Resource 20230817225041 Checked 9.geo.3.notes

SESSION 2023-24
CHAPTER 3 DRAINAGE
Question 1.
Why are Peninsular rivers seasonal in nature? State any three reasons.
Answer:
The three reasons are as follows:
(a) The Peninsular rivers are dependent on rainfall unlike the Himalayan rivers are
snow fed.
(b) The hills of the peninsular plateau are not snow-bound, unlike the Himalayas.
(c) These rivers follow smaller courses and have small basins which influence
water volume.
(d) The catchment areas (the area where the river gets maximum water either by
rain/snow) of peninsular rivers are small in comparison to Himalayan rivers.
Question 2.
Which two rivers form the largest delta? Write any two features of this delta.
Answer:
River Ganga and River Brahmaputra from the largest delta i.e. the Sundarban
delta.
The two features of this delta are:
(a) It is the largest and fastest-growing delta in the world.
(b) It gets its name as Sundarban from the Sundari tree. It is the home of the
Royal Bengal tiger.
Question 3.
Why are most of the Peninsular Rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal? Give two
reasons. Name two rivers draining into the Arabian Sea.
Answer:
I. Most of the Peninsular rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal because of the
following reasons:
(a) The Eastern Ghats are lower than the Western Ghats and are also
discontinuous thus making it easier for the rivers to reach the Bay of Bengal.
(b) The Deccan Plateau has a gentle slope towards the east, thus the rivers drain
towards the east.
II. Two rivers draining into the Arabian Sea are the Narmada and the Tapi.
Question 4
(a) How are the Fresh Water lakes formed in the Himalayas? Give two examples
of freshwater lakes in this region.
(b) How is the Sambhar Lake useful?
Answer:
(a) (i) Most of the freshwater lakes in the Himalayan region are of glacial origin
i.e. they are formed when a glacier digs out a basin that is later filled with water
from snow melt or rain. Some examples of freshwater lakes are Bhimtal, Nainital,
Dal lake etc.
(ii) India’ s largest freshwater lake is Wular Lake which is an exception as it was
formed by tectonic activity.
(b) Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan is a rich source of salt in India.
Question 5
Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the peninsular
rivers.
Answer: The major have been
elaborated in the table given below:
Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers
The Main source of water is

The Main source is the peninsular
glaciers from the Himalayan
plateau and the central highland
range
Large river basin Comparatively smaller river basin
Depend on rain and melted

Depend majorly on rainfall
snow as well for water
These rivers are perennial and

These are seasonal rivers.
have water throughout the year.
The rivers are mainly flowing in

These rivers are regarded as old rivers.
their early stage.
Godavari (Longest River of Peninsular

Indus and Brahmaputra are
India) and Narmada are the two main river
two major rivers.
systems.
The courses from the source The courses from the source to the sea are
to the sea are long duration. shorter and shallower.
Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the main features of the River Indus under the following headings:
(a) Source
(b) Tributaries
(c) Areas drained
(d) Extent of Indus Plain
(e) Indus Water Treaty.
Answer:
The main features of River Indus as an important river of the Himalayas are:
(a) Source: Indus river rises in Tibet, near lake Mansarowar. While flowing
towards west it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir by
forming a picturesque gorge.
(b) Tributaries: Several tributaries like the Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and
the Hunza join it in the Kashmir region. Other major tributaries are the Satluj,
the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum join together and form Indus
at Mithankot in Pakistan.
(c) Areas drained by river Indus: The Indus flows southwards eventually
reaching the Arabian Sea east of Karachi areas. This is where Indus river end
but not the total area drained.
(d) Extent of the Indus Plain: The Indus plain has a gentle slope. It covers the
states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
(e) Indus Water Treaty (1960): According to the regulations of this treaty,
India can use only 20% of the total water carried by Indus river system. The
water is used for irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and southern and western
parts of Rajasthan.
Question 2.
What is meant by drainage? Explain any four benefits of rivers.
Answer:
(a) Drainage means river system of an area.
(b) The four benefits of rivers are:
(i) The rivers provide water, the basic natural resource essential for various
human activities.
(ii) The banks of the rivers have always attracted settlers from ancient times.
These settlements are now big cities.
(iii) River waters are used for irrigation, navigation, hydro-electric power
generation is of special significance.
(iv) Rivers are very significant in countries like India where agriculture is the
livelihood of the majority of the population.
Question 3.
What are the causes of river pollution? How can it be prevented?
Answer:
River pollution is caused by the following ways.
(a) Rivers are polluted by domestic, municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste.
This affects the quality of water.
(b) Large amounts of untreated sewage are dumped into the rivers. This affects
the self-cleansing capacity of water.
(c) Increasing pollution by urbanisation and industrialisation also contribute to
river pollution which has increased to very high levels.
River pollution can be prevented by:
(a) Treatment of industrial and urban waste before it is dumped into the rivers.
(b) Sensitizing the people about pollution of rivers and difficulties in cleaning
water.
(c) Various action plans like Ganga Action Plan to clean up River Ganga.
(d) Emphasizing the technologies used to reduce river pollution by promoting
recycling of water, and improvement of water quality.
Question 4.
Give main characteristic features of the Ganga river system. (Learn from
the book)
Answer:
The main characteristic features of the Ganga river system are:
(a) The Ganga rises in Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand. Its headstream
Bhagirathi joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.
(b) At Haridwar, the river Ganga comes out from the mountains to the plains.
(c) Its tributaries like the Yamuna, the Gandak, the Ghaghara, the Kosi flood
parts of northern plains every year, causing widespread damage to life and
property but the flood enriches the soil naturally. The soil is most suitable for
intensive cultivation.
(d) The main tributaries that join Ganga river from peninsular India are the
Chambal, the Betwa and the Son.
(e) The Ganga continues to flow eastwards after addition of water by its
tributaries till Farakka in West Bengal. It then enters Bangladesh and joined
Brahamputra and known as stream Meghna which flows into the Bay of
Bengal. Here, it forms the Sundarban delta, which is the largest delta of the
world.
Question 5.
Enlist the characteristic features of the Godavari basin.(Learn from the
book)
Answer:
The characteristic features of the Godavari basin are as follows:
(a) It is the largest river basin of the Peninsular rivers.
(b) It rises in the Nasik district of Maharashtra and joins the Bay of Bengal in
Andhra Pradesh.
(c) The Godavari river basin covers the states of Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh (50% of this basin covers the state of
Maharashtra).
(d) The Godavari is often referred to Dakshin Ganga because of its largest
size and extent.
(e) The important tributaries of River Godavari are: the Purna, the Wardha,
the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga.
MAP SKILLS (HOMEWORK)

Question Identify the Rivers marked in the given political map of India and
also Locate & Label the following lakes on the same map of India.
(i) Wular Lake
(ii) Pulicat Lake
(iii) Sambhar Lake
(iv) Chilika Lake

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SESSION 2023-24

The Main source of water is

Large river basin Comparatively smaller river basin

Depend on rain and melted

These rivers are perennial and

The rivers are mainly flowing in

Godavari (Longest River of Peninsular

Long Answer Type Questions

MAP SKILLS (HOMEWORK)

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