LCM HCF 1

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 9

Q. 8).

Find the least number which, when divided by 6, 15, and 18, leaves a remainder of 5 in each
case.

Solution:

Let's break this question into small, easy-to-understand steps for an 8-year-old.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

We are looking for the smallest number (let's call it X) that gives a remainder of 5 when divided by 6,
15, and 18.

In simple terms, when we divide this number X by each of these numbers (6, 15, and 18), we don't
get an exact whole number. Instead, the number X leaves 5 leftover (remainder) each time.

So, we're trying to find X, and it should fit this pattern:

 When divided by 6, the remainder is 5.

 When divided by 15, the remainder is 5.

 When divided by 18, the remainder is 5.

Step 2: Remove the Remainder Temporarily

Instead of looking for the number that leaves a remainder of 5, let's first find a number that doesn't
leave any remainder when divided by 6, 15, and 18.

We will do this by finding the LCM (Least Common Multiple) of 6, 15, and 18. The LCM is the
smallest number that can be divided exactly by 6, 15, and 18.

Step 3: Find the LCM of 6, 15, and 18

To find the LCM, we will use the prime factorization method.

 6: The prime factors of 6 are 2 × 3.

 15: The prime factors of 15 are 3 × 5.

 18: The prime factors of 18 are 2 × 3 × 3.

 LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 90.

So, the LCM of 6, 15, and 18 is 90. This means that 90 is the smallest number that can be divided by
6, 15, and 18 without leaving any remainder.

Step 4: Adjust for the Remainder of 5

Now, remember that we're not just looking for a number that divides exactly by 6, 15, and 18 — we
need the number to leave a remainder of 5.

To do this, we take the LCM (which is 90) and add 5 to it. Why? Because adding 5 will ensure that
when the number is divided by 6, 15, or 18, it will leave 5 left over.

So, we calculate:

 90 + 5 = 95.

Step 5: Check the Answer


Now let's check if 95 works:

 95 ÷ 6 = 15 remainder 5.

 95 ÷ 15 = 6 remainder 5.

 95 ÷ 18 = 5 remainder 5.

Since 95 leaves a remainder of 5 when divided by 6, 15, and 18, it is the correct answer!

Step 6: Conclusion

The smallest number that leaves a remainder of 5 when divided by 6, 15, and 18 is 95.

Visualization

 Imagine you have three baskets: one holds 6 marbles, another 15 marbles, and the third 18
marbles.

 You want to put some number of marbles into each basket, but after filling each basket, you
must always have 5 marbles left over.

 The smallest number of marbles you need to have for this to work is 95 marbles!

This method shows how we use the LCM and a small adjustment to find the number we’re looking
for.

Q.1 ). Renu purchases two bags of fertilizer weighing 75 kg and 69 kg. Find the maximum value of
weight that can measure the weight of the fertilizer an exact number of times.

Solution.

We're going to find the maximum weight that can exactly measure the two fertilizer bags weighing
75 kg and 69 kg.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

Renu has two bags of fertilizer:

 One bag weighs 75 kg.

 The other bag weighs 69 kg.

We need to find the largest possible weight that can divide both 75 kg and 69 kg perfectly without
leaving anything behind.

In simple terms, if we had a small weight (like 1 kg, 2 kg, etc.), what is the biggest weight we could
use to measure both bags exactly? This biggest weight is called the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)
or Highest Common Factor (HCF).

Step 2: What is the HCF?


The HCF is the largest number that can divide both numbers evenly. For example:

 For the numbers 4 and 8, the HCF is 4 because it’s the biggest number that divides both 4
and 8 perfectly.

We need to find the HCF of 75 and 69.

Step 3: Finding the HCF

To find the HCF, we can use a method called prime factorization, or another method known as the
Euclidean Algorithm. Let’s start with prime factorization, since that’s more visual.

Prime Factorization Method:

 75: First, break 75 into smaller pieces.

o 75 can be divided by 5, since 75 ÷ 5 = 15.

o Now, break down 15: 15 ÷ 5 = 3.

o So, the prime factorization of 75 is: 5 × 5 × 3.

 69: Now do the same for 69.

o 69 can be divided by 3, since 69 ÷ 3 = 23.

o 23 is already a prime number (it can’t be broken down any more).

o So, the prime factorization of 69 is: 3 × 23.

Now we look for the biggest number that appears in both factorizations. The only number that
appears in both 75 and 69 is 3.

So, the HCF of 75 and 69 is 3.

Step 5: Conclusion

The greatest weight that can exactly measure both 75 kg and 69 kg is 3 kg.

This means you could take a 3 kg weight and measure the fertilizer bags perfectly by using 3 kg
weights 25 times for the 75 kg bag (because 75 ÷ 3 = 25) and 23 times for the 69 kg bag (because 69
÷ 3 = 23).

Visualization
 Imagine you have a bag of marbles (75 marbles in one bag, 69 in the other).

 You want to find out how many marbles can fit into smaller equal-sized boxes.

 By finding that 3 marbles can fit into both bags the same number of times, you have figured
out that 3 is the biggest box size that works for both.

This biggest box is like the HCF of the numbers!


Q. 2).

Three boys step off together from the same spot. Their steps measure 63 cm, 70 cm, and 77 cm
respectively. What is the minimum distance each should cover so that all can cover the distance in
complete steps?

Solution

We will solve the problem where three boys step off together from the same spot. Their steps
measure 63 cm, 70 cm, and 77 cm. We need to figure out the smallest distance they can all cover
together in complete steps.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

The three boys have different step sizes:

 Boy 1 takes steps that are 63 cm long.

 Boy 2 takes steps that are 70 cm long.

 Boy 3 takes steps that are 77 cm long.

We want to find the smallest distance they can all walk so that they take an exact number of steps
without anyone taking extra steps. In other words, we're looking for a distance where each boy's step
size fits perfectly.

Step 2: What are we trying to find?

We are trying to find the smallest common distance that all the boys can walk in whole steps. This
smallest distance is called the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the numbers 63, 70, and 77.

Step 3: What is the LCM?

The LCM is the smallest number that all the step sizes (63, 70, and 77) can divide into without leaving
any leftover distance.

Example:

Imagine two friends take steps of 2 meters and 3 meters. The smallest distance they can both walk in
complete steps is 6 meters because:

 The first friend can take 3 steps of 2 meters each (2 + 2 + 2 = 6).

 The second friend can take 2 steps of 3 meters each (3 + 3 = 6).

Similarly, we need to find the LCM of 63, 70, and 77.

Step 4: Finding the LCM using Prime Factorization

The easiest way to find the LCM is by breaking down each number into prime factors and then using
those factors to calculate the LCM.

Prime Factorization of 63:

 63 can be divided by 3: 63 ÷ 3 = 21.


 21 can also be divided by 3: 21 ÷ 3 = 7.

 7 is a prime number.

So, the prime factorization of 63 is 3 × 3 × 7.

Prime Factorization of 70:

 70 can be divided by 2: 70 ÷ 2 = 35.

 35 can be divided by 5: 35 ÷ 5 = 7.

 7 is a prime number.

So, the prime factorization of 70 is 2 × 5 × 7.

Prime Factorization of 77:

 77 can be divided by 7: 77 ÷ 7 = 11.

 11 is a prime number.

So, the prime factorization of 77 is 7 × 11.

Step 5: LCM Calculation

Now that we have the prime factorizations:

 63 = 3 × 3 × 7

 70 = 2 × 5 × 7

 77 = 7 × 11

So, the LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11.

Step 6: Multiplying to Get the LCM

Now, let's multiply the prime factors together to get the LCM = 6930

Step 7: Conclusion

The smallest distance each boy must walk so they all step in complete steps is 6930 cm.

WHEN HCF should be taken?

1. Grouping Students in a Classroom:


If you want to form equal groups of students for a classroom activity, and the number of boys and
girls are different (e.g., 30 boys and 45 girls), HCF helps you find the maximum number of equal
groups you can create without leaving anyone out.

2. Packing Sweets in Equal Boxes:

For festivals like Raksha Bandhan or Diwali, if a sweet shop needs to pack sweets in boxes and has
different quantities of multiple types of sweets (e.g., 60 laddoos and 48 barfis), HCF helps determine
the largest number of boxes that can be packed with equal quantities of both sweets.

3. Distributing Clothes During Charity Drives:

During a charity event, if an organization has received a different number of sarees, shirts, and
pants (e.g., 100 shirts, 150 sarees, and 120 pants), HCF helps calculate how to distribute the
maximum number of complete clothing sets to those in need.

4. Arranging Books on Shelves:

In a school library, if there are different numbers of books of different subjects (e.g., 45 math
books, 75 science books, and 60 history books), HCF helps you determine how many bookshelves are
needed to arrange them in equal stacks of the same subject.

5. Cutting Ribbons for Decorations:

For a wedding or a festival like Ganesh Chaturthi, if you have ribbons of different lengths (e.g., 100
meters, 120 meters, and 150 meters), HCF helps you figure out the largest equal length of ribbon
pieces that can be cut from each roll without wasting any ribbon.

6. Planning Meals for Guests:

During a large family gathering, such as for a wedding reception or housewarming, if you have
different quantities of food (e.g., 90 rotis, 60 samosas, and 75 gulab jamuns), HCF helps you decide
the largest number of equal portions that can be served to the guests.

7 Dividing Large Quantities of Ingredients for Cooking:


When preparing food in large quantities for festivals like Onam or Pongal, where different
quantities of ingredients (e.g., rice, lentils, and vegetables) are used, HCF helps you divide them into
smaller equal portions for cooking in multiple pots or for sharing between families.

8. Grouping Children for Cultural Performances:

For Independence Day or Republic Day school performances, if there are different numbers of boys
and girls participating in different activities (e.g., 30 boys for a play, 45 girls for a dance, and 60
students for a choir), HCF helps group them equally into teams.

9. Equal Distribution of Water Among Farmers:

In a village where a limited amount of water is available for irrigation, and multiple farmers have
different-sized plots, HCF helps in equally distributing the water to maximize fairness without
wastage.

10. Dividing Wedding Expenses Among Families:

When two families share wedding costs (e.g., the groom’s family is paying for 120 guests and the
bride’s family is paying for 180 guests), HCF helps calculate the maximum number of expenses that
can be divided equally between both families.

11. Arranging Chairs for Functions:

For large family functions or cultural gatherings where there are different numbers of chairs
available for different types of seating (e.g., 100 plastic chairs, 80 wooden chairs, and 120 folding
chairs), HCF helps you arrange them in equal rows to ensure neat seating arrangements.

12. Partitioning Grains in Rural Households:

In villages, families often store grains like wheat and rice for the year. If they have different
quantities of these grains (e.g., 200 kg of wheat, 150 kg of rice, and 250 kg of lentils), HCF helps them
partition the grains into equal amounts for storage or for distributing among family members.
Where LCM should be taken?
 Train Timings in Busy Stations: At a busy railway station, trains on different lines (e.g., local trains
running every 15 minutes, express trains every 25 minutes, and goods trains every 40 minutes) might
need synchronization to avoid congestion. The LCM helps determine when all types of trains arrive
simultaneously.

 Bus Schedule Coordination: Three bus routes arrive at the same bus stop at different intervals
(e.g., every 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes). To figure out when they will all arrive at the
same time again, you would need to find the LCM of their intervals.

 Classroom Bell System: In a school with different class lengths (e.g., 40 minutes, 50 minutes, and
60 minutes), the LCM can be used to determine when all classes will end or begin at the same time.

 Manufacturing Production Cycles: If different machines in a factory produce items at different


rates (e.g., one machine produces every 12 seconds, another every 15 seconds, and another every 20
seconds), the LCM helps figure out when all machines will finish a cycle together.

 Workout Routines: If someone is doing different exercises with varying rest intervals (e.g., one
exercise has a 10-second rest, another has a 15-second rest, and a third has a 25-second rest), the
LCM tells you when all exercises will synchronize for a rest period.

 Traffic Light Timing: At a large intersection with multiple traffic lights that operate on different
cycles (e.g., one changes every 30 seconds, another every 45 seconds, and another every 60
seconds), the LCM helps determine when all lights will change at the same time again.

 Music and Dance: If a dance routine involves different moves that repeat at different time
intervals (e.g., one move repeats every 8 counts, another every 12 counts), the LCM will help figure
out when all moves will align again in the routine.

 Plant Watering Schedules: If different plants need to be watered at different intervals (e.g., one
plant every 2 days, another every 3 days, and another every 5 days), the LCM can tell you when all
plants need to be watered on the same day again.

 Team Sports Practice: If different groups of athletes train for different durations (e.g., one group
trains for 20 minutes, another for 25 minutes, and another for 30 minutes), the LCM can tell you
when all groups will finish at the same time.

 Inventory Restocking: In a store that restocks different products at different intervals (e.g., one
product is restocked every 4 days, another every 6 days, and another every 10 days), the LCM will tell
you when all products will be restocked on the same day.

 Synchronizing Electricity Outages in Villages: In some areas where power cuts are scheduled for
maintenance, different villages might have different durations between outages (e.g., one village
experiences power cuts every 6 hours, another every 8 hours, and a third every 12 hours). The LCM
helps determine when all villages will experience the outage at the same time.

 Cultural Events in Schools: Indian schools often hold morning assemblies, PT periods, and special
activity classes, all at different intervals (e.g., every 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes). To
schedule a special event where all students are free at the same time, the LCM can help coordinate
timings.

 Water Tank Refill Scheduling: In urban housing societies, the water tanks of different buildings
might need refilling at different intervals (e.g., one building every 4 days, another every 6 days, and
another every 10 days). The LCM helps decide when all tanks will need to be refilled on the same
day.

 Public Bus Timings During Festive Seasons: During large festivals like Diwali or Holi, public buses
may run on special schedules (e.g., one route every 20 minutes, another every 30 minutes, and a
third every 50 minutes). The LCM helps find when all routes align so travelers can switch buses more
easily.

You might also like