Case of Madagascar

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Partie 1

In Madagascar, women's rights have seen advancements, yet they also face
persistent challenges. Here is an overview of the current situation:
Education: Efforts have been made to promote girls' education, but enrollment
rates remain lower than boys', especially in rural areas. Financial, social, and
cultural barriers continue to hinder girls' access to education.

Political Participation: Although the Malagasy Constitution guarantees equality


of rights between men and women, women's political representation remains low.
They are underrepresented in political and governmental institutions, despite
ongoing initiatives to increase their political participation.

Gender-Based Violence: Gender-based violence against women remains a


serious issue in Madagascar. Domestic violence and early marriage are prevalent.
Despite the adoption of laws aimed at protecting women from these forms of
violence (The law number 2019-008 concerning gender-based violence of
December 13, 2019), their implementation and enforcement often fall short.

Access to Healthcare: Malagasy women face obstacles in accessing healthcare,


especially in rural areas. Maternal and infant mortality rates remain high, and
access to family planning and reproductive health services is limited for many
women.
Economy: Women often encounter discrimination in the labor market, with lower
salaries than men for similar work. Many women work in the informal sector,
where they have less access to social protection and benefits compared to formal
employment.

Part 02: In the case of Domestic violence


In Madagascar, domestic violence can take various forms, including physical
assaults, verbal abuse, psychological violence, sexual assaults, and other
coercive or violent behaviors perpetrated by an intimate partner. These acts of
violence have devastating consequences on the physical and mental health of
women, as well as on their social and economic well-being.
The contributing factors to domestic violence in Madagascar are diverse and may
include societal and cultural norms unfavorable to women, gender power
imbalances, lack of access to justice and support services, as well as other forms
of social and economic stress.
According to AD763: Domestic violence is still considered a private matter by
Malagasy society.
The Malagasy government has implemented measures to combat domestic
violence, including the adoption of laws aimed at protecting women's rights and
the establishment of support services for victims. However, challenges persist
regarding the implementation of these laws, access to justice, and public
awareness.
Civil society organizations and women's rights advocacy groups play a crucial
role in raising awareness about domestic violence, providing support to survivors,
and promoting social change to end these forms of violence.

Among these women's rights advocacy groups, we can cite the Women Lead
Movement as an example. Their work aims to "promote gender equality at the
community level, as well as active and participatory citizenship, crucial elements
for ensuring good governance, strengthening democracy, promoting social
justice, and ensuring respect for the Constitution and human rights. They are
committed to fulfilling the aspirations of the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals, notably goals 5, 10, and 16, and to upholding the principles
outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)."

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