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    Dispersion in Fiber Systems: EE 548 Spring 2005

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    Bui TheQuan
    This document discusses different types of dispersion in fiber optic systems: 1. Intermodal dispersion occurs in multimode fiber and causes different fiber modes to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse waveform. 2. Chromatic dispersion causes different frequency components of a pulse to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse over time. It is caused by the wavelength dependence of a fiber's index of refraction. 3. Polarization mode dispersion is caused by the two polarization states of light traveling at different speeds in the fiber, due to asymmetries in the fiber, accumulating over distance.

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    Dispersion in Fiber Systems: EE 548 Spring 2005

    Uploaded by

    Bui TheQuan
    18 views24 pages
    This document discusses different types of dispersion in fiber optic systems: 1. Intermodal dispersion occurs in multimode fiber and causes different fiber modes to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse waveform. 2. Chromatic dispersion causes different frequency components of a pulse to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse over time. It is caused by the wavelength dependence of a fiber's index of refraction. 3. Polarization mode dispersion is caused by the two polarization states of light traveling at different speeds in the fiber, due to asymmetries in the fiber, accumulating over distance.

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    This document discusses different types of dispersion in fiber optic systems: 1. Intermodal dispersion occurs in multimode fiber and causes different fiber modes to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse waveform. 2. Chromatic dispersion causes different frequency components of a pulse to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse over time. It is caused by the wavelength dependence of a fiber's index of refraction. 3. Polarization mode dispersion is caused by the two polarization states of light traveling at different speeds in the fiber, due to asymmetries in the fiber, accumulating over distance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    18 views24 pages

    Dispersion in Fiber Systems: EE 548 Spring 2005

    Uploaded by

    Bui TheQuan
    This document discusses different types of dispersion in fiber optic systems: 1. Intermodal dispersion occurs in multimode fiber and causes different fiber modes to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse waveform. 2. Chromatic dispersion causes different frequency components of a pulse to travel at different speeds, spreading out the pulse over time. It is caused by the wavelength dependence of a fiber's index of refraction. 3. Polarization mode dispersion is caused by the two polarization states of light traveling at different speeds in the fiber, due to asymmetries in the fiber, accumulating over distance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Dispersion in Fiber Systems

    EE 548
    Spring 2005
    Fundamentals of dispersion

    •Received signal waveform is spread out in


    time (distorted) relative to the transmitted
    signal waveform
    •Pulse spreading leads to intersymbol
    interference (ISI) if the spreading time
    approaches the symbol period
    Types of dispersion
     Intermodal dispersion
     Chromatic dispersion
     Polarization mode dispersion
    Intermodal dispersion
     Occurs in multimode fiber
     Modes travel at different group
    velocities within the fiber
     Energy arrives at receiver at different
    times
     Result: spreading of pulse waveform
     Fiber index can be adjusted (radially) to
    mitigate the effect.
    Modal dispersion in multimode
    fiber
    Chromatic dispersion
     Basic issue: group velocity is a function
    of frequency
     Hence different frequency components
    of a pulse arrive at receiver at different
    times (even in the same mode).
     Causes pulse waveform to spread in
    time
    How chromatic dispersion
    works
    Sources of chromatic
    dispersion
     Waveguide dispersion
     Occurs due to wavelength dependence of
    energy density in the mode (radially): longer
    wavelengths have energy further from the
    fiber center
     Even if index of refraction n is wavelength
    independent, radial variation of n causes
    dispersion (longer wavelengths will travel
    faster, as they are in the region with lower n)
    Dispersion parameter D
     D is in units of picoseconds per km-nm
     km refers to the length of fiber
     nm refers to the spectral width of the
    pulse
    2c d 2 
    D 2
     d 2

    where  is the propagation constant


    Sources of chromatic
    Dispersion
     Material dispersion
     Material of fiber has frequency dependent
    index of refraction n(leads to DM
     In silica fiber, DM is negative for short
    wavelengths, zero at 1300nm, positive at
    longer wavelengths
    Components of chromatic
    dispersion
    Dispersion shifting
     D= DW + DM

     DW can be adjusted by changing the radial


    profile of n, adjusting D as a function of
    frequency
    Frequency dependence of
    dispersion coefficients
    Dispersion shifted fiber
    Chromatic dispersion in
    different types of fiber
    Dispersion compensation
    Dispersion compensation
    effect
    Dispersion compensation over
    several links
    Improvement in BER with DCF
    Polarization mode dispersion
     PMD is caused by the two polarization
    states of the fundamental mode
    traveling with different group velocities
     Caused by asymmetries in the fiber
     Accumulates as the square root of the
    length
     PMD  DPMD L
    Polarization mode dispersion
     Typical values of DPMD
     Standard SMF: 0.5 ps/km0.5
     Dispersion shifted SMF: 2 ps/km0.5
    Polarization mode dispersion
    Effect of PMD on maximum bit
    rate
    Comparison of different forms of
    dispersion: effect on bit rate

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