795272888.

docx
1. Approximately what percentage of the world’s gross domestic product is spent on
projects?

a) 10%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75%

2. A _______________ is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product,

service, or result.

a) program
b) process
c) project
d) portfolio

3. Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management?

a) scope
b) time
c) communications
d) cost

4. Name PMBOK’s process groups?

a) Communication, Risk, Integration, Scope Management

b) Pre-project, Initiation, Subsequent Delivery, Final Delivery
c) Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Control, Closing
d) Project Charter, Project Plan, Progress Documentation, Contract sign off.

5. Name two different ways to define project success.

-Meet the schedule, cost and scope
- Satisfy stakeholders
- Customer happy with the products
6. What is the main difference between a leader and a manager?
- Leader focus on long-term goals and big-picture objectives while inspiring people to
reach those goals.
- Manager deals with the day-to- day details of meeting specific goals.
1. Do a google search on “What is a Business Case” and then succinctly describe what a business
case is and explain why it is a key document for projects and project management in your
industry/area of study. Keep your answer to less than 50 words.
795272888.docx
1. Creating a _________________ could be used to group the building of several houses in a
development and benefit from, increased purchasing power, improved use of human
resources, enable sharing of expensive equipment and build loyalty among contractors.

e) program
f) process
g) mega project
h) portfolio
2. What do the letters SWOT stand for?
Answer: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

3. Why is any NPV for a project that is greater than zero good?
Answer: It means the project is projected to make money for the organization.

4. What is the main benefit of using a weighted scoring model?

It allows you to use multiple criteria in making selection decisions, such as financials,
organizational issues, risk, etc.

5. What are three of the main benefits of managing projects as part of a program?
Answer: Saving money, saving time, and increasing authority

6. How is a project portfolio management different from managing a group or

projects or a group of programs?
Answer: Project portfolio management focuses on maximizing business value. It is
broader in scope than program management, which is broader in scope than project
management.

1) For the following cash flows calculate the NPV and ROI (discount rate r=10%).

Time Today Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Outflow $3000 $1000 $500 $500 $400

Inflow 0 $2000 $3000 $2000 $1000

NPV: 1,612

ROI 30%
 2) What is the payback period if you invest $200 and your annual benefit is $50?
4 years
3) To select one of the following projects, provide a weighted scoring model.

Criteria weight Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4

Score Weighted Score Weighted Score Weighted Score Weighted

score score score score

Difficulty 40% 85 34 70 28 65 26 50 20

Risk 35% 80 28 70 24.5 60 21 50 17.5

Success 15% 40 6 60 9 70 10.5 80 12

Financial 10% 30 3 40 4 50 5 80 8

Total 100% 67 65.5 62.5 57.5

weighted
score

Project 1 should be selected

795272888.docx
1. What is the main purpose of developing a stakeholder analysis? What information in it might be
sensitive and kept confidential?

The purpose of developing a stakeholder analysis is to know that which stakeholders are
interested in the project or have power to make the decision in the project.
After analysis the stakeholder, we should categorize them in some groups:
- Unaware
 - Resistant
- Neutral
- Supportive
- Lead
A lot of the information could be sensitive, like how people are perceived by others.
The information that are sensitive and should be kept confidential are private information:
gender, age, status.

2. Why should projects have a project charter? What is the main information included in a project
charter?

A project charter formally recognizes the existence of a project. It is signed by key

project stakeholders to show their support and concerns related to the project. Key
contents include the following:

 The project’s title and date of authorization

 The project manager’s name and contact information
 A summary schedule or timeline, including the planned start and finish
dates; if a summary milestone schedule is available, it should also be
included or referenced
 A summary of the project’s estimated cost and budget allocation
 A brief description of the project objectives, including the business need or
other justification for authorizing the project
 Project success criteria or approval requirements, including project
approval requirements and who signs off on the project
 A summary of the planned approach for managing the project, which
should describe stakeholder needs and expectations, overall project risk,
important assumptions and constraints, and should refer to related
documents, such as a communications management plan, as available
 A roles and responsibilities matrix
 A sign-off section for signatures of key project stakeholders
 A comments section in which stakeholders can provide important
comments related to the project

3. Discuss the process for holding a project kick-off meeting. Who should attend? What key topics
should be on the agenda?

A kick-off meeting should be held soon after a project is initiated. Key stakeholders
should attend, including the project champion, sponsor, users/customers of the
products or services produced during the project, and project team members. Topics
on the agenda should include the following:
  Meeting objective
 Agenda (lists in order the topics to be discussed)
 A section for documenting action items, who they are assigned to, and
when each person will complete the action
 A section to document the date and time of the next meeting

4. What pre-initiating tasks were performed for the Just-In-Time Training project? Does it make
sense to do these tasks? What are the main initiating tasks?
The pre-initiating tasks performed by senior management include the following:

 Determine scope, time, and cost constraints

 Identify project sponsor
 Select project manager
 Develop a business case for the project
 Review processes/expectations
 Determine if the project should be divided into two or more smaller
projects
It does make sense to do these tasks to help get projects off to a good start.

The initiating tasks include the project manager leading efforts to do the following:

 Identify and understand project stakeholders

 Create the project charter and assumption log
 Hold a kick-off meeting

5. Describe the purpose of a business case and its main contents.

The purpose of a business case is to provide strong justification for investing in a
project. Its main contents include the following:

 Introduction/Background
 Business Objective
 Current Situation and Problem/Opportunity Statement
 Critical Assumptions and Constraints
 Analysis of Options and Recommendations
 Preliminary Project Requirements
 Budget Estimate and Financial Analysis
 Schedule Estimate
 Potential Risks
 Exhibits

6. Provide a Stakeholder Register for the project that you are working on (assignment 1;
business case).
- Project sponsor: NT government
 - NT Residents
- Project team: Software Engineer, Business Analysis, Marketing staff, UX/UV staff
- Suppliers
- Local recycle companies

795272888.docxAnswers
1. According to PMI, the entire project is considered to be level--------- in WBS.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

2) Why does having good plans help project teams during project execution? Why is it difficult to
develop good plans?

The main purpose of project planning is to guide execution. If people have good plans to follow,
execution should run smoothly. If they have poor plans or no plans, things will not be coordinated. It
is difficult to develop good plans because you need to have the right people involved in developing
the plans, and some people do not like to take the time to develop good plans.

3. What is the main planning process performed as part of project integration management? What
is the main document created, and what are some of its contents?

The main planning process is developing a project management plan, and the main output is a
project management plan. Contents include:

 Introduction/overview of the project

 Project organization
 Management and technical processes (including project lifecycle description and
development approach, as applicable)
 Work to be performed (scope)
 Schedule information
 Budget information
 References to other project planning documents

4. What are the main planning processes performed as part of project scope management?
Planning for project scope management includes planning scope management, collecting
requirements, defining scope, and creating a WBS.

5. What are some approaches for creating a WBS? Why is it important to develop a good WBS?
A WBS can be shown in graphical and tabular form. They can be created by using guidelines, an
analogy approach, top-down approach, bottom-up approach, or with mind mapping. It is important
to develop a good WBS because it defines the total scope of the project and provides the basis for
planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.

6. Using mind- mapping provide a WBS for the project that you have proposed for your assignment

The answer will vary.

795272888.docxAnswers
1) Provide an activity list for one the work packages of the project that you have developed for
assignment 1.
Vary
2) Provide a Milestone List for the project that you have developed for assignment 1 and check
the SMART criteria for that.
Vary
3) What is the critical path for this project? Why?

A>B>E>H>K= 2+2+2+2+2 =10

A>C>F>H>K = 2+3+3+2+2 =12
A>C>F>I>J>K = 2+3+3+5+1+2 =16 Because it is the longest path

A>D>G>J>K = 2+4+6+1+2= 15

4) Estimate the duration of activity A by applying PERT formula. Without using PERT,
the duration estimate for activity A would be 5 workdays. Suppose an optimistic time
 estimate for this activity is 2 workdays, and a pessimistic time estimate is 12
workdays.

= (2 +4*5+12)/6=5.6 days

795272888.docxAnswers
Tutorial questions

1. A Staffing Management Plan describes when and how people will be added to and
taken off of a project.
2. A Risk Register is a document that contains results of various risk management
processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format?
3. Who determines project quality and why?
The customer or sponsor of the project. He or she is the ultimate person who will
use the projects or services produced, so they must meet his or her expectations.
4. What is a RACI chart?
It’s a type of responsibility assignment matrix that shows Responsibility,
Accountability, Consultation, and Informed roles for project stakeholders

5. What is the main purpose of a resource histogram?

It shows the number of resources required for or assigned to a project over time

6. What document should project teams create to help ensure good communications?
A communications management plan

7. Provide an example of a positive risk that could occur on a typical class project.
Positive risks might include developing friendships with team members, getting a
better grade as a team than could have been earned individually, spending less time
on a project or assignment than expected, etc.
8. You are assigned as a Project Manager to hold a conference about global warming
next month in Darwin with a budget of $3000:
a) Identify 2 risks and the corresponding responses.
- The virut is spreading and the conference cannot happen => transfer the
conference to the online one. The conference has only speakers.
=> Risk avoidance
- The venue doesn’t have enough space for 400 people => rent the venue
with 500 seats at the beginning
=> Risk mitigation: reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the
probability of its occurrence
b) Identify the risk response types.
9. Identify 3 quality metrics for your group project and provide a Project Dashboard.
- Cost: the project makes sure the cost is under the cost budget
- Schedule: The schedule needs to follow 80% of the timeline which have been
prepared
- Scope: The project just apply for Darwin as the project charter mention about.
Tutorial questions, week 8
Short Answer Questions

1. What are the advantages of resource leveling?

Advantages of resource leveling include the following: when resources are used on a more
constant basis, they require less management; it may enable project managers to use a just-
in-time inventory type of policy for using subcontractors or other expensive resources; it
results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments; and resource
leveling often improves morale by providing job stability.

2. Why is communications management so important during project execution? What

is the difference between formal and informal communications? Why are nonverbal
communications so important?

The greatest threat to many projects is a failure to communicate. Poor communications can
cause many problems.

Formal communications include scheduled meetings, status reports, and other formal
project documentation. Informal communications are often side conversations or
impromptu meetings or phone calls. Nonverbal communications are important because a
lot of communications is provided by body language or voice, not just the words used.

3. Why do communications become more complicated when team size increases?

Communications become more complicated when team size increases because the number
of communications channels increases quickly

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What type of diagram, also called a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram, helps find the root
cause of a quality problem?

a) cause-and-effect diagram

b) quality control chart

c) benchmarking chart
d) Pareto diagram
2. Fortune magazine summarised research showing that the main reason CEOs failed was
due to _____________.

a) poor planning
b) poor execution
c) global competition
d) low stock prices

3. Which of the following is not an example of a soft skill?

a) leadership
b) motivation
c) team building
d) financial analysis

4. Most project sponsors would say that the most important output of any project is
__________.

a) a satisfied customer/sponsor
b) good financial results
c) its deliverables
d) good plans

5. __________ includes all of the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality
standards for a project.

a) Quality assurance
b) Quality control
c) Customer satisfaction
d) ISO certification

6. Some project managers like to assess team performance by using a technique known as
MBWA, which stands for ___________.

a) management by wondering aloud

b) management by wandering around
c) measuring by work areas
d) measuring by watching alertly
7. If a project team goes from three people to six, how many more communications
channels are there?

a) 3
b) 6
c) 9
d) 12

Number of communications channels = n(n-1)/2. n is the number of people involved

Tutorial Answers for Week 9

1. Given the following information for a one-year project, answer the following questions. Assume
you have actual and earned value data at the end of the second month. Recall that PV is the
planned value, EV is the earned value, AC is the actual cost, and BAC is the budget at completion.

PV = $23,000

EV = $20,000

AC = $25,000

BAC = $120,000

a. What is the cost variance, schedule variance, cost performance index (CPI), and schedule
performance index (SPI) for the project?

 Cost variance = EV-AC=$20,000 - $25,000 = -$5,000

 Schedule variance = EV-PV=$20,000-$23,000=-$3,000
 CPI=EV/AC=$20,000/$25,000 =80% or .8
 SPI=EV/PV=$20,000/$23,000=87% or .87

b. How is the project progressing? Is it ahead of schedule or behind schedule? Is it under budget or
over budget?

The project is over budget and behind schedule.

c. Use the CPI to calculate the estimate at completion (EAC) for this project. Is the project
performing better or worse than planned?

EAC=BAC/CPI=$120,000/.8=$150,000
The project is performing worse than planned since the new estimate to complete it is $30,000 more
than planned.

d. Use the SPI to estimate how long it will take to finish this project.

The estimated time to finish the project =12months/.87=13.8 months. The project is projected to
take 1.8 months longer than planned.
e. Sketch the earned value chart for this project, using Figure 8-5 as a guide. Assume the data for
month 1 is half of the values given for PV, EV, and AC at the end of month 2.

2. Assume you are working on a project to improve customer service. Create a Pareto chart based on
the information in the following table. Use the Pareto chart template or sketch the chart by
hand so that your resulting chart looks similar to Figure 8-13.

Customer Complaints Frequency/Week

Customer is on hold too long 90
Customer gets transferred to wrong area or cut off 20
Service rep cannot answer customer’s questions 120
Service rep does not follow through as promised 40

140 100%
90%
120
80%
100 70%
80 60%
50%
60 40%
40 30%
20%
20
10%
0 0%
Service rep cannot Customer is on hold Service rep does Customer gets
answer customer’s too long not follow through transferred to wrong
questions as promised area or cut off
Week 10
1. What is the most common reason for closing or terminating a project?
a) Addition
b) Integration
c) Extinction
d) Starvation

2. This approach to a project occurs when a project is ended by decreasing its budget or
suddenly ending funding?
a) Addition
b) Integration
c) Extinction
d) Starvation

3. A…………………..is another name for a project close-out meeting?

A. Celebration
B. Post project
C. Final review
D. Post mortem

4. ……………………..is the process of communicating knowledge that was developed by one

person or in one part of an organization to another person or other parts of an organization.
A. Cross training
B. Lessons learned transfer
C. Knowledge transfer
D. Transitional planning

5. What document is prepared during project closure to help plan how products or
services produced as part of a project will be handled in the future?
Answer: A transition plan

6. What is involved in closing projects? Why should all projects be formally closed?
Closing projects involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products
and services and bringing the project to an orderly end. It is important to formally close all
projects to keep good records and reflect on what can be learned to improve future
projects.
 7. What are the main closing outputs created as part of integration management? Why
is it important to create final project report, presentation, and lessons-learned
report?
The main closing outputs created as part of integration management include project
document updates; final product, service, or result transition; a final report; and updates to
organizational process assets. It is important to create a final project report, presentation,
and lessons-learned report to provide good historical records to help improve future
projects.

8. What are the main topics included in a lessons-learned report?

Topics include whether or not the project met scope, time, and cost goals; if the project met
success criteria and why or why not’ what the main lessons learned were for the project
team; examples of what went right and wrong; and what the team would do differently on
the next project based on their experience.

9. What is a post-mortem?
A post-mortem is another name for a project close-out meeting