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Yeast
 Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled
microorganisms classified as members of
the fungus kingdom.

It converts carbohydrates to carbon

dioxide and alcohols in a process known
as fermentation.
Mushroom
Mushroom
Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bisporus is not particularly
common in the wild. The wild field
Mushroom and the Horse Mushroom
springs up in fields and appears after rain.

The specific name bisporus refers to the

fact that each of the basidia bear just two
spores - most Agaricus species have four-
spored basidia.
Papaya
 Papaya
Carica papaya
Papaya belongs to the family Caricaceae.

It originated from Central America, and is

now grown in all tropical countries and
many subtropical regions of the world.

It lives for about 5–10 years, and normally

grows with a single unbranched trunk.
Cheetah
 Cheetah
Acinonyx jubatus The cheetah is a large cat native to Africa
and central Iran. It is the fastest land
animal, capable of running at 80 to 128
km/h.

It has several adaptations for speed,

including a light build, long thin legs and a
long tail.
Water hyacinth
Water hyacinth
Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth is a free-floating
perennial aquatic plant (or hydrophyte)
native to the Amazon basin, and is often a
highly problematic invasive species
outside its native range.

With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves,

water hyacinth may rise above the
surface of the water as much as 1 meter
in height.
Sandalwood
Sandalwood
Santalum album Sandalwood is a class of woods from
trees in the genus Santalum.

The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-

grained, and, unlike many other aromatic
woods, they retain their fragrance for
decades.

Sandalwood oil is extracted from the

woods for use.
Chickpea or gram
Chickpea or gram
Cicer arietinum The chickpea or chick pea is an annual
legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily
Faboideae.

Its different types are variously known as

gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or
garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea.

Chickpea seeds are high in protein.

House fly
 House fly
Musca domestica
The housefly is a fly believed to have
evolved in the Cenozoic Era, possibly in
the Middle East, and has spread all over
the world as a commensal of humans.

It is the most common fly species found in

houses.
Sheep
 Sheep
Ovis aries Sheep are quadrupedal, ruminant
mammals typically kept as livestock.

Like most ruminants, sheep are members

of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed
ungulates.

Although the name sheep applies to

many species in the genus Ovis, in
everyday usage it almost always refers to
Ovis aries.
Periwinkle
 Periwinkle
Catharanthus roseus Catharanthus is a genus of flowering
plants in the family Apocynaceae, native
to Europe, northwest Africa and
southwest Asia.
They are often used as groundcover in
garden landscapes and container
gardens.
They are also traditionally used in older
cemeteries as an evergreen maintenance-
free ground cover.Many cultivars are
available, with different plant, leaf, and
flower colors, sizes, and habits.
Garden lizard
 Garden lizard
Calotes versicolor
The oriental garden lizard, eastern garden
lizard, bloodsucker or changeable lizard is
an agamid lizard found widely distributed
in indo-Malaya.

It has also been introduced in many other

parts of the world.
Teak tree
 Teak tree
Tectona grandis
Teak is a large deciduous tree up to 40 m
(131 ft) tall with grey to greyish-brown
branches, known for its high quality
wood. Its leaves are ovate-elliptic to
ovate, 15–45 cm long by 8–23 cm wide,
and are held on robust petioles which are
2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long.

In shape they resemble those of the

tobacco plant, but their substance is hard
and the surface rough.
Pea
 Pea
Pisum sativum The pea is most commonly the small
spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod
fruit. Each pod contains several peas,
which can be green or yellow.

Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they

contain seeds and develop from the ovary
of a (pea) flower.
Tobacco
 Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco is the common name of several
plants in the Nicotiana genus and the
Solanaceae family, and the general term
for any product prepared from the cured
leaves of the tobacco plant.

More than 70 species of tobacco are

known, but the chief commercial crop is N.
tabacum.
Cotton
 Cotton
Gossypium herbaceum
The fibre of the seedpod is used in
making clothes, rubber-tyre fabrics,
stuffing material for pillows, cushions,
surgical dressings, making ropes, carpets
etc.

The plant stems can be used for making

paper.
Neem
 Neem
Azadirachta indica Neem leaves are dried and placed in
cupboards to prevent insects damaging
the clothes, and also put in the grain
storage.

Neem products are believed by Siddha

and Ayurvedic practitioners to be
anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic,
antibacterial, contraceptive, and sedative.
Peepal
 Peepal
Ficus religiosa
It is used in traditional medicine for
different types of disorders including
asthma, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy,
gastric problems, inflammatory disorders,
infectious and sexual disorders.
Sugar Cane
 Sugar Cane
Saccharum barberi
It is cut and processed to extract sugar.
The crop residue is known as bagasse and
is used for feeding livestock and as fuel. It
is processed into fibreboard and paper.
Molasses is formed during the refining
process and is used in the manufacture of
confectionery products, rum, gin and
industrial alcohol.
Sun flower
 Sun flower
Helianthus annuus
Sunflower oil, extracted from the seeds, is
used for cooking, and to produce
margarine and biodiesel, as it is cheaper
than olive oil. The oil is also sometimes
used in soap.
Mango
 Mango
Mangifera indica Mango is native to the Indian
subcontinent. It is the national fruit of
India, Pakistan and the Philippines and
the national tree of Bangladesh.
Hundreds of cultivated varieties have
been introduced to other warm regions of
the world.
The species was assessed and first
named in botanical nomenclature by
Linnaeus in 1753.
Apple
 Apple
Malus domestica
An apple is an edible fruit produced by an
apple tree.

Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and

are the most widely grown species in the
genus Malus.

The tree originated in Central Asia.

Strawberry
 Strawberry
Fragaria virginiana The fruit is known for its characteristic
aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and
sweetness.
It is consumed in large quantities, either
fresh or as jam, juice, ice cream,
milkshakes, etc.
Artificial strawberry flavorings and
aromas are also widely used in products
such as candy, soap, lip gloss, perfume,
and many others.
Sweet Potato
Sweet Potato
Ipomoea batatas
Sweet potato is native to tropical
America.
Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous
roots are used as vegetable. The young
leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten
as greens. The sweet potato is commonly
thought to be a type of potato but does
not belong to the nightshade family,
Solanaceae, but both families belong to
the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.
Banana
 Banana
Musa paradisiaca
Banana is the common name for
herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and
for the fruit they produce.

It is one of the oldest cultivated plants.

All parts of the banana plant have

medicinal applications.
Banyan
 Banyan
Ficus benghalensis Banyan is native to India and Pakistan, is
a type of fig.

Aerial roots hang down from the

branches and these eventually become
trunks.

This circle of trunks deriving from one

original tree can reach an enormous size
of upto 200 metres in diameter and 30
metres in height.
Touch me Not
Touch me Not
Mimosa pudica The leaflets close when stimulated by
touching, warming, blowing, shaking etc.
These types of movements are termed
seismonastic movements. This reflex may
have evolved as a defense mechanism to
evade predators, or alternatively to shade
the plant in order to reduce water losses
due to evaporation. The main structure
mechanistically responsible for the
drooping of the leaves is the pulvinus.
Potato
 Potato
Solanum tuberosum The potato is native to the Americas,
originating in modern-day Peru.

The plant belongs to the nightshade

family, Solanaceae.

The starch rich tuber is a staple food in

many parts of the world and is an integral
part of much of the world's food supply
Peacock
 Peacock
Pavo cristatus
In 1963, the peacock was declared the
National Bird of India because of its rich
religious and legendary involvement in
Indian traditions.

The bird is well-distributed within the

country and is easily recognisable by
common men. It is also distinct from any
other bird emblem of any country.
Fox
 Fox
Vulpes vulpes The red fox is the largest among the foxes
and one of the most widely distributed
members of the order Carnivora.

It is present across the entire Northern

Hemisphere including most of North
America, Europe, Asia and parts of
Northern Africa.
Tomato
 Tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum The tomato is the edible, red or yellowish
berry.

Numerous varieties of the tomato plant

are widely grown in temperate climates
across the world, with greenhouses
allowing for the production of tomatoes
throughout all seasons of the year.
Onion
 Onion
Allium cepa
Onion, is a worldwide culinary and
therapeutic spice belonging to the family
Liliaceae.

The genus contain organic sulfur

compounds that are absorbed through
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and
converted to antioxidants.
Radish
 Radish
Raphanus sativus Radish is an edible root vegetable of the
family Brassicaceae.

They are grown and consumed

throughout the world, being mostly eaten
raw as a crunchy salad vegetable.

There are numerous varieties, varying in

size, flavor, color, and length of time they
take to mature.
Tiger
 Tiger
Panthera tigris
The tiger is our National Pride. It is the
biggest species of the cat family.

Many subspecies of the tiger are either

endangered or already extinct.

Humans are the primary cause of this

through hunting and the destruction of
habitats.
Horse
 Horse
Equus caballus Horses are adaptable and occupy a wide
variety of habitats under domestication.

Preferred habitats are cool, temperate

grasslands, steppes, and savannahs, but
they also occupy semi-deserts, swamps,
marshes, and woodlands.

Domestication of horses has led to wide

variation in the characteristics of breeds
of horses. Coats vary in color, from white
to black, reds, browns, and yellow.
Carrot
 Carrot
Daucus carota
The carrot is a root vegetable which is
crunchy, tasty, and highly nutritious. They
are a good source of beta carotene, fiber,
vitamin A, potassium, and antioxidants.

They’re a weight-loss-friendly food and

have been linked to lower cholesterol
levels and improved eye health.
Brinjal
 Brinjal
Solanum melongena Brinjal is grown worldwide for its edible
fruit.

Most commonly purple, the spongy,

absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines.
Typically used as a vegetable in cooking,
it is a berry by botanical definition.

As a member of the genus Solanum, it is

related to the tomato and potato.
Wolf
 Wolf
Canis lupus
The wolf or the gray wolf, is a large
canine native to Eurasia and North
America. More than thirty subspecies of
Canis lupus have been recognized.

The global wild wolf population was

estimated to be 300,000 in 2003 and is
considered to be of Least Concern by the
International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN)
Lion
 Lion
The lion is a species in the family Felidae
Panthera leo and a member of the genus Panthera.

It is a social species, forming groups

called prides. A lion pride consists of a
few adult males, related females and
cubs.

The lion is an apex and keystone

predator.

Typically, the lion inhabits grasslands

and savannas, but is absent in dense
forests.
Elephant
 Elephant
Loxodonta africana
The African bush elephant or the African
savanna elephant, is the largest living
terrestrial animal with bulls reaching a
shoulder height of up to 3.96 m (13.0 ft).

It is a herbivore, feeding on grasses,

creepers, herbs, leaves and bark.

It is distributed across 37 African

countries and inhabits forests, grasslands
and woodlands, wetlands and
agricultural land.
Ginger
 Ginger
Zingiber officinale
Ginger is a flowering plant whose
rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely
used as a spice and a folk medicine.

It is a herbaceous perennial and produces

clusters of white and pink flower buds
that bloom into yellow flowers.
Dog
 Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
The dog is a domesticated carnivoran of
the family Canidae. It is part of the wolf-
like canids, and is the most widely
abundant terrestrial carnivore.

Their long association with humans has

led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human
behavior and they are able to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate
for other canids.
Cat
 Cat
Felis catus The cat is a domestic species of small
carnivorous mammal.

It is the only domesticated species in the

family Felidae and is often referred to as
the domestic cat to distinguish it from the
wild members of the family.

Domestic cats are valued by humans for

companionship and their ability to hunt
rodents.
Turmeric
 Turmeric
Curcuma longa Turmeric has been used for thousands of
years as a remedy in the traditional Indian
and folk medicine for the cure of a large
variety of illnesses, such as inflammation,
infectious diseases, and gastric, hepatic,
and blood disorders.

Curcumin is a major isolated polyphenol

from the rhizome of turmeric. It has a
wide range of pharmacological effects
such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antimicrobial, antitumor, and
hepatoprotective activities.
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