Texas and Mexican War

HISTORY – WORKSHEET
Name and surname: __________________________________________________________________________

Grade and section: 4° ________ Date: / /2024 Teacher: Mr. Manuel Carranza
COMPETENCIA: CONSTRUYE INTERPRETACIONES HISTÓRICAS.
Desempeño: Elabora explicaciones dando información relevante sobre independencia de Texas.
TEXAN INDEPENDENCE
Texas leaders met at the Austin colony. They set up their own government for Texas. Texan
troops then attacked the town of San Antonio and drove out the Mexican troops. General Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna marched from Mexico with an army of about 4,000 troops.
He planned to crush the revolution. In February 1836, the army reached San Antonio. Fewer than
200 American fighters were in San Antonio. They withdrew behind the walls of an old mission
called the Alamo and turned it into a fort.
Santa Anna’s army surrounded the Alamo. For 12 days, the Mexicans attacked the Americans. But
the outnumbered rebels would not surrender. Time after time, the Americans drove the Mexicans
back. Finally, on March 6, the Mexicans overran the Alamo. All of the American fighters were
killed.
“Remember the Alamo”

During the battle of the Alamo, Texas leaders met again. On March 2, they declared that Texas
was independent from Mexico. They chose a commander for the Texas army, Sam Houston.
When Texans heard the news of the slaughter at the Alamo, they were enraged. They now had a
battle cry in their fight for independence “Remember the Alamo!”
Victory at San Jacinto

For the next month or so, Santa Anna’s army moved through Texas. Sam Houston and the smaller
Texas army retreated before the Mexicans.
Then, on April 21, Houston’s army suddenly attacked the Mexicans near the San Jacinto River. The
Mexicans were caught completely by surprise. In 18 minutes, the Battle of San Jacinto was over.
Nearly all of Santa Anna’s troops were killed or captured. Texas had won its independence from
Mexico.
The Republic of Texas

The new Texas government set up the Republic of Texas. Like the United States, Texas would be
governed by elected leaders. In 1836, Texans elected Sam Houston their first president. Texans
also voted to join the United States.
But President Andrew Jackson did not want to annex Texas to the Union. He feared such an action
would lead to war with Mexico. Many northerners also opposed annexing Texas because Texas
would be a slave state. Texas remained an independent republic for nearly ten years.
Americans Move to Oregon

By 1840, American settlement had expanded to the Great Plains. There it stopped. Settlers
believed the Great Plains were too dry for farming. Then, in the early 1840s, Americans began to
hear news from the Oregon region, far away on the Pacific coast. Americans heard that the
HISTORY – WORKSHEET
Oregon region was a land of tall trees, rich soil, and fish-filled streams. Thousands of Americans
decided to move there.
The Oregon Trail

Many settlers traveled to the Oregon region by a route called the Oregon Trail. The Oregon Trail
began in Independence, Missouri. It crossed the Great Plains, and then went over the Rocky
Mountains, in present day Wyoming. The trail then followed the Columbia River into the Oregon
region. The journey covered about 2,000 miles. Settlers had to travel four to six months to make
it. Most settlers traveled by wagon train—a group of covered wagons that traveled together.
Wagon trains traveled 10 to 15 miles a day on the Plains. Travel was slower in the mountains and
across rivers. It might take settlers a week to cross a fast-flowing river.
The United States and Britain Both Claim Oregon

Thousands of Americans settled in Oregon. Soon, a dispute (argument) arose between Britain and
the United States. At that time, the Oregon region stretched from the Rockies to the Pacific Ocean
and from California to Alaska. Both the United States and Britain claimed the region. They could
not agree on a boundary between their territories.
In 1818, the United States and Britain had agreed that people from both nations could settle in the
Oregon region. But by 1843, American settlers there greatly outnumbered British settlers. The
Americans asked Congress to make Oregon a territory of the United States.
The Oregon Treaty

In the election year of 1844, James Polk was a candidate for President. He claimed that the whole
area of the Oregon region belonged to the United States, not Britain. He said that the United
States should take that area by force if necessary. Most Americans agreed with Polk. He was
elected President.
In 1846, President Polk reached an agreement with Britain. That agreement was called the
Oregon Treaty. The treaty divided the Oregon region between Britain and the United States.
Britain received the northern part, or land that is now western Canada. The United States
received the southern part, land that is now Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and parts of Wyoming
and Montana.

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HISTORY – WORKSHEET

Name and surname: __________________________________________________________________________

Desempeño: Elabora explicaciones dando información relevante sobre independencia de Texas.

“Remember the Alamo”

Victory at San Jacinto

The Republic of Texas

Americans Move to Oregon

The Oregon Trail

The United States and Britain Both Claim Oregon

The Oregon Treaty

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