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    Animal Kingdom

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    vasubasil

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    Animal Kingdom

    Uploaded by

    vasubasil
    43 views2 pages

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    animal kingdom

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    43 views2 pages

    Animal Kingdom

    Uploaded by

    vasubasil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    ANIMAL KINGDOM

    Levels of organisation Coelom


    Coelom
    Acoelomate- Sponges, Coelenterate,
    Cellular: Sponges
    platyhelmenthes
    Tissue level: Coelenterates, Ctenophores
    Pseudocoelomate- aschelmenthes
    Organ level: Platyhelmenthes
    Coelomate- annelids and higher
    Organ system-annelida, arthropoda and higher animals
    animals

    Symmetry
    Asymmetric-sponges Circulatory system
    Radially symmetry:
    coelenterates, adult echinoderms, ctenophores Open: blood vessel absent
    Bilateral symmetry-annelida to chordate, Closed: blood vessel present

    BASIS OF
    larvae of echinoderm

    CLASSIFICATION
    Notochord
    Germ layer It is mesodermally derived rod like formed
    on dorsal side during embryonic stage.
    Diploblastic: Sponge, coelenterates,
    Chordates: animals with notochord in any
    ctenophore stage of life
    Triploblastic: Platyhelmenthis and higher Eg-fish, amphibia, reptile, bird, mammal
    animals Non-chordates: Porifera to hemichordata

    Segmentation
    Digestive system Body is externally & internally divided into
    segments with serial repetition of at least
    Incomplete- Platyhelmenthis, some organ. Also called metameric
    Coelenterates segmentation or metamerism
    Complete- Aschelmenthis to Chordates Eg-Earthworm(annelida)

    CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

    PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM COELENTRATA PHYLUM


    (CNIDARIA) CTENOPHORA

    Habitat-They are generally marine; some Habitat- aquatic; mostly marine; sessile or Also called sea walnuts/comb jellies
    fresh water. free swimming Habitat-exclusively marine
    Canal system-water enter through ostia into Cnidoblasts/cnidocytes- contain stinging Special organ-8 external rows of ciliated
    central cavity (spongocoel) & goes out through capsules/nematocysts & present on comb plates help in locomotion
    osculum. Helpful in food gathering, tentacles & used for anchorage, defense, Digestion-both extra &
    prey capturing. intra-cellular
    respiratory exchange & waste removal.
    Body cavity- have central gastrovascular Special property- bioluminescence
    Choanocytes/collar cells (flagellated)-line
    cavity with single opening (hypostome) (emits light).
    spongocoel
    Digestion- both extra & intracellular Reproduction- only sexual
    Digestion-intracellular
    Skeleton- corals have calcium carbonate (hermaphrodite).
    Skeleton-spicules & spongin fibres
    skeleton Fertilisation-external with indirect
    Reproduction- hermaphrodite (bisexual), Basic body forms-polyp (sessile & cylindrical development
    asexually by fragmentation. form of Hydra, Adamsia) & medusa Eg- Pleurobrachia & Ctenoplana
    Fertilisation-internal with indirect (umbrella-shaped & free swimming like
    development (larval stage is found with Aurelia/ Jellyfish)
    morphologically dissimilar larvae) Eg-Hydra, Aurelia (Jelly fish), Obelia (Sea fur),
    Eg- Sycon (scypha), Spongilla (fresh water Physalia (Portugese man of war), Adamsia
    sponge), Euspongia (bath sponge) (sea anemone), Pennatula (sea pen),
    Gorgonia (sea fan), Meardrina (brain coral)
    Alternation of generation (metagenesis).
    PHYLUM PLATYHELMENTHIS PHYLUM ASCHELMENTHIS
    FLAT WORMS ROUND WORMS

    Body shape-dorsiventrally flattened Body shape- circular cross section


    Habitat-mostly endoparasites (in animals) Habitat- freeliving,aquatic, terrestrial, parasite on
    Special structure-hooks & suckers are found for support plant & animal
    & absorption. Some absorb nutrients directly from Digestive system-complete with well developed
    surface of host. muscular pharynx
    Excretory cells-flame cells help in osmoregulation Excretion-a tube removes waste through excretory pore
    Reproduction- hermaphrodites Reproduction-unisexual/ dioecious (also show sexual
    Fertilisation-internal with indirect development dimorphism- male smaller than female)
    (many larval stages) Fertilisation-internal with direct or indirect development
    Planaria possess high regeneration capacity. Eg- Ascaris (round worm), Wucheria (filarial worm)
    Eg-Taenia (tape worm), Fasciola(liver fluke), Planaria

    PHYLUM ANNELIDA PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

    Largest phylum (includes insects)


    Body shape-marked out into metameres/ segments
    Segmentation-present
    (latin-annulus or little ring)
    Skeleton-exoskeleton is of Chitin
    Habitat- aquatic, terrestrial, free-living, rarely parasite Body division-head, thorax, abdomen
    Locomotory organs-body wall has longitudinal & circular Locomotion-by jointed appendages
    muscles. Aquatic annelids like Neries possess lateral Respiration-by gills, book gills, book lungs, tracheal system
    appendages, Parapodia for swimming. Circulatory system-open
    Circulatory system-closed Sensory organs-antennae, compound & simple eye,
    statocysts/balance organs are found.
    Excretory system-nephridia help in osmoregulation.
    Excretion-through malphigian tubules
    Nervous system-paired ganglia connected by lateral
    Reproduction-dioecious Fertilisation-usually
    nerves to a double ventral nerve cord.
    internal (oviparous) with direct or indirect development
    Reproduction- some unisexual (Neries),some bisexual Eg- Economically useful-
    (Earthworm, Leech) Apis (honeybee), Bombyx (silkworm), Laccifer (lac insect)
    Eg- Nereis, Pheretima (Earthworm), Hirudinaria Vectors- Anopheles, Culex, Aedes (MOSQUITOES)
    (blood sucking leech) Gregarious pest-Locusta(locust)
    Living fossil-Limulus (king crab)

    PHYLUM MOLLUSCA PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA


    2ND LARGEST PHYLUM SPINY BODIED

    Habitat-terrestrial or aquatic(marine/ freshwater) Habitat-all marine


    Body division-covered by calcareous shell & is Endoskeleton-calcareous ossicles
    unsegmented with a distinct head, muscular foot, visceral Show retrogressive metamorphism (larvae is bilateral
    hump symmetrical but adult is radial)
    Special structure-soft & spongy layer of skin forms a Digestive system-complete with mouth on ventral/ lower
    mantle over the viscera hump & anus on dorsal/ upper side
    Respiration & excretion-space between hump & mantle Water vascular system-help in locomotion, capture &
    (mantle cavity) have feather like gills which perform transport of food, respiration
    respiration & excretion Excretory system-absent Reproduction-dioecious
    Sense organ-anterior head has sensory tentacles Fertilisation-usually external with indirect development
    Feeding organ-mouth have file like rasping organ called (free swimming larvae)
    radula Eg- Asterias (starfish), Echinus(sea urchin), Antedon (sea
    Reproduction-usually dioecious & oviparous with indirect lily), Cucumaria (sea cucumber) & Ophiura (brittle star)
    development
    Eg-pila (apple snail), pinctada (pearl oyster) Sepia
    (cuttle fish), Loligo(squid), Octopus (devil fish), Aplysia
    (sea hare), Dentalium (tusk shell), Chaetuplura (chiton)

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