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    Networking PDF

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    Shshsujsjs

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    Networking PDF

    Uploaded by

    abhiydv3110
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    Shshsujsjs

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    5 views21 pages

    Networking PDF

    Uploaded by

    abhiydv3110
    Shshsujsjs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    NETWORKING

    HARDWARE NETWORKING
    SOFTWARE
    DATABASE

    WHAT IS NETWORKING ?
    Interconnection of computers with each
    other is called networking.
    ADVANTAGE:
    ➢ It is use to share data or information
    ➢ Better utilization of resources
    ➢ Cost effective
    TYPES OF NETWORKS
    LAN/CAN: It’s a local/campus area network. MAN: It’s a metropolitan area network
    Its range in meters . It could be upto 2 to 10 km within a city.
    within a building or a campus.
    WAN: It’s a wide area network
    Eg. Internet(public network)/ Intranet(private network)
    LAN----->ISP → NAP(NETWORK ACCESS POINT) →FIBER OPTICS CONNECT TO NAP
    PAN: PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
    EG Bluetooth./wifi Its range 10 meter

    PYTHON + ML
    MYSQL
    NUMPY MAN

    PANDAS
    NETWORKING
    TYPES OF NETWORK MODEL CLIENT: It’s a front end. It request to
    server to do any work.
    1. PEER TO PEER OR POINT TO POINT SERVER: It’s a back end. It grant
    permission to a client to do any work

    2. CLIENT/SERVER

    SERVER/DOMAIN
    CLIENT
    TERMINAL
    WORKSTATION
    NODE

    CLIENT 1 CLIENT 2 CLIENT 3


    TOPLOGY: It’s a pattern to connect computers in a network RING:
    BUS:

    STAR: TREE:
    GRAPH:

    MESH:
    no signal lose
    COMMUNICATION CHANNEL /TRANSMISSION MEDIUM

    GUIDED: WIRE UNGUIDED: / WIRELESS

    GUIDED: 3.OPTICAL FIBER


    1). TWISTED PAIR
    • S(SHIELDED)TP
    • UTP

    2. COAXIAL CABLE
    THINNET- 180M
    THICKNET- 500M

    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed


    under CC BY-SA
    UNGUIDED:
    3.MICROWAVE
    1.INFRARED

    4.RADIOWAVE
    2.BLUETOOTH
    SEA

    TV CHANNELS MOBILE CHANNELS


    EG. STAR ,SONY,ZEE HUB EG. JIO ,AIRTEL,VODA

    TOWER 1 TOWER 2

    CUSTOMER
    NETWORK DEVICES:
    1. LAN CARD/ETHERNET CARD/ NETWORK INTERFACE CARD
    NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT.(NIC/NIU)
    it’s a LAN card which could be responsible to
    Computers in a network.
    2. HUB/SWITCH: Its a network device which
    Connect computer with each other
    3. REPEATER: It’s a network device which
    Amplified the signals.
    4.MODEM: MODULATOR AND DEMODULATOR
    It’s a network device , it convert analog
    Signal into digital and vice versa.
    5 BRIDGE: It’s a network device which connect networks
    With each other .
    It reduce the network traffic because it have capability to
    Identify physical address of a system.
    ROUTER : It’s a network device which
    assign and manipulate ip address

    MAC address: Medium access control


    It’s a addrees on LAN card specify by its
    Vendor at time of manufacturing of it.
    48 bit
    6 parts:
    IP address: It’s a address which
    uniquely identify computers in a
    network
    A[10] B[20]

    40m
    30m

    C[30] D[40]
    50m

    30+40+50=120

    COMPUTER
    JD
    (Digital signal)

    Telephone line
    (Analog signal)
    1. Create cable layout
    2. Name the building where we can place server/modem

    80 : 20 RULE: It’s a rule which specify placement of


    server/modem
    , according to this rule where number of computer is
    maximum there we can place
    Server or modem
    URL: UNIFORM RESORUCE LOCATOR
    https://www.google.com/career
    https: protocol
    www.google.com: domain/server name
    /career:path
    .com : domain extension
    INTERNET
    &
    WEB
    HISTORY OF INTERNET( 1969)

    ARPANET
    (ADVANCE RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY NETWORKS)

    NSFnet : NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NETWORK.

    INTERNET

    WORLD WIDE WEB(WWW)


    (Tim Berners-Lee: 1989)
    1990: info.cern.ch(name of first website)

    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WWW AND INTERNET


    INTRNET TERMINOLOGY • WEB SITE
    • CLIENT • WEB PORTAL
    • SERVER • WEB BROWSER
    • WEBPAGE: • URL
    COMPONENTS OF WEB PAGE • COOKIES: These are small text files
    CONTENT WISE Stored on a user’s computer and created
    HYPERTEXT By websites to remember basic
    HYPERLINK information or to record the user’s
    STRUCTURE WISE browsing activity
    PAGE TITLE PLUG IN OR ADD ONS: Its s software
    HEADER component that adds a specific feature t
    BODY OF PAGE an existing computer program eg
    NAVIGATIONAL LINKS Web browser
    FOOTER
    TYPES OF WEB PAGES
    STATIC
    DYNAMIC
    PROTOCOL: VoIP: Voice over Internet protocol :
    1. It’s a set of rules which It’s a technology that make audio
    should be Responsible to send and video from any internet-
    data from source to Connected device having a micro
    Destination successfully. Phone and speaker
    2. It is also reduce collision Eg
    Among packets , if collision is Microsoft team,skype whatapp,
    occur it Rectify the errors and Telegram
    retransmit the packets. HTTPS: Hyper text transfer protocol
    is responsible to display web page
    SOURCE DESTINATION
    On screen
    FTP: File transfer protocol , is resp
    Onsible to upload and download file
    PACKETS/DATAGRAM POP/SMTP: POST OFFICE PROTOCOL
    /SIMPLE MAIL TRANFER PROTOCOL
    NOTE : Data should be breakup into small , is responsible to send email
    Pieces , is called packets then tranfer from
    Source to destination
    TCP/IP INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSIONS
    TCP : Transmission control IPv4: 1. Its of 32 bit
    protocol 2. x.x.x.x
    1. It’s a connection oriented x is called octat
    IP : Internet protocol 3. octat seprated by .(dot)
    1. It is connection less or it IPv6:
    is
    Reliable to transfer data IPv6 Normal :
    UDP: User datagram protocol 1. Its of 64 bit
    1. It’s a connection less 2. y:y:y:y:y:y:y:y
    SYMPTOMS OF NETWORK y is called hexadecimal
    CONGESTIONS 3. Hexa seprated by colon(:)
    • Excessive packet delay IPv6 Dual :
    • Loss of data packets 1 It’s a combination of IPv4
    • Retransmission And IPv6
    ADDRESS ON A NETWORK 2.y:y:y:y:y:y:y:y:x.x.x.x
    Web Address(URL)
    IP Address(192.68.27.01)
    NFC: NEAR FIELD COMMNICATION
    DNR : Domain Name Resolution: COLLISION IN WIRELESS
    It refer to the process of obtaining NETWORK
    Corresponding IP address from a FULL DUPLEX
    Domain name. HALF DUPLEX

    CELLULAR /WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY


    PROTOCOLS
    2G: GSM : Global system/service for
    mobile. 250kbps
    DATA, TEXT MSG,CALL
    3G: 500 kbps to 2 mbps / uptp 20 mbps
    DATA, TEXT MSG, AUDIO/VIDEO MSG
    CALL
    4G: DATA, TEXT MSG, AUDIO/VIDEO MSG
    CALL, 50 mbps
    WiFi: Wireless fidelity 10 meter to 50m

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