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    Exp 4 - Schering Bridge

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    u22ee078
    Schering bridge experiment

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exp 4 - Schering Bridge

    Uploaded by

    u22ee078
    11 views3 pages
    Schering bridge experiment

    Original Title

    Exp 4_Schering bridge

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Schering bridge experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views3 pages

    Exp 4 - Schering Bridge

    Uploaded by

    u22ee078
    Schering bridge experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Experiment 3

    Aim: To measure the value of unknown capacitance by Schering bridge.

    Apparatus: Schering bridge kit, connecting wires, 230 V AC supply, 3 unknown capacitors, audio
    amplifier.

    Theory:
     It is one of the very important and useful methods of measuring the capacitance and
    dielectric losses of a capacitor. In fact, it is a device for comparing an imperfect capacitance
    CX in terms of loss free standard capacitance C2.
     For high voltage applications, the voltage is applied at the junction as shown. Since,
    capacitor impedances at low frequencies are much higher than resistance, most of the
    voltage will appear across capacitor. So, grounding the junction provides safety to the
    operator from high voltage hazard while making balancing adjustment.
     A basic capacitance bridge as shown in Figure is known as Schering bridge. One of the
    ratio arms has a variable resistance in parallel with capacitance opposite arm is unknown
    ‘C’. Other two are multiplier arm and fixed capacitor.

    Figure: Schering Bridge


    Derivation:

    General bridge balance equation

    ZxZ1 =Z2Z3

    From the bridge circuit


    1 1 𝑅 1
    (Rx + 𝑗𝜔𝐶 )((1+𝑗𝜔𝑅 ) = R2(𝑗𝜔𝐶 )
    𝑥 1 𝐶1 ) 2

    Substitute of these values in the bridge balance equation

    1 1 𝑅 1
    Zx = (Rx + 𝑗𝜔𝐶 ) ; 𝑍1 = ((1+𝑗𝜔𝑅 )
    ) ; Z2 = R2; Z3 = 𝑗𝜔𝐶 ,
    𝑥 1 𝐶1 2

    Where Rx = ohmic resistance of capacitor Cx


    R2 = selected resistance

    Separating real and imaginary parts field


    𝐶
    Rx = R2 𝐶1
    2

    𝑅1
    Cx = C2𝑅2

    Features:

    The board consists of following built in parts


     The Schering bridge circuit with given values
     ± 12 V DC at 100 mA, IC regulated power supply, internally connected.
     1 𝑘𝐻𝑧 sine wave oscillator having output 0-15 Vpp
     Audio amplifier and speaker for null detector.
     Three unknown value of capacitors selectable by a band switch.
     Potentiometer for balancing the bridge.
     Band switch to select one form 6 different values of resistance.
     Adequate no. of path cords stackable 4 mm length 50cm.
     Adequate no. of other electronic components.
     Main ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
     The unit is operative on 230 V ± 10% at 50 Hz AC mains.
     Good quality, reliable terminal/socket are provided at appropriate places on panel for
    connections/observation of waveforms.
    Procedure:

     Connect the oscillator of 1kHz to the bridge circuit.


     Take any unknown capacitor Cx by rotating knob.
     Adjust the value of R2 in such a way that the speaker makes minimum noise.
     Note down the value of R2 calculate Cx from Schering bridge equation.
     Take 3 readings for each value of Cx and calculate the mean to find out the closest value of
    Cx with minimum error.

    Observation Table:

    Sr. No. R1 R2 C1 C2 𝑅1 𝐶 Value of


    Cx = C2𝑅2 Rx = R2 𝐶1
    (kΩ) (kΩ) µF µF 2 unknown
    µF Ω Capacitance
    1 1.5 2.55 0.001 0.47
    2 2 3.47 0.001 0.47
    3 2.5 4.3 0.001 0.47
    1 1.5 1.99 0.001 0.47
    2 2 2.60 0.001 0.47
    3 2.5 3.25 0.001 0.47
    1 1.5 1.4 0.001 0.47
    2 2 1.9 0.001 0.47
    3 2.5 2.3 0.001 0.47

    Conclusion:

    The Schering bridge circuit can be used to calculate the value of unknown capacitor and hence
    provide idea about the dielectric losses taking place in the circuit.

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