Flower Morphology or Wheat: PBG Assignment

Subject : Plant
Breeding and Genetics

Course code : PBG 507
The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur.
Flower morphology or Wheat:

Inflorescence: spike, the basic unit of the inflorescence is called a
spikelet, typically consisting of a basal pair of minute sterile bracts
called glumes.
One or more distichously arranged distal florets on an often zig zag
extension of the spikelet axis called the rachilla.
The average spike of common wheat contains 25-30 grains in 14-17
spikelets.
Androecium typically consists of 3 or occasionally 6 distinct stamens,
anthers yellow.
Gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 or sometimes 3
carpels, an equal number of styles with feathery stigmas, and a
superior ovary with one locule.
Pollination Behavior: Wheat is a self-pollinating crop that

produces seed when pollen from anthers fertilises the receptive ovary
in the same flower of a single parent plant. ... These plants can then
be cross-pollinated by male-donor lines.
Flower morphology of Maize:
The corn plant is normally monoecious. The staminate flowers is
called tassel at the top of the stalk. The mature pistilate inflorescence
is called cob(silk). The spikelets are usually arranged in pairs, one
sessile and the other pediceled, the spikelet is completely enclosed by
two firm. There are two florets per spikelet, each floret contains 3
stamens, 2 lodicules and a rudimentary pistil. The lemma and palea
are thinner and shorter than the glumes The single ovary in a fertile
floret bears a long style are silk which is forked at the tip. The silk are
ordinarily 10-30cm long.
Pollination Behavior: About 95% of the ovules are cross-pollinated

and about 5% are self-pollinated (Poehlman, 1959).
Flower morphology of Rice:
The lemma may or may not be indurated, entire, pointed, hairy or

glabrous, strongly carinate, awnless or mucronate or awnless.  Palea
present relatively long, but shorter than lemma  Fertile floret:
hermaphrodite, cleistogamous or chasmogamous in some cases cross
pollination is prevelent, calyx and corolla(perianth) are called
lodicules.  Stamens 6, anthers 2-3mm long with filaments, not
penicillate, versatile, ovary glabrous, monocarpellary, usually one
ovule, placentation basel, styles fused(basally) or free to their basaes.
 Stigmas bifid, and feathery.
Pollination Behavior: Rice is a self-pollinated crop
Flower morphology of Sorghum:
The leaf blades are 5 to 100 cm long and 5 to 100 mm wide. The
inflorescence (panicle) is 5 to 60 cm long, 3 to 30 cm wide, and may be
open or contracted. The primary panicle branches are compound,
terminating in racemes with 2 to 7 spikelet pairs. The sessile spikelets
are bisexual and 3 to 9 mm in length. The glumes are coriaceous to
membranous and glabrous to densely hirsute or pubescent. The keels
on the glumes (bracts) are usually winged. The upper lemmas vary
from being awnless to having a geniculate, twisted, 5 to 30 mm awn.
The anthers are 2 to 3 mm long. The pedicels are 1 to 3 mm long. The
pedicellate spikelets are 3 to 6 mm long and are usually shorter than
the sessile spikelets. The pedicillate spikelets may be staminate or
sterile.
Pollination Behavior: Sorghum is primarily self-pollinated,
meaning that a sorghum plant will accept pollen from its own flowers.
Cultivated sorghum is generally cross-pollinated between 2 and 10%,
with wild varieties crossing even more. Floral initiation happens deep
within the plant 30 to 40 days after germination.
Flower morphology of Cotton:

The petals of the cotton flower are a creamy white to yellow when
the flower first opens. They are narrow at the base and broad at the
tip. The petals darken, usually to a dark pink at the end of the first
day. Below is a cross section through a petal.
The flower has three bracts, usually closed about the square. It also
has a calyx, which surrounds the developing bud. Both the bracts and
the calyx serve to protect the flower.
In the center of the flower is a five lobed pistil, surrounded by many
stamens. Each of the stamens has a two lobed anther that releases
pollen.
Pollination Behavior: Cotton is self-pollinating and does not need

pollination to set a crop. The flowers open as white blooms in the
morning with pollination occurring within four hours, and fertilization
within the flower occurring 12 to 24 hours later.

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Flower Morphology or Wheat: PBG Assignment

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Subject : Plant

Breeding and Genetics

Flower morphology or Wheat:

Pollination Behavior: Wheat is a self-pollinating crop that

Pollination Behavior: About 95% of the ovules are cross-pollinated

The lemma may or may not be indurated, entire, pointed, hairy or

Flower morphology of Cotton:

Pollination Behavior: Cotton is self-pollinating and does not need

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