22.

𝐵 = 25𝜇𝑇
23. 𝜇𝑜 𝐼𝑎2
𝐼2 = 0.56𝐴, 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐵 = 3
2(𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 )2
24. 3 𝜇𝑜 𝐼
𝐵 = 1.57 × 10−3 𝑇, 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵 = ×
4 2𝑅
25. 𝐹
(𝑎), 𝑓 = 10−4 𝑁𝑚−1 , (𝑏)𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜. 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝑓 = = 𝐼𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑙
26. 𝐹 = 0.1𝑁, 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐹 = 𝐼𝑙𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
27. (𝑖)𝜏 = 0, (𝑖𝑖)𝐹 = 2.67𝜇𝑁, 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒
28. (𝑖)𝑁 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 24 𝑡𝑜 30. 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐼𝑠 ∞𝑁
(𝑖𝑖)𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑁
𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝑉𝑠 ∞
𝑅
29. 𝑉𝑠 , = 0.75𝑉𝑠 ; 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 25%.
30. 𝐺 = 40Ω
𝑉 𝑉
𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡: =
980 + 𝐺 2(470 + 𝐺)
41. 𝑎) 1.89 × 10−4 𝑇
42. 𝑐)1 /6
43. d) Perpendicular to the magnetic field.
44. a) Poles are cylindrically cut
45. 𝑑) 𝐷, 𝐵
46 𝑏) 𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙
47. 𝑐) 0.03𝑁
48 𝑑) 0.5𝐴
49 𝑎) (𝐸 )/𝐵
50 𝑏) 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
51. 1. 𝑐) 8𝑚/𝑠
2. 𝑏) 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑, 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 3. 𝑎) 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
4. 𝑑) 2.2 × 10−9 𝐶𝑚−2
52. 1. 𝑎) 0.06𝐴𝑚2
2. 𝑎) − 1.8 × 10−2 𝑗̂𝑁𝑚 3. 𝑎) − 1.8 × 10−2 𝑗̂𝑁𝑚
4. 𝑏) 𝑁𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
53. 1. 𝑎) 𝐼𝑙𝐵 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑣 2𝑚
2. 𝑑) 3. 𝑏) 60𝑁
2𝐼𝑙𝐵
4. 𝑑) 0.65

84
85
 1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. How does the pole strength and magnetic moment of each part of a bar magnet change if it is cut into
two equal pieces transverse to its length.
2. Can two magnetic lines of force intersect? Justify your answer.
3. Magnetic lines of force always forms closed loops. Comment.
4. How are magnetic field lines different from electrostatic field lines.
5. Why is a current loop considered a magnetic dipole?
6. Why is diamagnetism independent of temperature?
7. What happens when a diamagnetic substance is placed in a varying magnetic field?
8. How can paramagnetic and diamagnetic material rods be distinguished in a magnetic field?
9. An iron bar is heated to 1000°C and then cooled in a magnetic field free space-will it retain magnetism?
10. A certain region is to be shielded from magnetic fields. Suggest a method.
2 MARK QUESTIONS

1. A coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound and rewound to make another coil of
radius R/2, current remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of the new coil and
the original coil.
2. Define ‘intensity of magnetization’ of a magnetic material. How does it vary with temperature for a
paramagnetic material?
3. Two identical bars, one of paramagnetic material and other of diamagnetic material are kept in a
uniform external magnetic field parallel to it. Draw diagrammatically the modifications in the magnetic
field pattern in each case.
4. State any four properties of magnetic field lines.
5. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is -0.085. Identify the magnetic type of the substance. A
specimen of this material is kept in a uniform magnetic field. Draw the modified field pattern.
6. A bar magnet is held perpendicular to a uniform field, Find the angle by which the magnet is to be
rotated so that the torque acting on it becomes half.
7. A magnet of magnetic moment 2J/T is aligned in the direction of magnetic field of 0.1T, What is the net
work done to bring the magnet normal to the magnetic field?
8. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30º with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.50T
experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 9.0x10-2J. What is the magnetic moment of the magnet?
9. Three identical specimens of magnetic materials Nickel, Antimony, Aluminium are kept in a uniform
magnetic field. Draw the modification in the field lines in each case. Justify your answer.
10. The relative magnetic permeability of a magnetic material is 800. Identify the nature of the magnetic
material and state its two properties.

86
 3 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Two magnets of magnetic moments M and M√3 are joined to form a cross. The combination is
suspended in a uniform magnetic field B. The magnetic moment M now makes an angle θ with the field
direction. Find the value of angle θ.

2. The magnetic moment of a current loop is 2.1x10-25Am2. Find the magnetic field on the axis of the loop
at a distance of 1.0Aº from the loop.
3. An iron ring of relative permeability µr has windings of insulated copper wire of n turns per metre.
When the current in the windings is I, find the expression for the magnetic field in the ring.
4. What is the basic difference between the atom or molecule of a diamagnetic and paramagnetic material?
5. From molecular point of view, discuss the temperature dependence of susceptibility for diamagnetism,
paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.
6. A ball of superconducting material is dipped in liquid nitrogen and placed near a bar magnet. (i) In which
direction will it move? (ii) What will be the direction of its magnetic moment?
7. The following figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetization versus the applied magnetic field
intensity, H, for two magnetic materials A and B.

(a) Identify the materials A and B

(b) For the material A, plot the variation of
intensity of magnetisation versus temperature.

8. The following figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetisation versus the applied magnetic field
intensity, H, for two magnetic materials A and B.
a) Identify the material A and B b) Draw the variation of susceptibility with temperature for B.

9. A planar loop of irregular shape encloses an area of 7.5x10-4 m2 and carries a current of 12A. The sense
of flow of current appears to be clockwise to an observer. What is the magnitude and direction of the
magnetic moment vector associated with the current loop?

87
11. A current of 3A flows through a plane circular coil of radius 4cm and having 20 number of turns. The
coil has been placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5T. Find 1) dipole moment of the coil 2) potential
energy of the dipole.

ANSWER KEY
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.i) pole strength remains same.
ii)magnetic moment of each part is halved.
2. No
3. Magnetic poles always exist in pairs.
4. Electric field lines do not form closed loops, but magnetic field lines form closed loops.
5. A current loop possesses a magnetic dipole moment and it experiences a torque in a magnetic field.
6. The induced dipole moment in a diamagnetic sample is always opposite to the magnetising field no
matter what the internal motion of the atom is.
7. Tend to move from stronger to weaker parts of the field.
8. When suspended freely in a magnetic field the paramagnetic rod sets itself parallel to the field and the
diamagnetic rod sets itself perpendicular to the field.
9. Iron loses its magnetism when heated to 1000°C and it does regain its magnetism.
10. Surround the region by soft iron rings. Magnetic field lines will be drawn into the rings, and the
enclosed space will be free of magnetic field.
2 MARK QUESTIONS
1. If L is the length of the wire, then
L = N×(2πR) = N′ 2πR/2
Let the number of turns in new coil be N′=2N
Original magnetic moment, M=NIA= NIπR2
New magnetic moment,
M′ = N′IA′ = 2NI × (πR/2)2 = NI × πR2/2
M′/M = 1/2= 1:2
2. The intensity of magnetization of a paramagnetic material varies inversely with its temperature.
3. i) A para magnetic material develops feeble magnetization in the direction of the magnetizing field.
Hence the lines of force become denser in the paramagnetic material.
ii)Lines of force become less dense in the diamagnetic material.
4. a) magnetic field lines are closed curves.
b) never cross each other.
c) tangent to the field line at any point gives the direction of magnetic field in that region.
d) relative closeness of the field line gives the strength of the field.
5. As the susceptibility has a small negative value, the given material is diamagnetic in nature.

88
6. τ1=mB sin 90=mB
Τ2=mB sinθ=mB/2
Sinθ=1/2 θ=30º
7. W=MB(cosθ1-cosθ2)
=2x0.1x(cos0-cos90)
=0.2J
8. m=τ/Bsinθ
=9.0x10-2 /0.5xsin30
=0.36J/T
9. Nickel -ferromagnetic
Antimony-diamagnetic
Aluminium-paramagnetic
10.As relative magnetic permeability is large, it is ferromagnetic.
1)they are strongly attracted by magnets.
2)susceptibility is positive and large.
3 MARK QUESTIONS
1. In the position of equilibrium
MBsinθ= √3 MBsin(90-θ) =√3 MBcosθ
2. The current loop is a magnetic dipole.
So Baxial=µ0 2m/4πr3 =4.2X10-2 T
3. The magnetic field inside the ring has constant magnitude and tangential direction at every point.
Total number of turns in the windings=2πrn
I enclosed =2πrnI
From Amperes circuital law, we have
BX2πr=µ0 µrx2πrnI
B=µ0µr nI
4.In a diamagnetic substance, the electrons occur in pairs and their magnetic moments cancel out. The net
magnetic moment of the atom is zero.
In a paramagnetic substance, the atoms have a net dipole moment due to the presence of some unpaired
electron or due to the non-cancellation of the spins of two electrons.
5. Diamagnetism is due to orbital motion of electrons developing magnetic moments opposite to applied
field and hence is not much affected by temperature.
Para magnetism and ferromagnetism is due to alignments of atomic magnetic moments in the direction of
the applied field. As temperature increases, this alignment is disturbed and hence susceptibilities of both
decrease as temperature increases.
6. As the ball is dipped in liquid nitrogen, its temperature becomes less than the critical

89
temperature and it becomes a super conductor and it becomes diamagnetic. The ball moves away
from the bar magnet.
7.The slop of the graph gives susceptibility of the material. Material A is paramagnetic and material B is
ferromagnetic.

8. For material A, the susceptibility is small and positive, so it is paramagnetic.

For material B the susceptibility is small and negative, so it is diamagnetic.

9.Magnetic moment associated with the loop is m=IA

=12X7.5X10-4 =9.0X10-3J/T
The direction of magnetic moment is along the normal to the plane of the loop away from the observer.
10 1). m=NIA=0.3 Am2
2) U= -mB=-0.15J
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS(5MARKS)
1. Derive an expression for the torque experienced by a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field.
Hence obtain the expression for potential energy of the dipole.
2. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.16 T
experience a torque of magnitude 0.032 J. (a) estimate the magnetic moment of the magnet. (b) If the
bar were free to rotate, which orientation would correspond to its (i) stable (ii) unstable equilibrium?
(c) What is its potential energy in the field for (i) stable (ii) unstable equilibrium?
3. (a)Distinguish the magnetic properties of dia, para and ferromagnetic substances in terms of (i)
susceptibility (ii) permeability. Give one example of each of these materials.
(b) Draw the field lines due to an external magnetic field near a (i) diamagnetic (ii) ferromagnetic
substance
(c)Why does the magnetisation of a paramagnetic material decrease on cooling?
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 mark)
1. The domain formation is a necessary feature of
(a) diamagnetism
(b) Para magnetism
(c) ferromagnetism

90
(d) all of these

2. A bar magnet is cut into two equal halves by a plane parallel to the magnetic axis. Of the following
physical quantities, the one which remains unchanged is
(a) pole strength
(b) magnetic moment
(c) intensity of magnetisation
(d) None of these
3. Curie temperature is the temperature above which
(a) a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic
(b) a paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic
(c) a ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic
(d) a paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic
4.The susceptibility of a ferromagnetic material is χ at 27°C. At what temperature will its susceptibility be
0.5 χ ?
(a) 54°C
(b) 327°C
(c) 600°C
(d) 237°C
5. Relative permittivity and permeability of a material are εr and μr, respectively. Which of the following
values of these quantities are allowed for a diamagnetic material?
(a) εr=1.5, µr=0.5
(b) εr=0.5, µr=0.5
(c) εr=1.5, µr=1.5
(d) εr=0.5, µr=1.5
6. Consider the given statements with respect to the figure showing a bar of diamagnetic material placed
in an external magnetic field.

I. The field lines are repelled or expelled and the field inside the material is reduced
II. When placed in a non–uniform magnetic field, the bar will tend to move from high to low field.
III. Reduction in the field inside the material is slight, being one part in 105.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) I and II
(b) I and III
91
(c) II and III
(d) I, II and III
7. If a magnetic dipole of moment M situated in the direction of a magnetic field B is rotated by 180°, then
the amount of work done is
(a) MB
(b) 2MB
(c)MB/√2
(d) √MB
8. A curve between magnetic moment and temperature of a magnet is

9. The relative permeability of a medium is 0.075. What is its

magnetic susceptibility?
(a) 0.925
(b) – 0.925
(c) 1.075
(d) -1.075
11. Needles N1, N2 and N3 are made of a ferromagnetic, a paramagnetic and a diamagnetic substance
respectively. A magnet when brought close to them will
(a) attract N1 and N2 strongly but repel N3
(b) attract N1 strongly, N2 weakly and repel N3 weakly
(c) attract N1 strongly, but repel N2 and N3 weakly
(d) attract all three of them
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

92
1) Assertion: If a compass needle be kept at magnetic north pole of the earth the compass needle may stay in
any direction.
Reason: Dip needle will stay vertical at the north pole of earth
ANSWER: (b)
2) Assertion: Diamagnetic materials can exhibit magnetism.
Reason: Diamagnetic materials have permanent magnetic dipole moment.
ANSWER: (c)
3) Assertion: Electromagnetic are made of soft iron.
Reason: Coercivity of soft iron is small.
ANSWER: (b)
4)Assertion: A paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetic field) when cooled.
Reason: The magnetisation does not depend on temperature.
ANSWER: (d)
5)Assertion: The poles of magnet cannot be separated by breaking into two pieces.
Reason: The magnetic moment will be reduced to half when a magnet is broken into two equal pieces.
ANSWER: (b)

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

1. In small fields, ferromagnetic materials typically have much larger susceptibility, and therefore larger
permeability than paramagnetic materials. Ferromagnetism results because of spontaneous, self-
aligning, cooperative interaction among relatively large number of iron atoms in regions called
domains. As a result of molecular interactions the molecular magnetic moments in each domain are
aligned parallel to one another. In other words, each domain is spontaneously magnetised to saturation
even in the absence of any external magnetic field. The directions of magnetisation in different
domains are random, so that the resultant magnetisation is zero and the specimen is un-magnetised.

(i) What changes will occur in specimen on placing it inside a solenoid and increasing H
(magnetising intensity)?
(a) Intensity of magnetisation decreases
(b) Intensity of magnetisation increases
(c) Magnetic susceptibility of specimen increases
(d) Magnetic susceptibility of specimen decreases
(ii) With an increase in temperature, magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnetic
material____________
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) Remains constant
(d) First increases and then decreases

93
 (iii) For a diamagnetic material, which of the following option is correct?
(a) Magnetic susceptibility < 0
(b) Magnetic susceptibility > 0
(c) Magnetic susceptibility = 0
(d) Magnetic susceptibility = 1
(iv) The property possessed by a ferromagnetic substance only is
(a) Hysteresis
(b) Susceptibility
(c) Directional property
(d) Strong attraction of magnetic substance
2. By analogy to Gauss’s law of electrostatics, we can write Gauss’s law of magnetism as ∫ B. dS = 0.
We do not have an isolated magnetic pole in nature. At least none has been found to exist till date.
The smallest unit of source of magnetic field is a magnetic dipole where the net magnetic pole is
zero. Hence, the net magnetic pole enclosed by any closed surface is always zero. Correspondingly,
the flux of the magnetic field through any close surface is zero.

Consider the two idealised systems:

(i) (I) A parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and
(II) A long solenoid of length L>>R the radius of cross section.
In case (I) 𝐸̅ is ideally treated as a constant between the plates and zero outside. In (II)
magnetic field B is constant inside the solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions,
however, contradict fundamental laws as
(a) Case (I) agrees with ∫ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑙 = 0
(b) Case (II) contradicts ∫ 𝐵. 𝑑𝑙 = I
(c) Case (II) contradicts Gauss’s law for magnetic fields
(d) Case (I) contradicts Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields.
(ii) Net magnetic flux through any closed surface kept in a magnetic field is
(a) Zero
(b) µ0/2𝜋
(c) 2𝜋𝜇0
(d) 4 𝜇0/𝜋

94
 (iii) A closed surface S encloses a magnetic dipole of magnetic moment 2ml. The magnetic flux
emerging from the surface
(a) µ0 m
(b) 2 µ0 m
(c) 2m/ µ0
(d) Zero
(iv) The surface integral of a magnetic field over a surface is
(a) Proportional to mass enclosed
(b) Proportional to charge enclosed
(c) Zero
(d) Equal to its magnetic flux through that surface
3. Before the 19th century, scientists believed that magnetic properties were confined to a few materials
like iron, cobalt and nickel. But in 1846, Curie and Faraday discovered that all the materials in the
universe are magnetic to some extent. These magnetic substances are categorised in two groups. Weak
magnetic materials are called diamagnetic and para magnetic materials. Strong magnetic materials
are called ferromagnetic materials. According to the modern theory of magnetism, the magnetic
response of any material is due to circulating electrons in the atoms. Each such electron has a magnetic
moment in a direction perpendicular to the plane of circulation. In magnetic materials all these
magnetic moments due to the orbit and spin motion of all the electrons in any atom vectorially add
up to a resultant magnetic moment. The magnitude and direction of these resultant magnetic moment
is responsible for the behaviour of the materials. For diamagnetic materials χ is small and negative
and for paramagnetic materials χ is small and positive. Ferromagnetic materials have a large χ and are
characterised by non–linear relation between 𝐵̅ and 𝐻 ̅.
(i) The universal (or inherent) property among all substance is
(a) Diamagnetism
(b) Para magnetism
(c) Ferromagnetism
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(ii) When a bar is placed near a strong magnetic field and it is repelled, then the material of the
bar is
(a) Diamagnetic
(b) Ferromagnetic
(c) Paramagnetic
(d) Anti-ferromagnetic
(iii) Magnetic susceptibility of a diamagnetic substance
(a) Decreases with temperature
(b) Is not affected by temperature
(c) Increases with temperature
(d) First increases then decreases with temperature

95
 (iv) For a para magnetic material, the dependence of the magnetic susceptibility χ on the absolute
temperature is given as
(a) χ ∝ T
(b) χ ∝ 1/T2
(c) χ ∝ 1/T
(d) independent
4. There exists a perfect diamagnet, namely, a superconductor. This is a metal at very low
temperatures. In this case χ = –1, µr = 0, µ= 0. The external magnetic field is totally expelled.
Interestingly, this material is also a perfect conductor. However, there exists no classical theory
which ties these two properties together. A quantum-mechanical theory by Bardeen, Cooper, and
Schrieffer (BCS theory) explains these effects. The BCS theory was proposed in1957 and was
eventually recognised by a Nobel Prize in physics in 1970.

1. The value of magnetic susceptibility for a superconductor is

(a) Zero
(b) Infinity
(c) +1
(d) -1
2. Superconductors are
(a) Insulators
(b) Semiconductors
(c) Conductors
(d) Perfect conductors
3. Resistance of a superconductor is
(a) Infinite
(b) Zero
(c) Maximum
(d) Minimum
4. Which of the following is a property of superconductors?
(a) Meissner Effect
(b) Hall Effect
(c) Photoelectric effect
(d) Doppler effect

96
5. A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but
is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic
materials, such as iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, etc. and attracts or repels other magnets.
A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own
persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on
a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly
attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). The resemblance of magnetic
field lines for a bar magnet and a solenoid suggest that a bar magnet may be thought of as a
large number of circulating currents in analogy with a solenoid. Cutting a bar magnet in half is
like cutting a solenoid. We get two smaller solenoids with weaker magnetic properties. The
field lines remain continuous, emerging from one face of the solenoid and entering into the
other face. One can test this analogy by moving a small compass needle in the neighbourhood
of a bar magnet and a current-carrying finite solenoid and noting that the deflections of the
needle is similar in both cases.

The arrangement of iron filings surrounding a

bar magnet. The pattern mimics magnetic field
lines. The pattern suggests that the bar magnet
is a magnetic dipole.

(a) What happens if a bar magnet is cut into two pieces: (i) transverse to its length, (ii) along its length?
(b) A magnetised needle in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque but no net force. An iron nail
near a bar magnet, however, experiences a force of attraction in addition to a torque. Why?
(c) Must every magnetic configuration have a north pole and a south pole?
(d) Two identical looking iron bars A and B are given, one of which is definitely known to be
magnetised. (We do not know which one.) How would one ascertain whether or not both are
magnetised? If only one is magnetised, how does one ascertain which one? [Use nothing else
but the bars A and B.]
Answers to LAQs
1. Torque=MxB (derivation)
PE = M.B
2. (a)Magnetic moment M= τ/Bsinθ = 0.032/0.16*sin 30 = 0.40J/T
(b)In stable equilibrium potential energy is minimum or θ=0. So the bar will be in stable equilibrium
when magnetic moment M is parallel to B.
It will be in unstable equilibrium when M is antiparallel to B or θ=180°.
(c)PE in stable equilibrium is minimum=-MB= -0.4*0.16 = -0.064J
PE in unstable equilibrium is maximum=+MB= 0.4*0.16 = +0.064J

97
3.
diamagnetic paramagnetic ferromagnetic
susceptibility Small and negative Small and positive Very large and positive
permeability µ<µ0 µ>µ0 µ>>µ0

Field lines

( c)The magnetisation increases as temperature decreases because the tendency to disrupt the
alignment of dipoles (with the magnetising field) arising from random thermal motion is reduced at
lower temperature.
Answer to MCQs
1. Answer ( c)
2. Answer ( c)
3. Answer (a)
4. Answer (b)
χ1/χ2=T2/T1
χ/0.5χ=T/300
T = 600K= 327°c
5. Answer (a) εr>1, µr<1
6. Answer (d)
7. Answer (b)
Work done in rotating the magnetic dipole from
position 𝜃1= 0° to 𝜃2= 180°
W = MB (cos𝜃1– cos𝜃2)
W = MB (cos0 – cos 180°) = 2MB
8. Answer (c) Magnetism of a magnet falls with rise of temperature and becomes practically
zero above curie temperature

9. Answer (b) χ=µr-1= 0.075-1= -0.925

10. Answer (b)

Answers to CBQs
1. (i) b
(ii) a
(iii) a
(iv) d

98