.5 mg once daily.

Actual dose: 2.5ml

Route: oral

Drug classification: PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC: Histamine H1 antagonist (second generation)

Mechanism of action: Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in GI tract, blood vessels, respiratory tract.
Therapeutic Effect: Prevents allergic response, produces mild bronchodilation, blocks histamine induced bronchitis
Indication : Relief of symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, postnasal discharge, nasal pruritus, ocular pruritus, tearing)of upper respiratory
allergies