ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION Digital electronics

1. Flip flop and their working. What is metastable state in flip-flops? 2. Construct a d flip-flop from a t flip-flop.Differentiate b/w flip-flop and latches 3. What is totem pole? 4. Draw the state graphs for a given problem like sequence generator, flip flop etc 5. Implement Boolean expressions using MUX (2 to 4,3 to 8,etc) 6. Design a decade counter 7. Explain internal organization of memory chips 8. What is a bit? What is CMOS? Draw the circuit of an adder using NAND gate 9. What is a Karnaugh map? 10. What are the four methods to reduce a Boolean? 11. What is the difference b/w half adder and full adder? 12. What are the advantages of CMOS and TTL?What technology is used in CMOS logic? What are VLSI and ULSI? What is the number of components in both? 13. Explain synchronous and asynchronous counter 14. Minimize the function using Quine McClusky:f=xy+xy+yz+xyz 15. What is prime implicant? Which is the universal flip-flop? 16. What is SRAM and DRAM? Compare the two, relative cost of the two. 17. What will happen in the case of a power failure for the above? 18. What is tristate or high impedance state? 19. What are the difference between open collector output and totem pole out put? 20. Find the highest clocking frequency of a digital circuit give the rise time ,fall time and propagation delay?

Electronic Devices & circuits

1. Obtain a square wave from sine wave from Zener diodes. 2. What is the difference between oscillator and multivibrator? 3. What is emitter follower? What is an opamp? 4. What is the ideal gain of an opamp? 5. How is amplification possible in a transistor? 6. Classify power amplifiers 7. How does a diode look(internally)? Explain the working using internal diagram 8. Explain processes taking place in the depletion junction of a forward biased diode 9. What is a buffer? What is the gain of a buffer? 10. What is an oscillator? 11. How do you forward bias a transistor? 12. What are the practical applications of a transistor? 13. What is reverse recovery time and how does it affect a diode?

14. Draw and explain the working of a monostable vibrator using op amp 15. State Thevenins theorem and Nortons theorem. What are their applications? 16. What is the virtual ground in an op amp? 17. Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor

Power Electronics
1. What is a thyristor and differentiate between thyristor and a diode 2. Switching action of an SCR and triggering. Draw the diagram of thyristor 3. Draw an internal block diagram of a normal voltage stabilizer 4. What is a reference variable?

Control Systems
1. Define control systems. Why are they so important? 2. What are the different types of control systems? 3. Explain open loop with block diagram examples 4. What are the advantages and drawbacks of closed loop? 5. How can you design a stable system? Explain different stability criteria 6. Explain Ruth-Hurwitz rule in one sentence. What are poles and their significance? 7. Is there any control system in this room(interview hall)? 8. Draw the block diagram of a control system and write its transfer function 9. What is ROC? Explain transformation between s and z planes 10. Differentiate between open and closed loop control systems 11. What is meant by adaptive control system?

12. Find the transfer function of a given RLC circuit Communication

1. What is packet switching and circuit switching? What is the protocol used in telephone network? 2. What is modulation? Why is needed? What are the various types?Compare AM,FM, PM.Which waves will travel a longer distance- FM or AM and why? 3. What is the mode of transmission of television signals? 4. Compare the bandwidth requirements of AM and FM 5. What do you know about antennae? 6. Why is linking up frequency greater than the down linking frequency?

Modern trends and general questions

1. What is a modem? Draw its internal diagram 2. What is VoIP? 3. What is the most important advantage of Bluetooth? 4. What is wave studio? What is Bit rate? 5. What is the difference between mp3 and WAV formats? 6. What is sampling? What is a database? What is VHDL? What is a complier?

7. What is FSF? Cite any current relevance 8. Volume control in TV is logarithmic. Why? 9. What is the mathematics used in DSP and from which domain to which domain is it converted? 10. Differentiate between macros and functions in C .Explain the booting process of a computer.What is round robin technique of interrupt arbitration

Read more: http://www.careers-india.com/2008/02/18/interview-question-asked-interviewquestion-for-electronics-and-communication-engineering/#ixzz1fjJmnEJS

1. What is the frequency at which bluetooth operates? 2. Give an example for a 1 port microwave network. 3. What is the basic difference between an active and passive device? 4. What is the multiple access and duplexing scheme used in GSM?

5.Is diode an active device or passive device? 6. If we tie up J and K ports of the JK flip flop, it will act like a______ flip flop. 7.In microprocessor terminology what does SIM stand for?

8. What all factors the resistance depends on? 9.Where is the energy stored in a capacitor? 10. What is the significance of 8 in 8-bit processor?
1. 2.4 GHz 2. Antenna 3. Active device is capable of amplifying (has gain) or processing signals (has directivity) whereas passive device is not. 4. TDMA/FDD 5. Active device because it has directivity 6. T flip flop 7. Set Interrupt Mask 8. Length and area of cross section (R=resistivity X L/A) 9. In the electric field existing between the plates 10. 8= number of datalines in the processor.

1. The third generation mobile phones satisfy which specifications of the International Telecommunication union?

2. What does the circle around a transistor indicate?

3. Which BJT transistor configuration is also known as 'Emitter Follower'? 4. To which category does the single side band modulation(SSB) technique fall? Digital or analog? 5. What sort of an interfacing is provided by Intel 8259 to Intel 8085 microprocessor?

6. In network theory, what are the branches of a co-TREE made out of the graph of a circuit called?

7. What is the laplace transform of an impulse signal? 8. What is the fundamental difference between Laplace transform and Ztransform? 9. What is the knee voltage of Schottky diodes? 10. What does IMEI number of a mobile phone stand for?

ANSWERS
1. International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) 2. Indicates that the transistor is a discrete component. 3. Common Collector 4. Analog 5. Programmable Interrupt Controller 6. Links 7. 1 8. Laplace transform is for continuous signals and Z-transform is for digital signals. 9. 0.2 V 10. International Mobile Equipment Identity number1. What does LED stand for?
Light Emitting Display Low Energy Display Light Emitting Diode Light Emitting Detector 2. Name the three leads of a common transistor Collector Bias Omitter Base Collector Case

Emitter Collector Bias Collector Base Emitter 3. Connecting a lead from the negative to the positive of a battery will produce: A high resistance circuit A short circuit A low current path An open circuit 4. What is the approximate characteristic voltage that develops across a red LED?

1.7v 3.4v 0.6v 5v 5. If two resistors are placed in series, is the final resistance: Higher Lower The same Cannot be determined 6. Which is not a "common" value of resistance: 2k7 1M8

330R 4k4 7. If a small value of capacitance is connected in parallel with a large value, the combined capacitance will be: The same Higher Lower 8. If the voltage on the base of a transistor increases, does it: Turn on Turn off Not enough information Remain the same 9. The resistor identified in brown is called the:

Base Bias Resistor Load Resistor Emitter Feedback Resistor Bypass Resistor

10. A 100n capacitor in parallel with 10n produces: 90n 100n

110n Cannot be determined 11. A resistor with colour bands: red-red-red-gold, has the value: 22k 5% 2k2 5% 220R 5% 22R 5% 12. The lead marked with the arrow is: The Collector The Base The Emitter The case 13. A 10k resistor in parallel with 10k produces: 10k 5k 20k Cannot be determined 14. The symbol is:

NPN Transistor PNP Transistor Photo Transistor Field Effect Transistor

15. Two 3v batteries are connected as shown. The output voltage is:

3v 0v 6v 16. 4 resistors in ascending order are: 22R 270k 2k2 1M 4k7 10k 47R 330k 3R3 4R7 22R 5k6 100R 10k 1M 3k3 17. The closest value for this combination is: 4k7 2k3 9k4 18. This stage is called:

Common Base Common Collector Common Emitter Emitter Follower

19. The four symbols are:

Capacitor, Microphone, Potentiometer, Electrolytic Electrolytic, Microphone, Resistor, Capacitor Capacitor, Piezo, Resistor, Electrolytic Electrolytic, Coil, Resistor, Capacitor 20. The value of the combination is: 100n 200n 50n 21. The resistor marked in red is:

Base Bias Resistor Load Resistor Emitter Feedback Resistor Bypass Resistor

22. A resistor and capacitor in series is called a: Pulse Circuit Timing Circuit/Delay Circuit Oscillator Circuit/Frequency Circuit Schmitt Circuit

23. A red-red-red-gold resistor in series with an orange-orange-orange-gold resistor produces: 5k5 35,200 ohms 55k None of the above 24. Name the 4 components:

Photo transistor, switch, capacitor, coil Transistor, mercury switch, piezo, coil Photo transistor, reed switch, piezo, coil Photo darlington transistor, reed switch, piezo, coil 25. To obtain a higher value of resistance, resistors are connected in:

Reverse Forward Parallel Series 26. A capacitor and coil in parallel is called: A Tuned Circuit A Timing Circuit

A Delay Circuit A Schmitt Circuit 27. When the base is raised, the emitter will:

Rise Fall Remain Fixed Oscillate

28. What is 1,000p? 0.01n 0.001u 0.1n 1n 29. The current in a circuit is 45mA. This is: 0.045Amp 0.00045A 0.0045A 0.45A 30. A 100n capacitor can be expressed as: 0.1u 0.01u u = microfarad

0.001u none of the above 31. 1mA is equal to: 0.001A 0.00001A 0.01A 0.1A 32. 1,200mV is equal to: 12v 1.2v 0.12v 0.0012v 33. If a 10k resistor is placed across a 10v supply, the current will be: 10mA 1mA 0.01mA 0.1mA 34. This arrangement is called:

Common Emitter Common Collector/Emitter Follower Common Base

35. Identify the correctly connected LED:

A B C D 36. Identify the correct statement:

The cathode lead is longer. It goes to the negative rail The cathode lead is shorter. It goes to the negative rail The cathode lead is shorter. It goes to the positive rail The cathode lead is longer. It goes to the positive rail 37. The current requirement of a LED is: 1.7mA 25mA Between 3 and 35mA 65mA 38. The signal at the collector will be . . .

Inverted . . . In-phase . . . . . . with the base.

39. The purpose of the capacitor:

To pass AC on the input to the base To allow the transistor to self-bias Block DC from the input line To allow the stage to operate

40. The direction of conduction for a diode is:

A B C 41. A DC voltage . . . rises and falls is a sinewave remains constant is an audio waveform 42. A CRO is a

Cathode Ray Oscillator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Capacitor-Resistor Oscillator Capacitor-Resistor Output 43. These jargon terms mean: (Jargon = language peculiar to a 'mickey' 'electro' 'cap' 'puff'; trade)

mighty, electronic, capper, picofarad microfarad, electronic, capacitor, picofarad microfarad, electrolytic, capacitor, picofarad microfarad, electrolyte, capping, blow 44. The tolerance bands: gold; silver; brown, represent: 10%, 5%, 1% 5%, 10%, 2% 5%, 10%, 1%

10%, 5%, 2% 45. 223 on a capacitor represents: 0.022u 22n 22,000p u = microfarad n = nanofarad p = picofarad

All of the above 46. Arrange these in ascending order: n, p, u p, u, n, n, u, p

p, n, u 47. Name this symbol: A buffer A NOR gate A NAND gate A Schmitt Trigger 48. The number "104" on a capacitor indicates: 0.1u 100n 1n 10n 49. What is the multimeter detecting:

The output voltage of the Schmitt Trigger The delay across the capacitor The voltage across the capacitor The current through the capacitor 50. For the XOR gate, what is the output when both inputs are HIGH:

HIGH LOW Can be HIGH or LOW Cannot be determined

Q1. What is impedance? A. The electric charge stored by a capacitor B. The inverse of resistance C. The opposition to the flow of current in an AC circuit D. The force of repulsion between two similar electric fields Q2. What is reactance? A. Opposition to the flow of direct current caused by resistance B. Opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance C. A property of ideal resistors in AC circuits D. A large spark produced at switch contacts when an inductor is deenergized Q3. Which of the following causes opposition to the flow of alternating current in an inductor? A. Conductance B. Reluctance C. Admittance D. Reactance Q4. Which of the following causes opposition to the flow of alternating current in a capacitor? A. Conductance B. Reluctance C. Reactance D. Admittance Q5. How does a coil react to AC? A. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases

B. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases C. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases D. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases Q6. How does a capacitor react to AC? A. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases B. As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases C. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases D. As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases Q7. What happens when the impedance of an electrical load is equal to the internal impedance of the power source? A. The source delivers minimum power to the load B. The electrical load is shorted C. No current can flow through the circuit D. The source can deliver maximum power to the load Q8. Why is impedance matching important? A. So the source can deliver maximum power to the load B. So the load will draw minimum power from the source C. To ensure that there is less resistance than reactance in the circuit D. To ensure that the resistance and reactance in the circuit are equal Q9. What unit is used to measure reactance? A. Farad B. Ohm C. Ampere D. Siemens Q10. What unit is used to measure impedance? A. Volt B. Ohm C. Ampere D. Watt Q11. Why should core saturation of a conventional impedance matching transformer be avoided? A. Harmonics and distortion could result B. Magnetic flux would increase with frequency C. RF susceptance would increase D. Temporary changes of the core permeability could result Q12. What is one reason to use an impedance matching transformer? A. To reduce power dissipation in the transmitter

B. To maximize the transfer of power C. To minimize SWR at the antenna D. To minimize SWR in the transmission line Q13. Which of the following devices can be used for impedance matching at radio frequencies? A. A transformer B. A Pi-network C. A length of transmission line D. All of these choices are correct Q14. Which of the following describes one method of impedance matching between two AC circuits? A. Insert an LC network between the two circuits B. Reduce the power output of the first circuit C. Increase the power output of the first circuit D. Insert a circulator between the two circuits Q15. A two-times increase or decrease in power results in a change of how many dB? A. 2 dB B. 3 dB C. 6 dB D. 12 dB Q16. How does the total current relate to the individual currents in each branch of a parallel circuit? A. It equals the average of each branch current B. It decreases as more parallel branches are added to the circuit C. It equals the sum of the currents through each branch (Kirchoff's Current Law) D. It is the sum of the reciprocal of each individual voltage drop