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    Formula Sheet

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    arsalsiddiqui1612
    Imp formulae

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    Formula Sheet

    Uploaded by

    arsalsiddiqui1612
    2 views13 pages
    Imp formulae

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Imp formulae

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views13 pages

    Formula Sheet

    Uploaded by

    arsalsiddiqui1612
    Imp formulae

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    Set of formulas used for fiber optic communication design

    **This formula sheet is compiled from chapter 2 and chapter 3 of text book for
    reference and only for the reference purpose. Book reading is mandatory****
    **Symbols notations/symbols carries their conventional definition in context of
    this course**
    **

    Critical angle

    Relative refractive index

    Numerical aperture

    Acceptance angle
    maximum angle to the axis at which light may enter the fiber in order to be
    propagated, and is often referred to as the acceptance angle* for the fiber.

    Solid acceptance angle: For small angles the solid acceptance angle in air is given by:

    Maxwell’s Equations:

    Velocity of light in free space:


    Magnitude of the propagation vector or the vacuum phase propagation
    constant k

    Propagation constant

    velocity of constant phase plane :

    Phase velocity:

    Group velocity
    Ng: group index of the guide

    Normalized frequency or V number or value of the step index fibre

    Normalized propagation constant b


    Total Number of guided modes mode

    Graded index fibre:

    for graded index


    Single mode propagation in step index fibre is possible for the range:

    cutoff value of normalized frequency Vc to support a single mode in a graded


    index fiber:

    Single-mode operation only occurs above a theoretical cutoff wavelength λc

    Mode-field diameter and spot size

    w0: nominal half width of the input excitation

    Effective refractive index


    Total Attenuation over the L km of fibre link length

    Rayleigh scattering coefficient

    Fibre bend loss:

    Critical radius of curvature

    Bit rate :

    The maximum bit rate (BT) is given approximately by


    Bandwidth (B) for NRZ coding

    Bandwidth (B) for Return to zero coding

    Group delay:

    Group delay per unit length:


    GVD parameter:

    Dispersion

    pulse spreading over the length of L

    Mode delay factor:

    Material dispersion:
    Material dispersion per unit length

    Pulse broadening due to material dispersion

    Pulse delay:

    Material dispersion parameter M

    Waveguide dispersion delay

    Delay difference in multi-mode step index:


    RMS pulse broadening

    RMS pulse broadening caused by chromatic dispersion down a fiber of length L


    is given by the derivative of the group delay with respect to wavelength
    Waveguide dispersion parameter

    For multimode graded index fiber

    delay

    rms pulse broadening

    Polarization related formulas


    modal birefringence

    linear retardation
    coherence length

    Beat length

    energy transfer is at a maximum when the perturbations have a period Λ,

    differential group delay (DGD): is defined as the group delay difference between
    the slow and the fast modes over the fiber lengths

    differential group delay per unit length

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