Diamond Report

Antenorio, Prince Edel Darl G.
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DIAMOND
Executive Summary
Diamonds have captivated humanity for centuries with their exceptional brilliance, enduring
rarity, and symbolic value. This report delves into the world of diamonds, exploring their
physical properties, value determinants, formation process, mining practices, ethical
considerations, and diverse applications.
1. Introduction
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth, composed almost entirely of carbon
crystallized under extreme pressure and temperature conditions millions of years ago deep within
the mantle. Their remarkable brilliance and fire have made them coveted gemstones throughout
history, representing luxury, love, and commitment in many cultures.
2. Properties of Diamonds
Diamonds possess a unique combination of physical properties that contribute to their brilliance
and value. Their exceptional hardness (10 on the Mohs scale) makes them highly resistant to
scratches and ideal for everyday wear in jewelry. Additionally, their high refractive index allows
for the exceptional light dispersion that creates the characteristic “fire” observed within a well-
cut diamond.
3. The 4Cs of Diamond Valuation
The value of a diamond is primarily determined by four key factors, often referred to as the
“4Cs”:
• Cut: The cut refers to the diamond’s proportions, angles, and facet arrangement. A well-cut
diamond optimizes light performance, resulting in superior brilliance, sparkle, and fire.
• Color: Diamonds are graded on a color scale ranging from D (colorless, most valuable) to Z
(light yellow tint). Generally, the closer a diamond is to colorless, the higher its value.
• Clarity: The presence of internal and external flaws (inclusions and blemishes) affects clarity.
Diamonds with fewer and less noticeable inclusions are considered more valuable.
• Carat Weight: This refers to the weight of the diamond, directly impacting its size and price.
However, carat weight alone is not the sole determinant of value; a well-cut diamond of lower
carat weight might be more valuable than a poorly cut larger stone.
4. Diamond Grading Reports

Reputable gemological institutes, such as the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) and the
International Gemological Institute (IGI), issue diamond grading reports. These reports provide
an objective assessment of the 4Cs, including detailed information on the diamond’s cut, clarity
plot, color grade, and carat weight. Grading reports offer valuable assurance to buyers, allowing
for informed comparisons between diamonds.
5. Diamond Formation
Diamond formation is a rare and extraordinary geological process. Extreme heat and pressure,
estimated to be millions of times greater than atmospheric pressure, act on carbon-bearing rocks
deep within the Earth’s mantle for millions of years. When these conditions are met, the carbon
atoms re-arrange into the tightly packed crystal structure that defines a diamond. Geological
events then transport these diamonds closer to the Earth’s surface, where they can be mined.
6. Diamond Mining and Production

Major diamond production regions are concentrated in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
Diamond mining methods vary depending on the geology of the deposit. Kimberlite pipes, the
most common source of diamonds, are typically mined using open-pit or underground methods.
Alternatively, alluvial deposits, formed by the erosion and transport of diamonds from their
original location, are often mined using less intensive techniques.
7. Ethical Considerations
The issue of “conflict diamonds” has raised awareness of the importance of ethically sourced
diamonds. Conflict diamonds are mined in areas controlled by rebel groups and used to finance
wars. Several international initiatives aim to ensure the ethical origin of diamonds through
certification schemes that track their journey from mine to market.
8. Uses of Diamonds
While diamonds are primarily prized for their beauty in jewelry, their exceptional hardness also
makes them valuable for industrial applications. Diamond-tipped drill bits, cutting tools, and
abrasives are used in various industries due to the diamond’s ability to cut and polish other
materials with exceptional efficiency.
9. Conclusion
Diamonds remain a captivating natural wonder, combining exceptional physical properties with
enduring beauty and cultural significance. Understanding the 4Cs of diamond valuation, the
significance of grading reports, and the ethical considerations surrounding their origin empowers
consumers to make informed purchasing decisions. Diamonds will likely continue to hold their
place as a symbol of luxury, commitment, and enduring brilliance.

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Antenorio, Prince Edel Darl G.

4. Diamond Grading Reports

6. Diamond Mining and Production

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