ESW2 Module 4

Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 4
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
LECTURE NOTES
ON
BASIC MOTOR CONTROL
SUBJECT CODE: ESW 2
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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Disclaimer
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed
textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the faculty assigned for their respective
teaching loads assignments. Various sources are cited and mentioned at the end of document as well as freely
available open access material from internet were utilized for preparing this document. The ownership of the
information lies with the respective authors or institutions. Further, this document is not indented to be used
for commercial purpose and the faculty are not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of
use of this document. The faculty make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The faculty member shall not be liable for any loss of profit
or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other
damages.
Acknowledgement
The Faculty member gratefully acknowledge all references utilized for preparing this lecture note also
wants to express gratitude to the person out there who think knowledge should be free and be accessible and
sharable without any restrictions so that every single students on this university has the same opportunity to
explore, expand and become enlightened.
However apart from this lecture notes students are strongly recommended to follow the listed
references at the end of each modules and above all confer and consult with the concern faculty for through
understanding of the given subject in electrical engineering.

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Activities / Instructions
For the Orientation:
- Accomplish the student’s profile survey form. Link will be posted to your chat box.
- I will discuss the course syllabus, course requirements, student’s handbook, house rules, and basic use of
MS Teams for your familiarization.
- Course Duration: We have 6 hours session per week. For one to two hours per meeting, we will be having
a live online video discussion for the scheduled topic and the remaining hours will be a self-pace study of
additional materials, sources and exercises posted on your MS Teams.
- House Rules: Mute your microphone and off your video so as lagging of presentation can be minimize due
to bandwidth constrain and to avoid unnecessary distraction if the lecture is ongoing especially if your
surrounding area had a lot of unusual sound. Just unmute and open your video when you called to recite,
you can use the virtual raising hand if you want to answer. For any questions or clarifications, you can use
the chat box for any concerns.
- For Offline students: Study in advance or with-in given time schedule for the subjects and a lot data
allowance for your quizzes and exams for an hour or two. All of you will be given a softcopy via your TUP
e-mail add or hard copy via EE Department distribution of Lectures Notes.
For the Topics:
- We will be having a live video online lecture discussion for each activity simulation and documentation format.
- For interactive discussion, participate on the Q&A portion during end or pausing of lecture or while in the process of
simulation
- Actively participate on each activity of simulation.
- Jot down important lesson notes for you will be able to accomplish correctly and test all simulation activities given.
- Actual presentation of simulation output will be done per activity on the first and second meeting each week.
- Complete documented activity shall be accomplished and submitted on the next meeting after it was performed. Or as
instructed on given date of submission.
- Recorded online video discussion, additional resources and materials will be given to you as well for your self-pace
study. Please study these lessons.
- For those who are offline, study and accomplished each activity on your Module 4 hard copy or soft copy.
- Lesson Proper

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Introduction
Upon selecting the proper motor, understanding the many various control devices available and their
uses, limitations and connections, becomes an essential part related to reliable operation and protection of
the motor and the personnel using it.
Every electric motor must have some sort of controller. The motor controller will have different
features and complexity depending on the task that the motor will be performing. A motor controller is a
device or group of devices that serves to govern in some predetermined manner the performance of an
electric motor. A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the
motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the
torque, and protecting against overloads and faults.
This module will serve as a manual on all activities to be undertaken, it introduces the students to the
basics of motor control, explains its importance, applications and components and identifies various ways in
which motor control can be accomplished.
Objectives:
After ten weeks the students will be able to execute, test different conditions, application of actual
simulation design of;
a. Motor Power Circuit and Control Circuit.
b. Explain the difference between the various classifications and types of motor control wiring.
c. Draw motor control ladder diagrams.
d. Connect various motor control circuits.
e. Test and troubleshoot motor control components and circuits.
f. Apply safety precautions while connecting motor control circuits.
g. Other applications of control components.
Shop Activities:
1. Introduction to Motor Control
2. Motor Control System Symbols
3. Motor Control Circuit
4. Motor Control Components Familiarization and Testing
5. Across the Line Magnetic Motor Starter (Non- Reversing)
6. Two Station Motor Control with Emergency Stop (Non- Reversing)
7. Full Voltage Non-Reversing Motor Control with Jog
8. Forward – Reverse Motor Control (No Immediate Reversal)
9. Forward – Reverse Motor Control (Immediate Reversal)
10. Sequential Motor Control (Manual: Using Pushbutton)
11. Sequential Motor Control (Automatic Using Timer)
12. Reduced Voltage Starter Circuits
13. Reduced Voltage Starter (Wye-Delta Starter)
14. Application of Forward-Reverse Motor Control

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Name: Course, Yr. & Sec. Subject:

Group No. Time: Days: Rm: Date:
Professor/Instructor: Rating:
Activity No. 1
INTRODUCTION TO MOTOR CONTROL
I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:
1. Appreciate the importance of a reliable motor control system.

2. Understand basic operating principles of various motor control components.
3. Familiarized themselves with motor control terminologies.
II. Technical Information:
Motor control systems control the electrical energy used to run a motor. Many of the components
used to control that energy are in the motor controller, protected by a motor control enclosure. Inside the
enclosure, at the heart of every motor controller, is the motor starter. The starter has two parts: the contactor
and the overload relay. It is easier to understand the motor control system if you think of them as divided into
two kinds of circuits: the power circuit and the control circuit.
The power circuit contains all the components that carry the full voltage and current to operate the
motor. Besides the contactor, these commonly include disconnects, fuses, breakers and overload heaters.
The control circuit is usually operated at a lower voltage and contains all the components necessary
to switch power to the motor on and off under the proper conditions and at the proper time. These commonly
include devices like relays, usually inside the enclosure; field devices like start and stop buttons, limit switches
and pressure switches; and indicating devices like lights and alarms to help monitor the operation of the
system.
Three-Wire Control: The Seal-In Circuit
All the components of motor control systems are linked together in circuits which determine what
function can be accomplished: starting, stopping, reversing, jogging and so on.
The seal-in circuit is one of the most common. It's also called the maintaining circuit or holding contact
because it maintains or holds-in the power to a component - like a contactor or a relay - even after a
pushbutton or other momentary switch no longer supplies power. The circuit is maintained until power is
interrupted.
Pushing the start button energizes M, the coil of the contactor. A normally open set of contacts on the
contactor are wired in parallel with the start button. When the armature on the contactor closes, these seal-
in contacts close, and remain closed until the stop button is pushed. This de-energizes the M coil and returns
the seal-in contacts to their normally open condition until the coil is energized again.

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Motor starters may also be wired for two-wire control. This requires the use of a maintained-contact
switch to keep the coil of the contactor energized after the run button is released. However, if power is
restored following a shut-down, the motor starter will be re-energized automatically.
Three-wire control is often used because it provides protection for personnel from such unexpected
start-ups. The motor will not automatically re-start after it's stopped due to a no-voltage or low-voltage
condition.
Copyright 2009 www.MikeHolt.com

Holding Contact
III. Evaluation:
1. What are the basic components of a motor starter?

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2. How important is the ladder or schematic diagram of a motor control circuit?

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3. What is the purpose of the disconnect switch?

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4. What components provides short circuit protection for the motor?

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5. How does the overload relay protect the motor?

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6. How does the auxiliary contact connect to a normally open pushbutton in a seal – in circuit?
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7. Why is a two – wire control unsafe to be used in a motor control circuit?

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8. Differentiate instantaneous, latching and timed delay relay.

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9. Differentiate an ON-DELAY time relay from an OFF-DELAY time relay.

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10. What is the role of limit switches in a motor control circuit? Explain your answer.
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11. Enumerate the motor components being asked on each item:
a. Types of Control Switches (5)

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b. Functions of Motor Control (3)
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12. Write the meaning of the following acronym:
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DOE_____________________________________________________________________________________
NO______________________________________________________________________________________
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CR ______________________________________________________________________________________
TR ______________________________________________________________________________________
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NOTO____________________________________________________________________________________
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OL ______________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Conclusion:
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Name: Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______Subject:

Group No. Time: Days: Rm. Date:
Activity No. 2
MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM SYMBOLS
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:
1. Develop skills in identifying the commonly used components or parts and be able to describe
and interpret correctly the standard symbols for each component used in motor control
systems.
2. Develop skills in circuit tracing using the schematic symbols or diagrams.
3. Become familiar with the different components commonly used in motor control systems.
4. Draw the different control symbols.
II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:
In every trade or profession, there is a certain language, which must be understood in order
to transfer information and ideas rapidly and efficiently. This language may include words and phrases
as well as symbols.
Industrial electrical symbols and line (ladder) diagrams provide the information necessary to
understand the operation of any electrical control system. Industrial electrical symbols identify
electrical devices within a circuit.
The operation of a circuit is determined by the location of electrical devices. The line diagram
indicates the location of electrical devices within a circuit. Circuit arrangement and modifications to
existing circuits is possible using line diagrams. To read and troubleshoot an electrical control system,
the engineer or electrician must have a working knowledge of line diagrams.
III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Drawing Materials
IV. PROCEDURE:
Draw the appropriate symbol for each electrical control component in the space provided.

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ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
CONTROL COMPONENT (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
DESCRIPTION Institute) Commission)
Knife Switch
(Disconnecting Switch)
Push Button Switch

(Normally Open)
Push Button Switch

(Normally Close)
Emergency Stop Push

Button
(Mushroom Head)
Proximity Switch
Flow Switch
Limit Switch
Liquid Level Switch
Temperature Actuated
Switch
Pressure and Vacuum

Switch

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ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
CONTROL COMPONENT (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
DESCRIPTION Institute) Commission)
Selector Switch
Two & Three Positions
Foot Switch
Toggle Switch
Control Relay Coil
Contactor Coil
Motor Starter Coil
Timer Coil
Solenoid Coil
Indicating Light
Plug and socket

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CONTROL COMPONENT ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
DESCRIPTION (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
Institute) Commission)
Electromechanical
Counter
3 ø Circuit Breaker
Fuse
Terminals (reference)
Fused terminals
(reference)
Bell / Barrel
Buzzer
Horn
Full Wave Rectifier
Battery
Contactor contact open

(NO)
Contactor contact closed

(NC)
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CONTROL COMPONENT ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
DESCRIPTION (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical
Institute) Commission)
Relay contacts open
Relay contacts closed
Time contact (DOE)

N.O. & N.C.
Time contact (DODE)

N.O. & N.C.
Three Phase Motor
Control Transformer
Ground
Overload Relay (Thermal)
Resistor (Fixed &

Rheostat)
Wiring
(Connected,
Not Connected,
Power, Control)

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V. CONCLUSION (Discuss the importance of electrical symbols in motor control systems):
VI. EVALUATION:
1. How are motor control symbols represented?
2. What are the main difference between ANSI and IEC 617 symbols and codes?

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Activity No. 3
MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT
I. Objectives:
1. Interpret a simple ladder diagram.

2. Draw a simple motor control circuit using various types of switches.
3. Appreciate the importance of gaining skills in drawing and interpreting a ladder diagram

Understanding motor control systems requires the ability to read and work with relay ladder
diagrams. These diagrams show the relationship among the components in the control circuit.
o A single load (such as a contactor coil, a relay coil, a light, or an alarm) is placed on each rung of
the ladder. All loads are wired in parallel with each other, never is series. To understand the
diagram, imagine voltage flowing from left to right across the rung. When all contacts leading to
a load are closed, voltage will energize it.
o Contacts on switches are indicated by the symbol for the switch. Most switches can be wired as
normally open or normally closed. Switch contacts that are wired normally open are drawn as
open, and normally closed contacts are drawn as closed. When contacts on contactors or relays
are normally open, they are indicated by two vertical lines. When normally closed, a diagonal
line is added.
o When a switch is not actuated or a contactor or relay is not energized, all its contacts are in their
normal state. Normally open contacts are open and normally closed contacts are closed. When
the component is actuated or energized, its contacts change their state: normally open contacts
close, and normally closed contacts open.
o Numbers are often added along the left-hand rail of relay ladder diagrams when the diagrams
have many rungs. Numbers at the right-hand rail indicate the location of contacts controlled by
the load. Comments about the components on a rung are often written along the right-hand rail.
o For example, the rungs of the relay ladder diagram on the previous page are numbered 1 through
5. Along the right-hand rail, the load in Rung 3 is referenced to both Rung 1 and Rung 4 because
the time-delay relay has a contact in each of those rungs. The contact in Rung 4 turns the alarm
off when it completes its timing sequence. The contact in Rung 1 turns the motor on. Rung
references to normally closed contacts are underlined while normally open contacts are not.
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Figure 1Motor Control Ladder Diagram
o Wire numbers are sometimes added to aid in locating the proper connections in the control
system. The numbers on the diagram match real numbers affixed to the wires in the system.

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III. Evaluation:
1. This is a ladder diagram of the control circuit for a large ventilation fan started with a maintained –
contact selector switch. In this circuit, if the power of the fan is lost, it will automatically restart when
power is restored. Modify the circuit so that the new circuit will not permit fan to restart if power is
restored after an outage.
Answer
2. Modify the given circuit so that it can be started from three other locations by using pushbuttons.
Draw your diagram and label each part.
Answer

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3. Modify the circuit you have drawn in No. 2 by adding a temperature switch that will automatically turn
the fan ON when the temperature rises to 110 ° F. The circuit must allow each push button to ON the
fan independent of the temperature switch.
Answer
4. Lastly, modify the circuit in a way that the three pushbuttons cannot turn ON the fan until the
temperature reaches 110 ° F
Answer

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5. In Figure 1, what is the function of the control relay CR for the proper operation of the motor?
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6. What is the purpose of connecting a normally closed time relay contact (TDOE) in series with the alarm?
Why a normally open time relay contact (TDOE) in series with the motor contactor coil M?
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IV. Conclusion:
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Name: Course, Yr. & Sec.: _________Subject:______________

Group No. Time: Days: Rm. Date: ___
Activity No. 4
MOTOR CONTROL COMPONENTS FAMILIARIZATION AND TESTING
I. OBJECTIVES:

1. Discuss the principle of operation of basic motor control components.
2. Check the condition of basic motor components using VOM and/or CLT.
3. Recognize the importance of gaining skills in testing motor control equipment’s.
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AC MOTOR STARTERS
Alternating current (AC) motor starters have five major functional components, these include:
1. Components that provide motor overload protection.
2. Components that perform the motor controller function.
3. Components that protect against short-circuit and ground faults.
4. Components that provide motor circuit-disconnecting means.
5. An enclosure suitable to meet the requirements of the motor starter application.
Overload Protection
The function of the overload device is to monitor motor line current and to open the motor circuit
when predetermined safe levels are exceeded. In accordance with the National Electric Code and based on
specific circuit conditions, continuous duty motors rated more than one horsepower may be protected for
overloads using overload relays, integral thermal protectors, fuses or circuit breakers. The most used overload
device is the overload relay.
Two types of overload relays that respond to the heating effect of the motor line current are the
thermal and the solid-state overload relays. The thermal overload relay uses the motor line current to produce
heat within itself at a designated rate that simulates load and conductor heating. On the other hand, the solid-
state overload relay monitors motor line current and uses semiconductor circuits to determine the heating
effects that the level of current will have on the motor and conductors.

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Controller
A major component common to all AC motor starters is the controller. The controller is consisting of
the contactor that carries the motor line current and the control circuit for the contactor. When the overload
relays are added to the controller, the assembly is referred to as a basic magnetic motor starter. The contactor
portion of the controller is essentially an on-off device operated by electromagnetic means. When the
controller coil is energized through a control circuit, the resulting magnetic field mechanically forces the main
contacts to close, thus starting the motor. The coil is then continuously energized to hold the contacts closed
and keep the motor running. When the coil is de-energized, the main controller contacts are forced open by
either spring pressure or gravity, thus stopping the motor.
Fault Protection
The device used to provide protection against short circuit and ground faults. The devices used for this
protection are typically an instantaneous trip circuit breaker, an inverse time circuit breaker, non-time delay
fuses, or dual element (time-delay) fuses.
Disconnect
Another major component that is common to all AC motor starters is the disconnecting device. In
accordance with the National Electric Code, motors and controllers must be provided with a means of safely
disconnecting them from their source of supply so that maintenance of the controller, motor, and its driven
equipment can be accomplished with no hazard to personnel. The devices to be used for disconnecting include
circuit breakers, motor-circuit switches, and molded case switches (non-automatic circuit interrupters).
Enclosure
A final component common to AC motor starters is the enclosure. An enclosure is a surrounding case
constructed to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed
equipment, and to provide a degree of protection to the enclosed equipment against environmental
conditions. Although other types of materials (e.g. polymeric) are sometimes used, enclosures are typically
sheet metal or cast metal construction. However, in all cases, only material that will not support combustion
in air is selected for enclosures.
Other Motor Control Circuit Components

Components used for control circuits include pushbuttons, selector switches, indicating lights, control
relays, control power transformers, auxiliary contacts, contactors, overload relays, circuit breakers or MCPs,
and electrical wiring.

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Pushbuttons
One component typically used in the control circuit of motor starters is the pushbutton. The
pushbutton is used to energize the control circuit. A simple pushbutton is composed of a set of stationary
contacts, a set of moving contacts, an operating plunger, a return spring, and a housing to hold the assembly
together. Pushbuttons are basically one of two types: one with normally open contacts, and the other with
normally closed contacts. For the normally open pushbutton the operating plunger is held up by a return
spring. This spring holds the moving contacts away from the stationary contacts, and it, thereby, keeps the
control circuit open and de-energized. Depressing the plunger causes the moving contacts to engage the
stationary contacts, thus closing the circuit. Normally open pushbuttons are typically used to start a process.
In the normally closed pushbutton, the design of the contacts is opposite to that of the normally open
pushbutton. For this type, the contacts open, and the process stops when the plunger is depressed. As a result
of the internal tension caused by the return spring, the action of both the normally open and normally closed
pushbuttons is momentary. When the operator’s finger is removed from the pushbutton, it returns to its
original state.
Indicator Lights
Indicating lamps are another component used in motor starter control circuits. Their function is a
relatively simple but important one, which is to report the status of the control circuit and, as a result, the
status of the equipment controlled. Varieties of colors are used for the lens of the indicating lights to report
or warn of various circuit conditions. Colors typically offered by manufacturers include red, green, blue, amber,
white and clear. The most used types of indicating lights include the full-voltage, transformer and push-to-test
types.
Control Relays
A control relay is a component that is used in a motor starter’s control circuit to interface between a
pilot device and the circuit that the pilot device controls. In effect, the control relay allows the pilot device to
control a current that is too large for the contacts of the pilot device. Pilot devices used in motor controls
typically monitor parameters such as time, pressure, liquid level, and heat. Among its type are the following:
a. Electromechanical
One type of control relay is the electromechanical type. This relay uses an electromagnet to move
the output contacts from open to closed and closed to open. Relays of this type are referred to as
alternating current relays, if designed for actuation from an AC source, or direct-current relays, if
designed for DC operation.
b. Time Control Relay
The timer control relay is available as either an electromechanical or solid-state type relay. The
relay can be purchased with normally open contacts, normally closed contacts, or a combination of
the two types. This type of relay functions as described above for either the electromechanical or
solid-state type, except that it has a built-in timing circuit that delays the operation of the relay
contacts.
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II. TOOLS and MATERIALS NEEDED:
VOM and/or Continuity Lamp Tester
Drawing Materials
Set of Motor Control Components
III. PROCEDURE:
1. After the discussion, secure motor power and control circuit components for familiarization and
testing.
2. Using your test instruments, check the conditions of various motor control components provided by
the instructor.
3. Record the data and observations below and determine the condition of the components.
IV. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:
a. MAGNETIC CONTACTOR
Note: NE – Not Energize ES – Energized State
Main Contacts
Terminal Markings / Condition / /
Resistance Reading (NE) _____ / /______
(ES) _____ / /______
Magnetic Contactor Coil

Coil Terminal Markings / Condition
Resistance Reading
Auxiliary Contacts
N.O. Terminal Markings / Condition
N.O. Resistance Reading ____________
N.C. Terminal Markings / Condition ________________
N.C. Resistance Reading ________________ _______

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b. OVERLOAD RELAY
Overload Heaters
Terminal Markings / Condition
Overload Contacts
N.O. Terminal Markings / Condition
N.O. Resistance Reading
N.O. Resistance Reading when tripped
N.C. Terminal Markings / Condition
N.C. Resistance Reading
N.C. Resistance Reading when tripped
Reset Button Condition
c. PUSHBUTTON
Green Pushbutton
Resistance when Pressed Condition
Resistance when Released
Red Pushbutton
Resistance when Pressed Condition
Resistance when Released
Emergency Pushbutton
Resistance when Locked: Condition
Resistance when Unlocked: __

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d. INDICATING LIGHT
Green Pilot Lamp
Resistance Reading Condition
Start Testing
Red Pilot Lamp
Trip Testing
Yellow/Orange Pilot Lamp
Stop Testing
V. CONCLUSION:
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Name: Course, Yr. & Sec.: ______Subject:

Activity No. 5
ACROSS THE LINE MAGNETIC MOTOR STARTER
(Non- Reversing)
I. OBJECTIVES:

1. Describe the principle of operation of an across the line voltage starter.
2. Connect properly the components in an across the line motor starter.
3. Observe safety measures while connecting the motor control circuit.
4. Apply learnings in designing control circuit diagram with the aid of EKTS software.

The across the line magnetic starter is the simplest method of controlling motor using magnetic
contactor. Energizing a holding coil closes the magnetic motor starter contacts. It is relatively simple in
construction, easy to maintain, and the least expensive of all AC motor starters. This type of starter is used for
control of motors where full voltage starting is acceptable and where the motor is to start up and run in one
direction only.
Figure 1. Across the Line Motor Starter Circuit

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III. Bill of Materials
ITEM QUANTITY PRICE PER SUB TOTAL

UNIT (₱) (₱)
TOTAL
IV. List all the tools and equipment needed:

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V. Draw your complete Control and Power Circuit Diagram Via EKTS or Technical Drawing
Note: EKTS diagram can be print screen below
VI. PROCEDURE:
1. Present to the instructor for checking your simulated diagram on EKTS.
2. Prepare tools, materials and devices needed for the activity. Check their condition using an
ohmmeter. Record continuity resistance reading on table 1 for actual activity execution.
3. Connect the circuit base on shown diagram if perform in actual.
4. Place the test probes of the ohmmeter to Line 1 and Line 2 to test the continuity of the circuit.
Observe resistance reading.
5. Press the start button while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
6. Trip the overload relay. Observe the reading also.
7. Energize the circuit only if you are totally sure of your connections are secured and correct since
no supervision of your Instructor for face to face checking, Safety First! Record your observation
in evaluation.
8. De-energize the circuit upon completion. Remove the connectors then clear the area.
9. If able to perform in actual, take pictures all conditions mentioned on number 10.
10. For simulated data, print screen all the conditions mentioned and record in the table 2.
a. IDLE condition power ON both power and control circuit.
b. START push button pressed.
c. OVERLOAD TRIP condition.
d. OVERLOAD RESET condition.
e. RE-STARTED then pressed STOP push button.
29
• MODULE 4

30
• MODULE 4

31
• MODULE 4
VII. OBSERVATIONS AND SUMMARY OF DATA:
Table 1. MOTOR CONTROL COMPONENTS CONDITION

NOT ENERGIZE ENERGIZE
Component N.C. / N.O. CLOSE / OPEN SIMULATION RESULTS IMAGE
Magnetic Contactor
Main Contacts
Holding A. Contact
Idle A. Contact Lamp

Thermal Overload
OL A. Contact
Trip A. Contact Lamp

Pilot Lights
Red
Green
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
START
STOP

32
• MODULE 4
Table 2. SIMULATED RESULTS
INDICATOR LAMPS (PILOT LAMP IMAGE)
CONDITION SHUTDOWN RUN IDLE TRIP
POWER “ON”
START
STOP
RE-START
THERMAL OVERLOAD TRIP
RESET
BREAKER OFF / POWER OFF
VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how an across the line motor starter function by referring to your ladder diagram)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

33
• MODULE 4
IX. EVALUATION:
1. Why is it important to place an indicator light in a motor control circuit?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is the reason of connecting in series a normally open contact of an overload relay and an indicator
lamp for fault condition?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. In case of emergency base on the given circuit, which component needs to be pressed and what will be
the appropriate one to install.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

34
• MODULE 4
Name: Course, Yr. & Sec.:_____ Subject:

Activity No. 6
TWO STATION MOTOR CONTROL WITH EMERGENCY STOP
(Non- Reversing)
I. OBJECTIVES:
11. Describe the principle of operation of a two-station motor control.
12. Connect properly the components in a two-station motor control.

The operation of a Two Station Motor Control is the same as the operation of the across the line
magnetic starter except that the two start and stop push buttons are connected in parallel and series
respectively with the addition of two emergency stop push buttons.
This type of motor control connection is used to operate the motor from two different locations
called, Station 1 and Station 2. Emergency stop as the word implies it is very useful during emergency
situations, it will de-energize the whole control and power circuit instantly upon pressing the mushroom head
button.
III. BILL OF MATERIALS:

UNIT (₱) (₱)

35
• MODULE 4
TOTAL
IV. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NEEDED:

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

36
• MODULE 4
VI. PROCEDURE:
3. Connect the circuit base on your design diagram if perform in actual.
5. Press the start button for station 1 while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the
reading.
6. Do the same procedure for station 2 while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the
reading.
7. Each emergency stops per station conduct also resistance test for the whole circuit upon pressing
the mushroom head.
in evaluation.
b. START push button pressed for each station one at a time.
c. OVERLOAD TRIP condition.
d. OVERLOAD RESET condition.
e. RE-STARTED then pressed STOP push button for each station one at a time.
f. RE-STARTED then pressed EMERGENCY STOP push button for each station one at a time.
g. Unlocked EMERGENCY STOP push button.

37
• MODULE 4

38
• MODULE 4

39
• MODULE 4

40
• MODULE 4

Magnetic Contactor
Main Contacts
Holding A. Contact

Thermal Overload
OL A. Contact

Pilot Lights
Red
Green
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
STN. 1 START
STN. 1 STOP
STN. 1
EMERGENCY STOP
STN. 2 START
STN. 2 STOP
STN. 2
EMERGENCY STOP

41
• MODULE 4
CONDITION STATION 1 STATION 2 IDLE TRIP
POWER “ON”
START 1
STOP 1
RE-START 1
EMERGENCY STOP 1
UNLOCKED EMERGENCY STOP 1
START 2
STOP 2
RE-START 2
EMERGENCY STOP 2
UNLOCKED EMERGENCY STOP 2
RE-START 1 OR 2
RESET

42
• MODULE 4
VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how two station motor control function by referring to your design diagram)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
IX. EVALUATION:
1. Cite applications of a two-station motor control.

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Why do we connect start pushbuttons in parallel in a two - station motor control?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do we connect stop pushbuttons in series in a two - station motor control?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

43
• MODULE 4
4. Draw and simulate a circuit diagram of two start push button for synchronize operation with single
emergency stop and single stop push button. Discuss for what application such design of a circuit?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

44
• MODULE 4

Activity No. 7
FULL VOLTAGE NON-REVERSING MOTOR CONTROL WITH JOG & EMERGENCY STOP
I. OBJECTIVES:
a. Describe the principle of operation of motor control system with jog.
b. Connect properly the components in motor control system with jog.
c. Observe safety measures while connecting the motor control circuit.

Jogging is defined as the brief closure of a motor circuit to energize a motor for a short period of time
and performs a small movement of driven machine. It is a condition when a pushbutton is pressed and will
stop when it is released. Jogging is used on machinery in which the motor must run for short period of time to
allow machine setup. Another term for jogging is inching.
Some applications of jogging are the following: to align and space machine parts; to position a tool
accurately; to thread cloth, paper or sheet metal; and to provide small controlled movements.
JOG – RUN – STOP Control Circuit

45
• MODULE 4

UNIT (₱) (₱)
TOTAL

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

46
• MODULE 4
VI. PROCEDURE:
3. Connect the circuit base on design diagram if perform in actual.
5. Press the JOG button while the test probes are still at line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
6. Press the start button while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
7. Conduct also resistance test for the whole circuit upon pressing the mushroom head of emergency
stop push button.
in evaluation.
b. JOG button pressed then for a few rotations released.
c. START push button pressed.
d. OVERLOAD TRIP condition.
47
• MODULE 4
e. OVERLOAD RESET condition.
f. RE-STARTED then pressed EMERGENCY STOP.
h. RE-STARTED then pressed STOP push button.

48
• MODULE 4

49
• MODULE 4

50
• MODULE 4

51
• MODULE 4

Magnetic Contactor
Main Contacts
Holding A. Contact

Thermal Overload
OL A. Contact

Pilot Lights
Red
Green
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
JOG
START
STOP
EMERGENCY STOP

52
• MODULE 4
POWER “ON”
JOG PRESSED
JOG RELEASED
START
STOP
RE-START
EMERGENCY STOP
UNLOCKED EMERGENCY STOP
RE-START
RESET

53
• MODULE 4
VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how a Start-Stop-Jog Motor Starter function by referring to your design diagram)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
IX. EVALUATION:
1. What is the function of the double contact pushbutton in a Start-Stop-Jog motor control circuit?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Give motor control situations wherein jogging or inching is applicable.

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

54
• MODULE 4

Activity No. 8
FORWARD – REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL WITH JOG & EMERGENCY STOP
(No Immediate Reversal)
I. OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe the principle of operation of a Forward – Reverse Motor Control with no immediate
reversal.
2. Connect properly the components in a Forward – Reverse Motor Control with no immediate
reversal.

To reverse the direction of a three-phase motor, it is possible to simply interchange any two-phase
conductors at the motor or the motor starter. But if the reversing of the motor is a required operation of the
machine, then reversing motor starters are available.
The Forward-Reverse motor control is used in a system where forward and backward or upward and
downward movement in the operation is needed.
Stop Before Reversing (Medium Motors)

The stop before reversing logic is generally used for medium size motors. Stopping the motor first,
before reversing its direction, eliminates the overcurrent surge and potentially damaging mechanical stress
that can result with the attempt to rapidly reverse a large rotating inertia (load). Operation of the circuit in
Figure 1 & 3 begins by closing the forward pushbutton to energize the forward contactor coil (F). This action
closes the main forward contacts to the motor terminals starting the motor in the forward direction. In
sequence with this action, auxiliary N.O. contact F closes to seal in the forward coil (F) circuit, and auxiliary
N.C. contact F opens to block the reverse coil (R) circuit. To reverse the motor when it is running in the
forward direction, it is necessary to first push the stop pushbutton. Pushing the stop pushbutton deenergizes
the forward contactor, which in turn opens the main forward contacts and allows N.O. F to open and N.C. F
to close. At this point, the reverse pushbutton can be pushed to energize the reverse contactor coil (R) circuit.
In sequence then, the main contacts of the reverse contactor close (reversing motor lines L1 and L3), N.O. R
closes to seal in the reverse coil circuit, and N.C. R opens to block the forward coil circuit. The circuit logic for
the stop before reversing starter requires only that the stop button be pushed before an attempt is made to
reverse the direction of the motor. Whether the motor can come to a complete stop before reversing is an
option of the operator based on the motor’s size and inertia.

55
• MODULE 4
Figure 1. Forward – Reverse 1ø Motor Control w/ Electrical Interlocks
Figure 2. Elementary diagram of a 3ø reversing starter power circuit

56
• MODULE 4
Source: cengage learning
Figure 3. Forward – Reverse 3ø Motor Control w/ Electrical Interlocks
Mechanical and Electrical Interlocks

All reversing starters have two magnetic contactors mounted in one enclosure. The contactors provide
for connection of the power leads to the motor terminals. One contactor (forward contactor) is connected to
the three phases of the motor so that the motor starts and runs in the forward direction. The other contactor
(reverse contactor) is connected so that when it closes, two of the lines to the motor are interchanged, thus
reversing the direction of rotation of the motor. About the operation of the two contactors, it is necessary
that they be interlocked to prevent both from closing at the same time. If both contactors were to close at
the same time, the result would be a dead short circuit across two of the phases. Interlocking is used to prevent
this condition from happening. Both mechanical and electrical interlocks are used. Mechanical interlocks
typically use an insulated linkage fastened between the moving assemblies of the two contactors to prevent
their simultaneous closing. Electrical interlocking circuits vary in purpose and complexity, but the basic
technique consists of using normally open and normally closed contacts in both the forward and reverse coil
circuits to maintain each coil circuit open while the other is closed.

57
• MODULE 4

UNIT (₱) (₱)
TOTAL

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

58
• MODULE 4
VI. PROCEDURE:
5. Press the forward start button while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
6. Press the reverse start button while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
7. Press the forward JOG button while the test probes are still at line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
8. Press the reverse JOG button while the test probes are still at line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
stop push button.
59
• MODULE 4
in evaluation.
b. Forward START button pressed, then test interlocking by pressing Reverse START.
c. Pressed STOP push button.
d. Reverse START button pressed, then test interlocking by pressing Forward START.
e. Pressed STOP push button.
f. Forward JOG button pressed then for a few rotations released.
g. Reverse JOG button pressed then for a few rotations released
h. OVERLOAD TRIP condition upon re-starting either forward or reverse rotation
i. OVERLOAD RESET condition.
j. Pressed EMERGENCY STOP push button upon re-starting either forward or reverse
rotation.
k. Unlocked EMERGENCY STOP push button.

60
• MODULE 4

61
• MODULE 4

62
• MODULE 4

63
• MODULE 4

64
• MODULE 4

65
• MODULE 4

Magnetic Contactor
Main Contacts Forward
Main Contacts Reverse
Forward Holding A. Contact

Forward Interlocking A.
Contact
Reverse Holding A. Contact
Reverse Interlocking A.
Contact
Thermal Overload
Overload A. Contact
Pilot Lights
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
JOG
START
STOP
EMERGENCY STOP

66
• MODULE 4
CONDITION FORWARD REVERSE IDLE TRIP
POWER “ON”
FORWARD START
STOP
REVERSE START
STOP
FORWARD JOG PRESSED
FORWARD JOG RELEASED
REVERSE JOG PRESSED
REVERSE JOG RELEASED
RE-START EITHEIR F/R
EMERGENCY STOP
RESET

67
• MODULE 4
VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how a Forward-Reverse with no immediate reversal function by referring to your design diagram)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
IX. EVALUATION:
1. Why is there a need to stop medium motors before reversing its direction in a control circuit?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. List some applications where-in forward reverse motor control are utilized.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

68
• MODULE 4
Name: Course, Yr. & sec.: _______Subject:

Activity No. 9
FORWARD – REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL WITH JOG & EMERGENCY STOP
(Immediate Reversal)
I. OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe the principle of operation of a Forward – Reverse Motor Control with immediate
reversal.
2. Connect properly the components in a Forward – Reverse Motor Control with immediate
reversal.

To reverse the direction of a three-phase motor, it is possible to simply interchange any two-phase
conductors at the motor or the motor starter. But if the reversing of the motor is a required operation of the
machine, then reversing motor starters are available.
The Forward-Reverse motor control is used in a system where forward and backward or upward and
downward movement in the operation is needed.
Full-Speed Reversing (Small Motors)

One type of control logic used in full-voltage reversing starters is the full-speed reversing logic. The
circuit arrangement for this type logic allows the direction of a motor to be reversed without pushing the
stop button. This mode of operation has the advantage of reversing the direction of the motor in the shortest
possible time. However, use of this type of logic is acceptable only for small motors with relatively low mass
and thus low inertia. The arrangement of this circuit is basically the same as for all full voltage reversing
starters, except that the forward pushbutton and the reverse pushbutton have an additional normally closed
contact block. The starter has two contactors, one connected to apply the three phases to the motor so that
the motor starts and runs in the forward direction. The other contactor is connected so that when it closes,
two of the lines to the motor are interchanged, thus reversing the direction of rotation of the motor.

69
• MODULE 4
GGG
BBB
OO
Forward – Reverse Motor Control

(Immediate Reversal)
Starting the motor and operating it in the forward direction is initiated by closing the forward
pushbutton. This action energizes the forward contactor (F), which in turn closes the main contacts to the
motor terminals, thus starting the motor in the forward direction. The same action that closes the normally
open contact of the pushbutton also opens its normally closed contact. This temporary open circuit prevents
an unwanted start in the reverse direction. As the forward contactor operates, it causes its auxiliary contacts
to operate also. The normally open auxiliary forward contact (Fa) closes to seal in the forward coil circuit, and
the normally closed auxiliary forward contact (Fb) opens to block the reverse contactor coil circuit. To reverse
the direction of the motor (without first pushing the stop pushbutton), simply push the reverse pushbutton.
The opening of the normally closed contact of the reverse pushbutton causes the coil circuit for the forward
contactor (F) to momentarily open. The circuit for the reverse contactor coil (R) circuit momentarily closes.
When the forward contactor opens, it operates its auxiliary contacts (Fa , Fb). Fa opens to keep the forward
(F) coil circuit open, while Fb closes to allow the reverse coil (R) circuit to energize.

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• MODULE 4
When the reverse contactor picks up, it closes its main contacts to the motor terminals, which in this
case causes lines L1 and L3 to be interchanged, reversing the direction of the motor. Auxiliary contacts Ra and
Rb operate in unison with the reverse contactor. The normally open Ra contact closes to seal in the reverse
coil circuit, while the normally closed Rb contact opens to block the energizing of the forward coil circuit.

UNIT (₱) (₱)
TOTAL

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

71
• MODULE 4
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
VI. PROCEDURE:
5. Press the forward start button while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
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• MODULE 4
6. Press the reverse start button while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
7. Press the forward JOG button while the test probes are still at line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
8. Press the reverse JOG button while the test probes are still at line 1 and 2. Observe the reading.
stop push button.
in evaluation.
b. Forward START button pressed.
c. Reverse START button pressed.
d. Pressed STOP push button.
e. Forward JOG button pressed then for a few rotations released.
f. Reverse JOG button pressed then for a few rotations released
g. OVERLOAD TRIP condition upon re-starting either forward or reverse rotation
h. OVERLOAD RESET condition.
i. Pressed EMERGENCY STOP push button upon re-starting either forward or reverse
rotation.
j. Unlocked EMERGENCY STOP push button.

73
• MODULE 4

74
• MODULE 4

75
• MODULE 4

76
• MODULE 4

77
• MODULE 4

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• MODULE 4

Magnetic Contactor
Main Contacts Forward
Main Contacts Reverse
Forward Holding A. Contact

Forward Interlocking A.
Contact
Reverse Holding A. Contact
Reverse Interlocking A.
Contact
Thermal Overload
Overload A. Contact
Pilot Lights
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
JOG
START
STOP
EMERGENCY STOP

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• MODULE 4
CONDITION FORWARD REVERSE IDLE TRIP
POWER “ON”
FORWARD START
REVERSE START
STOP
FORWARD JOG PRESSED
FORWARD JOG RELEASED
REVERSE JOG PRESSED
REVERSE JOG RELEASED
EMERGENCY STOP
RESET

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• MODULE 4
VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how a Forward-Reverse with immediate reversal function by referring to your design diagram)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
IX. EVALUATION:
1. Why is “immediate reversal” motor circuit applicable only for controlling small motors?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What application this small motors are mostly used.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
81
• MODULE 4

Activity No. 10
SEQUENTIAL THREE 3ø MOTOR CONTROL
(Manual: Using Pushbutton)
I. OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe the principle of operation of a manual Sequential Motor Control using pushbutton.
2. Connect properly the components in a Sequential Motor Control using pushbutton.

Sequence control forces motors to start or stop in a predetermined order. One motor cannot
start until some other motor is in operation. Sequence control is used by such machines as hydraulic presses
that must have a high-pressure pump operating before, they can be used, or by air conditioning systems that
require that the blower be in operation before the compressor starts. Sequence control can be achieved by
several methods. One design that meets the requirements is shown in Figure 1. In this circuit, push button #1
must be pressed before power can be provided to push button #2. When motor starter #1 energizes, the
normally open auxiliary contact 1M closes providing power to coil 1M and to push button #2. Motor starter
#2 can now be started by pressing push button #2. Once motor starter #2 energizes, auxiliary contact 2M
closes and provides power to coil 2M and push button #3. If the STOP button should be pressed or any
overload contact opens, power will be interrupted to all starters.
source: cengage learning
Figure. 1 Manual Sequential Motor Control Circuit

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• MODULE 4

UNIT (₱) (₱)
TOTAL

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

83
• MODULE 4

84
• MODULE 4
VI. PROCEDURE:

5. Press the start button for motor 1 while the test probes are still at Line 1 and 2. Observe the
reading.
reading.
reading.
stop push button.
9. Trip the overload relay individually for each motor. Observe the reading also.
in evaluation.
b. START button pressed for motor 1.
c. START button pressed for motor 2.
d. START button pressed for motor 3.
e. OVERLOAD TRIP condition one by one for each motor.
f. OVERLOAD RESET condition one by one for each motor.
g. Pressed EMERGENCY STOP push button upon re-starting all three motors sequentially.
h. Unlocked EMERGENCY STOP push button.

85
• MODULE 4

86
• MODULE 4

87
• MODULE 4

88
• MODULE 4

89
• MODULE 4

NOT ENERGIZE
Component ENERGIZE CLOSE/OPEN SIMULATION RESULTS IMAGES
N.C. / N.O.
Magnetic Contactor
Main Contacts Motor 1

M1 Holding Contact
M2 Holding Contact
M3 Holding Contact
Idle Auxiliary Contact Lamp
Thermal Overload
M1 OL Auxiliary Contact
M1 Trip Aux. Contact Lamp
Pilot Lights
Red 1, 2, 3
Green 1, 2, 3
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
START 1, 2, 3
STOP
EMERGENCY STOP

90
• MODULE 4
POWER “ON”
MOTOR 1 START
MOTOR 2 START
MOTOR 3 START
STOP
RE-START MOTOR 1-2-3
EMERGENCY STOP
M1 THERMAL OVERLOAD TRIP
RESET
RESET
RESET
POWER OFF

91
• MODULE 4
VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how does a manual sequential motor control function by referring to your design diagram)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
IX. EVALUATION:
1. Cite examples/situations in which sequential motor control is applicable?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

92
• MODULE 4
Activity No. 11
SEQUENTIAL THREE 3ø MOTOR CONTROL
(Automatic using Timer Relay)
I. Objectives:
1. Discuss the operation of a sequential motor control circuit.
2. Draw accurately a manual and automatic sequential motor control circuit.
3. Appreciate the importance of gaining skills in drawing and interpreting a sequential motor
control.

There are cases where machines should be started in a specific manner or one after another, this type
of control applied to these industrial machines is called sequential motor control. A good example would be
a conveyor system composed of four sections. The sections must start in correct sequence. If for some reason,
one motor will not start, the next motor in line will not start as well. Previous activity deals with manual
sequential motor control, Figure 1 shows an automatic mode of sequential motor control using auxiliary
contact as actuator to energize the preceding motors.
Figure 1. Auxiliary contacts used for automatic sequence control. Contact (M1) energizes coil
(M2); contact (M2) energizes coil (M3)

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• MODULE 4
Sequential Motor Control Using Time Delay Relay
In a circuit, it is an advantage to have a timing contact as well as instantaneous contact from the same
energized relay coil. The timing contact can be arranged to delay after energizing or de-energizing the coil.
TR
Timer Relay Coil
Normally Open Instantaneous Contact
Normally Close Instantaneous Contact
a b c d
a. Normally Closed – Time Delay After Deenergizing (NCTC)

b. Normally Open – Time Delay After Energizing (NOTC)
c. Normally Closed – Time Delay After Energizing (NCTO)
d. Normally Open – Time Delay After Deenergizing (NOTO)
Figure 2. Symbols for Timing Contact

94
• MODULE 4
source: Jun Aux TV
Figure 3. Typical Schematic Diagram
Figure 4. Timer Relay
Figure 3 shows a typical schematic diagram of a timer where in number 2 and 7 represent coil terminal
and are connected to a source while terminal number 8 is common to terminal number 5 and 6, same as
terminal number 1 common to terminal number 3 and 4. Mode B setting are not time dependent they will
actuate once the timer coil is energize whether you utilize the normally close (4-1) terminal or normally open
(3-1) terminal , not like Mode A and left side of the relay in which both contacts of normally open and normally
closed are all time setting dependent. Contacts conditions will change after time setting elapsed at Mode A
terminals N.O. (3-1) and N.C. (4-1) also at left side of the circuit terminals N.C. (5-8) and N.O. (6-8).

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UNIT (₱) (₱)
TOTAL

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VI. PROCEDURE:
1. Draw the ladder diagram of two motors that will functions as follows: Pressing Start push button,
motor 1 will energize. After a preset time of ten seconds, motor 2 will function but de-energizing
motor 1 at the same time. Then after another 10 seconds motor 1 will run back and both motors
are running until pressing the Stop pushbutton turning off both motors. Draw all indicator lamps.
3. Draw the ladder diagram of three motors (M1, M2, M3) that will energize one after another using
timer relay with an interval of 10 seconds. Ten seconds after energizing motor three, all motor will
be de-energize and the sequence will be repeated until Stop button is pressed turning off the
whole circuit interrupting the sequence. Show the idle and fault conditions using pilot light
indicators.
in evaluation.
b. START button pressed.
c. STOP button pressed.
d. OVERLOAD TRIP condition one by one for each motor.
e. OVERLOAD RESET condition one by one for each motor.
f. Pressed EMERGENCY STOP push button upon re-starting to initial sequence.

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NOT ENERGIZE
Component ENERGIZE CLOSE/OPEN SIMULATION RESULTS IMAGES
N.C. / N.O.
Magnetic Contactor & Timer Relay

M1 Holding Contact
Timer Relay Contact 1
M2 Holding Contact
Timer Relay Contact 2
IDLE Auxiliary Contact 1,2,3
Thermal Overload
TRIP Auxiliary Contact 1,2,3
Pilot Lights
Red 1, 2, 3
Green 1, 2, 3
Yellow/Orange
Push Buttons
START 1, 2, 3
STOP
EMERGENCY STOP

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POWER “ON”
MOTOR 1 START
M2 RUN UPON ENERGIZE M1 AND AFTER 10

SEC. ELAPSED
M3 RUN UPON ENERGIZE M2 AND AFTER

ANOTHER 10 SEC ELAPSED
STOP
RE-START MOTOR SEQUENTIALLY
EMERGENCY STOP
RESET
RESET
RESET
POWER OFF

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VIII. CONCLUSION:
(Discuss how does a automatic sequential motor control function by referring to your design diagram)
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XI. Evaluation:
Differentiate an OFF-delay from an ON-delay timer relay?
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Activity No. 12
REDUCED VOLTAGE STARTER CIRCUITS
I. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the operation of some types of reduce voltage starters motor starters.
2. State the importance of reduced voltage /current starters.
3. Draw accurately some examples of reduce voltage starters motor starter circuits.
4. Appreciate the importance of gaining skills in drawing and interpreting a reduce voltage
starters.

Reduced voltage starting minimizes the shock on the driven machine by reducing the starting torque
of the motor. A high torque, applied suddenly with full voltage starting, may cause belts to slip and wear or
may damage gears, chains, or couplings. The material being processed, or conveyed, may be damaged by the
suddenly applied jerk of high torque. By reducing the starting voltage, or current at the motor terminals, the
starting torque is decreased.
The category of reduced voltage methods generally includes all starting methods which deviate from
standards, line voltage starting. The reduced voltage starters achieve either to reduce line current or reduce
starting torque.
It is important to note that when the voltage is reduced to start a motor, the current is also reduced,
and so is the torque that the machine can deliver. Regardless of the desired result, remember that the other
will always follow.
It is also necessary for an electrician/electrical practitioner to understand the behavior of a motor
during startup and acceleration periods. Such understanding enables one to select the proper starting method
to conform to local power company regulations.
There are several types of reduced voltage starting methods, which includes primary resistance
starting: a resistance unit connected in series with the stator reduces the starting current; autotransformer
or compensator starting: manual or automatic switching between the taps of the autotransformer gives
reduced voltage starting; impedance starting: reactors are used in series with the motor; part winding
starting: stator winding of the motor are made up of two or more circuits; the individual circuits are connected
to the line in series for starting and in parallel for normal operation; and the solid-state electronic control:
control of current or acceleration time is achieved by gating silicon controlled rectifiers with the AC half cycle.

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Figure 1. Primary Resistor Starter with two-step acceleration
Figure 1 illustrate an automatic, primary-resistor-type reduced voltage starter with two steps of
acceleration. The circuit consists of resistors connected in series with a three-phase squirrel cage induction
motor. A control transformer is used to reduce the line voltage, supplying the motor to 120 volts to operate
the control circuit. When the start button is pressed, a circuit is completed to the coil of M starter, causing all
M contacts to close. The three M load contacts connect the motor to the line through the series resistors. The
three resistors limit the amount of current supplied to the motor. Current flowing through the resistors
produces a voltage drop across them. The resistor voltage drop causes a voltage drop across the motor
terminals also. The motor starts with reduced voltage applied to it. As the motor accelerates, the current flow
to the motor decreases, causing less voltage drop across the resistors and more voltage to be applied to the
motor. When M coil is energized, the two M auxiliary contacts also close. One is used as a holding contact,
and the other energizes the coil of on delay timer TR. At the end of the timing period, TR contacts close and
energize the coil of S contactor. When S coil energizes, the S load contacts connected in parallel with the
resistors close and short circuit the resistors. The motor is now connected directly to the power line. When
the stop button is pressed, M starter coil de-energizes, causing all M contacts to return to their open position.
The three M load contacts open and disconnect the motor from the power line. The M auxiliary contact
connected in series with TR coil opens and causes on-delay timer TR to de-energize. This causes TR contact to
open and de-energize S coil. When the three S load contacts reopen, the circuit is back in its original de-
energized state. For maximum operating efficiency, push buttons and other pilot devices are usually located
on the driven machine or in easy reach of the operator. The starter is located near the motor to keep the
power circuit wiring as short as possible. Only three small connecting wires are necessary between the starter

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and the pilot devices. A motor can be operated from any of several remote locations if a number of push
buttons or pilot switches are used with one magnetic starter, such as on a conveyor system. AC primary
resistor starters are available for use on single-phase and three-phase reversing operations. They are also
available with multi points of acceleration.
Figure 2. Autotransformer Starter

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Shown on Figure 2, when the start-button is pressed a circuit is completed to the coil of control relay
CR, causing all CR contacts to close with reversing starters. When the S load contacts close the motor is
connected to the power line through the autotransformers. The autotransformers supply 65% of the line
voltage to the motor. This reduced voltage produces less in-rush current during starting and reduces the
starting torque of the motor. When the time sequence for TR timer is completed, both TR contacts change
position. The normally closed TR contact opens and disconnects contactor S from the line causing all S contacts
to return to their normal position. The normally open TR contact closes and supplies power through the now
closed S contact to coil R. When contactor R energizes, all R contacts change position. The normally closed R
contact connected in series with S coil opens to provide interlocking for the circuit. The R load contacts closed
and connect the motor to full voltage.
Figure 3. Part Winding Starter

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In a two-step part winding starter, Figure 3, pressing the start button energizes the start contactor (S).
As a result, half of the motor windings are connected to the line and a timing relay (TR) is energized. After a
time delay of approximately 5 seconds, the timer contacts (TR) close to energize the “run” contactor. This
contactor connects the second half of the motor windings to the line in parallel with the first half of the
windings. Note that the control circuit is maintained with an instantaneous normally open contact (TR)
operated by the timing relay (TR) and the starting contact (S). Pressing the stop button or tripping any overload
relay disconnects both windings from the line. When starting on one winding, the motor draws approximately
two-thirds of the normal locked rotor current and develops approximately one-half of the normal locked rotor
torque.
A two-step part winding starter has certain obvious advantages:

1. It is less expensive. Most other starting methods require additional voltage reducing elements such
as transformers, resistors, or reactors.
2. It uses only half-size contactors.
3. It provides closed transition starting.
The two-step part winding starter also has disadvantages:

1. The fixed starting torque is poor.
2. The starter is almost always an incremental start device. It is unsuitable for long starting, high-
inertia, loads.
III. Draw your complete Control and Power Circuit Diagram Via EKTS or Technical Drawing
Note: EKTS diagram can be print screen below, draw the ladder diagram of the following using
magnetic contactors and time delay relay. Indicate pilot light indicators to show Idle, Run and Fault
conditions.
1. PRIMARY RESISTANCE
2. AUTOTRANSFORMER
3. PART WINDING MOTOR STARTERS

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IV. Conclusion:
(Explain how a reduced voltage starter function. Select a circuit to be discussed in full details)
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V. Evaluation:
List all the advantages of reduced voltage starters, what its main purpose? and why it is required
especially on large or high rated motor?
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Activity No. 13
STAR - DELTA REDUCED VOLTAGE STARTER
I. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the operation of a Star-Delta Starter motor control circuit.
2. Draw accurately a Wye-Delta Starter motor control circuit.
3. Appreciate the importance of gaining skills in drawing and interpreting a Star-Delta Starter.

Star-Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage starters in three phase motor.
They are used to reduce the starting current applied to the motor during start-up by means of reduce voltage
since both parameters are directly proportional. Traditionally in many supply regions, there has been a
requirement to fit a reduced voltage starter on all motors greater than 5HP (4kW). This regulation was
introduced in order to reduce the starting current. Star-Delta starter is one of the lowest cost
electromechanical reduced voltage starters that can be applied, and therefore it has been so popular.
The starter is wired from three contactors, a timer and a thermal overload. The contactors are smaller
than the single contactor used in a Direct Online starter as they are controlling winding currents only. The
phase current or current through the winding are 1⁄√3 (58%) of the line current. There are two contactors
that are close during run, often referred to as the main contactor and the delta contactor. These are rated at
full voltage and current of the motor. The third contactor is the star contactor and that only carries star current
while the motor is connected in star. The current in star is one third of the current in delta, so this contactor
can be AC3 rated at one third of the motor rating.
Three overload relays are furnished on star-delta starters. These relays are wired so that they carry
the motor winding current, Figure 1. This means that the relay units must be selected based on the winding
current, not the delta-connected full-load current. If the motor nameplate indicates only the delta-connected
full-load current, divide this value by 1.73 to obtain the winding current, which is used as the basis for selecting
the motor winding protection.
Open transition starting for a star-delta starter is shown in Figure 2. As indicated in the line diagram
on the right, the automatic transfer from star to delta is accomplished by a pneumatic timer. The timer is
operated by the movement of the armature of one of the contactors. Operating the push-button station start
button energizes the contactor S. The main contacts of contactor S connect three of the motor leads together
(T4, T5, and T6) to form a star. At about the same time, the normally open, control contact (S) of the same
contactor energizes another contactor (1M) and maintains itself. Because the pneumatic timer is attached to
contactor (1M), the motor is connected to the line in star and the timing period is started. When the timing
period is complete, the first contactor (S) is de-energized. As a result, normally closed interlock S is closed, and
contactor 2M is energized to connect the motor in delta. The motor then runs in the delta-connected

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configuration. This start-run scheme is called open transition because there is a moment in which the motor
circuit is open between the opening of the power contacts (S) and the closing of the contacts (2M).
One advantage of this starting method is that it does not require accessory voltage reducing
equipment. A star-delta starter has the disadvantage of open circuit transition, but it does give a larger
starting torque per ampere of line current than a part winding starter.
Figure 1. Controller connects motor in wye on start and in delta for run. Note that the overload relays are
connected in the motor winding circuit, not in the line. Note also that the line current is higher than the
phase winding current in the diagram for the delta connection (B). Winding current is the same as the line
in diagram (A).

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Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning
Figure 2. Star-Delta Starter Circuit
Note: EKTS diagram can be print screen below, draw the ladder diagram of STAR - DELTA motor starter
using magnetic contactors and time delay relay. Indicate pilot light indicators to indicate IDLE, START,
RUN, TRIP conditions.

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IV. Conclusion:
(Explain how a STAR-DELTA reduced voltage starter function, discussed in full details your design circuit)
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V. Evaluation:
List all the advantages of STAR-DELTA reduced voltage starters in comparison to other types.
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Activity No. 14
APPLICATION OF FORWARD-REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL
I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to
1. Discuss circuits involving the application of Forward-Reverse Motor Control.
2. Draw accurately Forward-Reverse motor control circuit
3. Appreciate the importance of gaining skills in using Forward-Reverse Circuit in actual
situations.

The Forward-Reverse motor control is used in a system where lateral or vertical movements are
required in an operation such as in elevators, conveyors or cranes. Forward–Reverse control can be done
manually or automatically with the use of limit switches and timer relay (TR).
Limit Switches in Forward –Reverse Motor Control Application
Switches are commonly employed as input devices to indicate the presence or absence of a condition
in a system or process that is being monitored and/or controlled. In motorized electromechanical systems,
limit switches provide the function of making and breaking electrical contacts and consequently electrical
circuits. A limit switch is configured to detect when a system's element has moved to a certain position. A
system operation is triggered when a limit switch is tripped. Limit switches are widely used in various industrial
applications, and they can detect a limit of movement of an article and passage of an article by displacement
of an actuating part such as a pivotally supported arm or a linear plunger. The limit switches are designed to
control the movement of a mechanical part. Limit switches are typically utilized in industrial control
applications to automatically monitor and indicate whether the travel limits of a device have been exceeded.
Typical Limit Switches

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Note: EKTS diagram can be print screen below. Show the IDLE, FORWARD, REVERSE, STOP/EMEGENCY
STOP, JOG FWD. & REV., TRIP conditions for both applications.
1. Draw the ladder diagram of a motor control circuit that limits the Forward and Reverse motion of an
overhead crane driven by a motor using two single pole limit switches X and Y. Limit switches
automatically stops the motor once the crane reaches the other end. Pressing the Reverse pushbutton
allows the motor to run in counter direction, moving the crane to the opposite side.
2. Draw the ladder diagram of a motor control circuit that limits the Forward and Reverse motion of an
elevator driven by a motor using two limit switches X and Y both with NC and NO contacts. The circuit
should allow automatic reversal of the elevator once the lift reaches the topmost part and vice versa.
IV. Conclusion: (Explain the function of the limit switch in a Forward-Reverse Motor Circuit)
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Assessment Procedures
- Participate on the Q&A portion and consultations.
- Posting and presentation of simulation activities via e-mail / MS teams
- Online presentation per activity, will be rated with the following criteria:
1. Delivery Expertise…………………………………………. - 50 points
2. Simulated Ladder diagram organization………... - 25 points
3. Preparation and Time Management ……………… - 25 points
TOTAL = 100 points
- Documented activities must be submitted on your MS Team notebook or files on or before given
deadline per activity.
- For Offline submit accomplish activity soft copy thru my TUP e-mail add [email protected]
or thru messenger on or before given deadline per activity. Portfolio type hardcopy is required via LBC
or other courier services if totally no net availability but subject for approval.
Learning Resources
References:
Carroll, L. (2013). Motor Control Phase 2 Module No. 2.4 Trade of Electrician Standards Based Apprenticeship
COURSE NOTES (pp. 1-42). 27-33 Upper Baggot Street Dublin 4 Ireland: SOLAS.
Csanyi, E. (2016, November 7). 6 Lockout Operations Every Electrician MUST Perform And Respect. Retrieved
from electrical-engineering-portal.com
Dr. Shahl, S. I. (n.d.). Three-Phase Induction Machines. Retrieved from

https://www.uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-eee/lectures
Electrical 4 U. (2019, June 2). Fleming's Left and Right Hand Thumb Rules Explained. Retrieved from E4U:
https://www.electrical4u.com
Electrical 4 U. (2019, July 11). Single-Phase Induction Motors. Retrieved from E4U:
https://www.electrical4u.com
Formisano, B. (2020, January 2). Multi-meter or Volt-ohmmeter. Retrieved from The Spruce:
https://www.thespruce.com
Herman, S. L. (2010). Electric Motor Control, 9th ed. 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA: Delmar,
Cengage Learning.

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Herman, S. L. (2017). Understanding Motor Control, 3rd ed. 20 Channel St., Boston, MA 02210: Cengage
Learning.
Holt, M. (2009). Basic Principles of Motor Controls. Retrieved from

https://www.mikeholt.com/instructor2/img/product/pdf/1245861713sample.pdf
Hydro One Network Inc.,. (2013). Electrical Safety Handbook for Emergency Responders. Ontario, Canada:
Hydro One Networks Inc.
HyperPhysics. (n.d.). Variations of Faraday's Law. Retrieved from http://hyperphysics.phy-

astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/farlaw2.html
Ibraheem Alnaib, A. M. (2019, May). Single-Phase Induction Motors. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332835297
IIEE. (2017). Philippine Electrical Code Part 1. Cubao, Quezon City: Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers
of the Philippines, Inc.
Kuphaldt, T. R. (2007, July 25). Lessons In Electric Circuits, Volume II – AC, 6th ed. Retrieved from
https://www.ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/electricCircuits/AC/AC.pdf
RV TechMag Electrical Tutorial. (2017). Chapter 1. Introduction to Elecricity. Retrieved from RV TechMag:
https://www.rvtechmag.com
Safety Management Group. (2016, February 2). Eight steps for safer lockout tagout programs. Retrieved from
https://safetymanagementgroup.com//
Service Titan. (2020, May 22). 25 Essential Electrician Tools for 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.servicetitan.com/blog
Siskind, C. S. (1966). Electrical Machines Direct and Alternating Current, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill.
Theraja, B. a. (2005). A Textbook of Electrical Technology Vol. II AC & DC Machineries, 1st Multicolor ed.
Retrieved from https://www.engbookspdf.com/Electrical-Books
U.S. Department of Labor. (2001, December 09). Basic Electrical Safety. Retrieved from OSHA Office of
Training and Education: http://www.labtrain.noaa.gov/osha600/refer/menu12a.pdf

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Other Resources
- Power Point Lecture, Module 1-5 Lecture Notes
- YouTube Videos
EATON (Motor Controls 101)
Automation Academy (Motor Controls 101)
Jun Aux TV
Electrical PH Tutorial
RYB Electrical
Pinoy Teknisyan
Pinoy Electrisyan
- EKTS Simulation Software Link

https://veppa.com/ekts

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Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT CODE: ESW 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

For the Orientation:

For the Topics:

- Actively participate on each activity of simulation.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Name: Course, Yr. & Sec. Subject:

1. Appreciate the importance of a reliable motor control system.

II. Technical Information:

Three-Wire Control: The Seal-In Circuit

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Copyright 2009 www.MikeHolt.com

1. What are the basic components of a motor starter?

2. How important is the ladder or schematic diagram of a motor control circuit?

3. What is the purpose of the disconnect switch?

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

4. What components provides short circuit protection for the motor?

5. How does the overload relay protect the motor?

7. Why is a two – wire control unsafe to be used in a motor control circuit?

8. Differentiate instantaneous, latching and timed delay relay.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

9. Differentiate an ON-DELAY time relay from an OFF-DELAY time relay.

11. Enumerate the motor components being asked on each item:

a. Types of Control Switches (5)

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

12. Write the meaning of the following acronym:

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Name: Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______Subject:

At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Push Button Switch

Push Button Switch

Emergency Stop Push

Liquid Level Switch

Pressure and Vacuum

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Control Relay Coil

Motor Starter Coil

Plug and socket

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Full Wave Rectifier

Name: Course, Yr. & Sec.: _Subject:______

Resistance Reading (NE) _ / /__

(ES) _ / /__

N.C. Resistance Reading __________ _