The Research Dichotomy

LESSON 2:
the qualitative and

quantitative
research dichotomy
OBJECTIVES:
01 differentiate quantitative from qualitative
research
WE PREVIOUSLY LEARNED:
1. Basic Research - takes the form of a theory that
explains the phenomenon under investigation to give its
the four contribution to knowledge
2. Applied Research - pursues potential solutions to
types human & societal problems
3. Evaluative Research - studies the processes and
research outcomes aimed at attempted solution
ACCORDING TO FORM 4. Action Research - pursues potential solutions to solve
specific problems within a program/ organization/
community
1. Exploratory Research - Seeks to investigate an under-

the other researched aspect of social life
2. Descriptive Research - Seeks to richly describe an
three: aspect of social life
3. Explanatory Research - Seeks to explain an aspect of
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE social life
WE ALSO LEARNED: Ontology pertains to the nature or
object of social reality
philosophical Do you believe that there is a single,
beliefs: objective reality to all, one that can be
reassured objectively?
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Epistemology - links to the process or
act of knowing or acquiring knowledge
Do you believe that reality is subjective and
multiple, socially constructed, and therefore,
interpreted differently?
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
01 Difference between 02 Assumptions
Qualitative Research &
Quantitative Research
RESEARCH PARADIGM
A cluster of beliefs and dictates which for scientists in a
particular discipline influence what should be studied, how
research should be done, and how results should be
interpreted.
qualitative research
An inquiry process of understanding a social or human
problem based on building a complex,. Holistic picture,
formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants,
and conducted in a natural setting.
quantitative research
An inquiry into a social or human problem, based on testing
a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers,
and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to
determine whether the predictive generalizations of the
theory hold true.
QUALI & QUANTI RESEARCH
PARADIGM ASSUMPTIONS
a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and
ONTOLOGICAL relations of beings. It is a particular theory about the
nature of being or the kinds of things that have existence
Question Qualitative Quantitative
Reality is objective and

“out there” and singular,
Reality is subjective and apart from the researcher
What is the nature of
multiple as seen by and can be measured
reality?
participants in a study. objectively by using a
questionnaire or an
instrument.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL a theory of the nature and foundations of
knowledge
Researcher interacts with

that being researched. Reality is independent
Interaction may be in the from that being
What is the relationship of
form of living with or researched. In surveys
the researcher to that
observing informants and experiments (e.g., to
researched?
over a prolonged period control bias, a systematic
of time, or actual sampling)
collaboration.
the study of the nature of value and valuation, and of the
AXIOLOGICAL kinds of things that are valuable.
Value-free and unbiased,

Value-laden and biased
accomplished through
where in the researcher
entirely omitting
admits the value-laden
statements about values
nature of the study and
What is the role of from a written report, using
actively reports his or her
values? impersonal language and
values and biases, as well
reporting the “facts”
as the value nature of
arguing closely from the
information gathered
evidence gathered in the
from the field.
study.
the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing,
RHETORICAL especially the use of figures of speech and other
compositional techniques
Formal
Informal
Based on set definitions
Evolving decisions
Impersonal voice
What is the language Personal voice
Use of quantitative words
of research? Accepted qualitative
– “relationship,
words – “understanding,
comparison, or within-
discover, and meaning”
group”
METHODOLOGICAL relating to the system of methods used in a
particular area of study or activity.
Question Qualitative
Inductive process
Mutual simultaneous shaping of factors
Emerging design – categories identified during
What is the process of
research process
research?
Context-bound
Patterns, theories developed for understanding
Accurate and reliable through verification
relating to the system of methods used in a
METHODOLOGICAL particular area of study or activity.
Question Quantitative
Deductive process
Cause and effect
Static design – categories isolated before study
What is the process of
Context-free
research?
Generalizations leading to prediction, explanation,
and understanding
Accurate and reliable through validity and reliability
RECALL OF CONCEPTS BEFORE *THE* QUIZ:
01 Research Paradigm
02 Quantitative and Qualitative
03 Ontological, Epistemological,
Axiological, Rhetorical,
Methodological
QUIZ 3
PART ONE
1. A cluster of beliefs and dictates which for scientists in a CHOICES
particular discipline influence what should be studied, how A. paradigm
research should be done, and how results should be B. qualitative
interpreted. C. quantitative
2. An inquiry into a social or human problem, based on testing a
theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and
analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to determine
whether the predictive generalizations of the theory hold true.
3. An inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem
based on building a complex,. Holistic picture, formed with
words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted
in a natural setting.
QUIZ 3
PART TWO CHOICES
4. The qualitative approach is “Reality is subjective and multiple as seen by A. ontological
participants in a study”.
B. epistemological
5. The quantitative approach is the analysis of the cause and effect relationship
and is context free; accurate and reliable through validity and reliability. C. axiological
6. Refers to the art of persuasive speaking or writing. D. rhetorical
7. The study of the nature of value and valuation, and of the kinds of things that E. methodological
are valuable.
8. The qualitative approach to this assumption is “the researcher interacts with
that being researched. Interaction may be in the form of living with or observing
informants over a prolonged period of time, or actual collaboration.”
9. In this assumption, the language used in the qualitative study can be informal,
showcasing personal voice.
10. In this assumption, the question asked in the study is “What is the role of the
values?”

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LESSON 2:

the qualitative and

1. Exploratory Research - Seeks to investigate an under-

Question Qualitative Quantitative

Reality is objective and

Question Qualitative Quantitative

Researcher interacts with

Question Qualitative Quantitative

Value-free and unbiased,

Question Qualitative Quantitative

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