Residential building

Definition 1
A building used for dwelling in which the dwelling area makes up at least one-half of the total
floor area (Classification of buildings).

Definition 2
, residential buildings refer to the main categories of Residential buildings (A) and Free-time
residential buildings (B) in Statistics Finland's classification of buildings. These are divided into
the following sub-categories:

 detached houses: one and two-dwelling houses, semi-detached houses and other detached
and semi-detached houses.
 terraced houses: rowhouses, terraced houses and other attached houses
 blocks of flats: balcony-access blocks and houses with at least three dwellings of which at
least two are on top of each other.
 free-time residential buildings: detached summer cottages or free-time residences mainly
intended for private use.

How to carry out the best site analysis in the

class!
Here you will find pretty much everything you need to think of when you are carrying out a site
analysis for your university design project.

What to take with you

Depending on the assignment you will want to consider taking the following items with you
when you go to look at a potential site, or proposed site for your design project. It is unlikely you
will be sent to a site that will require PPE (personal protection equipment) without prior
knowledge but it could be worth checking with your tutor that it is not required.

 Camera – essential. Make sure you take pictures of everything. Also, make sure you get some
shots of the site from a distance so you can use these in your final images, cgi’s and so on. It is
so frustrating when you go to the trouble of visiting a site and come back wishing you had taken
more pictures. Don’t be embarrassed about taking pictures if it is in a built up area. No one cares
what you are doing!
 Note book. Really important to be able to jot down any observations.
 Tape measure. Some sites may be close to hazards or situations where you will need to measure
the proximity.
  Good weather! If you have a choice of when to visit the site try to pick a day when there is a bit
of blue sky around. It will look better for your site photos, particularly if you are planning on
using them in future presentations.

What to look out for

I would suggest you go with a list of items to look out for, and check off your list so that you
don’t miss anything. My list would go something like this:

Site and Surroundings

 Site location details (road names, address, major landmarks etc)

 Current context – existing buildings, car parking, roads.
 Access to the site – car parking, bus routes, train stations, cycle routes, pedestrian walkways.
 Accessibility – current provisions of disabled access to the site and how will this need to be
considered.
 Circulation – how do visitors/pedestrians/traffic to or near the site flow around or within it.
 Vegetation – landscaping, greenery, shrubs and trees, open spaces.
 Views – where are the best views to and from the site. Which is the most likely feature aspect?
 Building context – what style, period, state of repair are the surrounding buildings? It is a
historical/heritage/conservation area? Will your design need to reflect the existing style?
 Is the site close to listed buildings?
 Surfaces and materials around the site.
 Site levels. How will this affect your design process? How does the site drainage work, would
there be any potential problems with drainage?
 Weather – how does the weather affect the site? Is it well shaded, exposed?
 Noise, odour and pollution – is the site in a particularly noisy area? Or near industrial buildings
that produce levels of pollution. Is it near a facility that creates smoke?

Hazards

 Electricity lines
 Drainage
 Telephone lines
 Sub-stations

Some of these hazards, and many others would be difficult to know without surveys being
carried out but show your tutors that you have considered the hazards that could be on or around
the site.

Things to look into when you get back to your computer

 History of the site – anything you can use to inform your design. If the site sits in a conservation
area or close to listed buildings you may need to go into more detail regarding cultural
significance, historic significance, etc.
  Climate conditions of the site/area. Sun path and angles.
 Aerial photographs and maps (google and bing have really useful and quite different aerial
images).
 There are probably loads more things to look at, and each site is very different, but hopefully
this will give you a starting point for getting the best out of your site analysis.

How do I determine my bedroom layout?

Before you buy a new furniture set, be sure to consider the room size. Even though you might
need three dressers and two nightstands, you might not have the space. Measure the furniture and
visualize where it will go so you can judge what will fit where. Be sure to leave plenty of
walking space, and double check that drawers and cabinets have enough room to open properly.
When picking your bed spot, think about windows and doors. Even if you have blackout
curtains, placing a bed underneath a window might be a bad idea, while even the smallest crack
in the door can stream hallway light in as you try to sleep.

How do I pick my bedroom color scheme and decor?

Although your color scheme is often a personal opinion, there are some colors that are more
relaxing and therefore better suited for your sleeping spot. Studies have found that people with
blue bedrooms often get more sleep because of the calmness it elicits. Brighter colors may lead
to a better mood, but it also might keep you up longer at night. If you have a significant other,
you should also consider using neutral colors so everyone stays happy. Purple and pink might be
too feminine, so try variations of green, gray or brown instead. When it comes to decor, try to
keep photographs out of the room for added romance, and don't clutter the space with
knickknacks — it can be overstimulating and cause intimacy or sleep trouble.

How can I create a master suite?

For those looking for a master escape instead of just a nice place to sleep, try adding a sitting
room, master bathroom and walk-in closet. Create your own personal reading nook by buying a
relaxing chaise lounge, day bed or sofa. You can even add a fireplace and wet bar or coffee bar
for those cold winter nights. Finally, ensure you get time in the bathroom each morning by
installing one just for you. You can add a relaxing bathtub and makeup vanity for a complete
getaway from it all, and be sure to include a nice closet to store your large (and expanding)
clothes collection!

Bedroom Size
Minimum and standard bedroom sizes
On this page you'll find bedroom size info showing bedroom dimensions and bedroom
layouts for each bed size. This information is part of the bedroom design series.

The minimum bedroom sizes are based the minimum clearance, plus a wardrobe and
desk or dressing table and/or bedside locker.

The standard bedroom sizes are based on the more comfortable clearance, plus some
furniture. As the size increases, there is room for more wardrobes and a desk or
dressing table - making a good bedroom size.

Bed size Minimum bedroom size Standard bedroom sizes

Twin bed size 7' x 10' 7' x 10'

(single UK) (2.13 x 2.13m) (2.13 x 2.13m)

Click for single / twin bed Smaller but not to code 8' x 9'
size bedroom layouts 6'6" x 6'6" (2.44 x 2.74m)
(1.98 x 1.98m)

Twin bedroom 9' x 9' 10' x 9'6"

(two single beds) (2.74 x 2.75m) (3.05 x 2.9m)

Click for twin bedroom 10' x 10'

layouts (3.05 x 3.05m)

Double bed size 9' x 9'6" 9'6" x 10'6"

(2.74 x 2.9m) (2.9 x 3.2m)

10' x 12'
(3.05 x 3.66m)

Bedroom size for a twin (single) bed

Minimum / standard bedroom size (twin/single) by code

I'll start by saying that most building codes (and as it happens, the UK housing act)
require a minimum floor area of 70 square foot (eg 7 x 10ft bedroom) with a ceiling
height of 7ft 6ins of ceiling height for a room to be 'habitable'.

This matters because a single bedroom could fit into a space smaller than this (imagine
a cozy bedroom for a toddler using a small attic room) but it won't meet this
requirement and you won't be able to list it as a bedroom on a real estate listing.

Here's a single bedroom layout built to the minimum bedroom size code requirements
(standard bedroom size for a twin/single bed I guess). You can see some more single
bedroom layouts on the kids bedroom design page.

Here's two 8 x 9ft (2.44 x 2.74m) which fulfill the 70 square foot code requirement. The
layout doesn't work nearly as well as with a 7 x 10 ft design though. It's not as efficient.
The space left over at the end of the bed is an awkward space to fill - there's only room
for some shallow storage with 2ft of circulation at the end of the bed.

Using a pocket door means that there's no door swing into the wardrobe door or the
desk chair.

Minimum bedroom size (twin/single) - smaller than code

If you're going to go smaller - just be aware that it won't be recognized as a bedroom -

and make sure there's a planned fire escape route.

This tiny single bedroom 6ft 6in x 6ft 6in would fit in a single bed, small wardrobe and
desk but would be very cramped and would not comply with building code. This room
would also benefit from a pocket door.

I've seen this arrangement when a closet (with a window) was converted to make a
small bedroom when two children were sharing a room - come to think of it the door
would have swung out into the bedroom.

Here's a couple more single bedrooms which are bigger but still come in under the
building code requirement.

Bedroom size for a twin bedroom (two singles)

Minimum bedroom size for two twin beds

When it comes to twin bedrooms (two single beds) the minimum size is about 9ft x 9ft
(2.75 x 2.75m) but this doesn't allow for an awful lot of space in between the beds and
any desks or wardrobes are going to be on the small side with less than ideal space for
dressing.

Standard bedroom sizes for two beds

If we move up to 10' x 9'6" (3.05 x 2.9m) or 10ft x 10ft (3.05 x 3.05m) we get a bit more
comfort.

In the bedroom design above you can see what a difference the door placement makes.
There's less room for furniture in this bedroom layout.

You can see more twin bedroom layouts on the kids bedroom design page.

And of course there's bunk beds - see the bedroom sizes for a single twin bed. Just
while we're on bunk beds, I've given you the ceiling heights down below and you might
also find the built in bunk beds page useful.

Bedroom ceiling heights for bunk beds

Kid's bunk beds Adult bunk beds

Clearance from bed to ceiling 3ft 3ft 6in

Typical bunk bed height between between

4ft 6 in and 5ft 5ft 6in and 6ft

Minimum ceiling height for bunk beds 7ft 6in (for a 4ft 6in height bunk 8ft 6in (for 5ft 6in bunk bed)
bed)
9ft (for 6ft bunk bed)
8ft (for 5ft bunk bed)

Bedroom size for a double bed

Minimum bedroom size for a double bed

The minimum bedroom size for a double bed is 9ft x 9ft 6in (2.74 x 2.9m).

Here's a slightly different arrangement where a deep headboard with a shelf has been
added to make up for the absence of bed side locker. The size of the door has been
reduced to 30ins to make this bedroom layout possible.

Standard bedroom sizes for a double bed

If the size of the double bedroom increases to 9ft 6in x 10ft 6in (2.9 x 3.2m) then we
gain a bit more space but the layout doesn't change much.

Go up to 10ft 6in x 11ft 6in (3.2 x 3.5m) and we get nice clearance and room to move
the wardrobes onto a wall and room for a dressing table.

There's only 6 inches in it between a double and a queen (or king UK) bed so take a look
at all the bedroom layouts in this section and in the queen (king uk) secti

dining room
1.

a room in which meals are eaten, as in a home or hotel, especially the room in which the major or more
formal meals are eaten.

2.
Informal. the furniture usually used in a dining room and sometimes sold as a matching set, as a dining
table, chairs, and sideboard; dining room suite:

living room
1.
a room in a home used, especially by a family, for leisure activities, entertaining guests, etc.;
parlor.
Lebensraum (def 2).

.KITCHEN
1. A room or an area equipped for preparing and cooking food.
2. A style of cooking; cuisine: a restaurant with a fine French kitchen.
3. A staff that prepares, cooks, and serves food.

kitchen
a. a room or part of a building equipped for preparing and cooking foo
1. a room or place equipped for cooking or preparing food.
2. culinary department.
3. the staff or equipment of a kitchen.
adj.
4. of or resembling a pidgin language, esp. as used for communication between employers and
employees who do not speak the same language.

Purpose of buildings
A difference is usually made between the purpose of buildings and the use to which they
are put.

 What is the difference between "purpose of buildings" and "occupancy" ?

o The purpose of building concept, which relates to urban planning law, covers why a building is
constructed, the purpose being part of the information given in the application for a building
permit.
 o Occupancy is de facto as regards the use to which a building is put and relates to a prerogative of
the French Construction and Housing Code intended to prevent housing from being used for other
purposes in certain communes.

What is Site Investigation?

Site investigation is carried out in order to enable a geotechnical and geoenvironmental
assessment of the ground conditions and analysis of the engineering and environmental
considerations related to the proposed development.

The design and scope for each investigation will depend upon site-specific circumstances such as
the anticipated geology, previous use of the site and the construction proposals. There are a
variety of techniques and procedures that may be used, and each consultant may adopt a different
approach for any particular project. However, it is usual for the investigation to be carried out as
a phased exercise:

Phase 1 — desk study and reconnaissance survey

Phase 2 — intrusive investigation, sampling, analysis and report

Phase 3 — design of remediation strategy (if required)

Phase 4 — validation and monitoring of remediation during the construction works

It is essential that the information obtained from each phase is assessed to ensure that the original
objectives of the investigation are satisfied. Changes to the scope of the investigation, or even the
design proposals and construction works, might be needed in the light of any unexpected
findings.

The terms site investigation and ground investigation are frequently confused. At RSA
Geotechnics we think of a site investigation as involving the collation of desk study information,
appraisal of the data, assessment of the ground conditions and the provision of an interpretative
report. To us, a ground investigation is generally a more restrictive phase of specialist intrusive
geotechnical investigation with associated site monitoring, testing and factual or interpretative
reporting.

SITE ANALYSIS
GOAL:
To become aware of energy efficient designs and construction that will save energy, cost
less to operate and have less of a negative impact on the natural environment.
OBJECTIVES:
 The student will demonstrate how knowledge of the natural environment and site details
can affect the design process in building an energy efficient structure by conducting a site
analysis.
GLOSSARY:
Physiography - The physical features of geography (site).
Hydrology - Water movement on the site.
Sensory Stimuli - Anything that stimulates the senses.
Evapotranspiration - Vegetation pulling water up from the ground and evaporating it
through its leaves, thus cooling the surrounding air.

Site analysis.
Site analysis is a predesign research activity which focuses on existing and potential
conditions on and around the building site. It is an inventory of the site factors and forces,
and how they coexist and interact. The purpose of the analysis is to provide thorough
information about the site assets and liabilities prior to starting the design process. Only
in this way can concepts be developed that incorporate meaningful responses to the
external conditions of the site.
The typical site analysis includes the site location and size, neighborhood context,
zoning, legal aspects, geology, physiography (natural and man-made features),
hydrology, soils, vegetation, wildlife, climate, culture, pedestrian and vehicular
circulation, access, utilities, historic factors, density, sensory stimuli, and any other factor
deemed appropriate for the particular site.
An understanding of these issues is important in designing a successful home that not
only meets its internal responsibilities, but also relates well to its external environment.
The home should last for many years, so the analysis of the site should take into account
the site's existing and future problems and capabilities.
The secret of using the site analysis is to design a good relationship between the building
and the site itself. The building design should be in harmony with those beneficial site
conditions and strive to save, reinforce, amplify, and improve on what is existing. The
analysis will identify those site conditions which may be altered, eliminated, covered up,
disguised or reformed. Basically, take advantage of the good things nature has to offer
and protect against the bad aspects of the site. It is important to make these decisions
deliberately and thoughtfully so that the effects of the building on the site are deliberate
rather than accidental or incidental.
All the factors needed for a complete site analysis can generally be categorized into
aesthetic, cultural, and natural forces. Aesthetics has to do with what the person who will
live on the site thinks is beautiful (the designer has the responsibility to educate the client
to possibilities); culture is the background of the people living in the area; and the natural
factors are the background of the environmental elements. For the purpose of energy-
efficient design, natural factors need to be investigated and understood. The natural
factors which are most important for thermal comfort in this analysis can be listed under
climate and microclimate.
Microclimate.
 Each specific site has its own unique climatic characteristics that need to be analyzed.
The climatic aspects of the specific site or areas on the site are called the microclimate.
The specific characteristics of the site are analyzed only after one has a good
understanding of the macroclimate and general climatic characteristics which give an
overview of the climate for your region. The microclimate must be studied not only for
the natural elements, but for how any man-made elements, such as buildings and
landscaping are affecting and/or will affect the site. For example, a windbreak that
protects against the winter winds can change the microclimate of the site significantly
(See Figure 1).

Climate Elements
1. Sun.
The sun's movement on the site will be the same as that shown in the sun diagrams in
"Appendix C". Existing elements (natural or man-made) on and around the site will have
definite shading patterns. Understanding those patterns can help in determining the
building location and configuration. For any given spot on the site, one can draw the
existing elements on the sun graph grid provided in "Appendix C". Just as the sun path
was plotted by knowing the azimuth and altitude of the sun, existing site elements can
also be drawn on the graph from any one spot on the site. The diagram now shows which
locations on the site receive sunshine and shade. These same diagrams can be used to
determine shadow patterns to be drawn in plan.
2. Wind.
Wind at the site and at different locations on the site can vary from the general wind data
given for your area. A better understanding can be obtained by testing a true scale model
of the site and buildings in a wind tunnel. When wind testing is not feasible, the designer
can understand wind direction and speed by using five basic principles of air movement:
velocity, direction, pressure, density and the venturi effect.
First, as a result of the friction, air velocity is slower near the surface of the Earth. The
cause of this reduction in velocity is the roughness of the ground, including contour
changes and vegetation configuration. Ground wind velocities measured at the site are
frequently much lower than those measured at the top of an airport tower. Likewise,
exposed sites or buildings at altitudes higher than the airport tower are likely to
experience much higher wind velocities.
The second principle is that air tends to continue moving in the same direction when it
encounters an obstruction. As a result it tends to flow around objects like water flows
around a rock in a stream, rather than reflecting off the objects.
Third, air flows from high-pressure to low-pressure areas. For example, cross ventilation
is created by a positive pressure being built up on the windward side of a structure and a
negative pressure being created on the leeward side.
The fourth principle of air movement is convection, which involves the temperature and
density of the air. For example, air flowing from a forested area to a meadow will tend to
rise because air in the meadow is exposed to more solar radiation, making that air less
warmer and dense (See Figure 2).

Figure 2. Air Convection

And finally, when the air flow is channeled and restricted, the pressure rises and the
velocity increases. This is called the venturi effect (See Figure 3).

Figure 3. Venturi Effect

By using these principles and understanding how air moves and acts similar to a fluid,
like water, we can visualize wind patterns on different sites and in different conditions.
The wind pattern near large bodies of water is generated by the heat gain, heat loss, and
heat storage variations between land and water. Water will have more stable
temperatures. The wind is usually moving toward the land during the day when the land
is heating up faster than the water and when the water is absorbing solar heat. At night
the direction is reversed, with the breezes flowing from the land, as it cools, to the water,
as it radiates stored heat to the night sky (See Figure 4).

Figure 4.
In valleys, the wind moves uphill during the day as the sun warms the air, causing it to
become less dense. At night, air flows back down the valleys like a river, as it cools and
becomes heavier. Pockets or lakes of this cool night air can be damned just as water can.
This kind of wind pattern is similar to fog that forms in the cool air pockets of Louisiana
(See Figure 5).

Figure 5.
One of the more important principles for ventilation in Louisiana is that high pressure and
low pressure areas develop around an object that obstructs the path of air flow. Some of
the aerodynamic principles that result are that the windward side usually creates a high
pressure area as air stacks up and attempts to move around the object, creating a cavity of
negative pressure (low pressure area) on the leeward side of the object. The velocity of
air movement increases as it rushes around and over an object, and it can also create a
dead air space on the leeward side of the object.
 3. Humidity.
Sites located near large bodies of water or rivers tend to be more humid than inland areas.
Wind direction also affects humidity. Downwind from the water is more humid than up
wind. Vegetation will also increase moisture in the air. Water vapor is a gas that occupies
the same space with other gases that together constitute air. But in some ways, water
vapor acts independently of the air. For any given temperature and degree of saturation,
water vapor in the air exerts its own vapor pressure. It flows or migrates from areas of
higher vapor pressure toward areas of lower vapor pressure in air or in materials.
Moisture, driven by vapor pressure, can even travel through porous materials through
which air cannot pass.
4. Temperature.
The microclimate temperatures of the site may be different from the general data
collected at the airport and can vary significantly at the site. Again, large bodies of water
will tend to stabilize temperatures on the land adjacent to them. During a hard freeze in
the False River area of Louisiana, most of the citrus trees within a quarter mile of the lake
survived, while most of those outside that area did not.
Through evapotranspiration, trees and other vegetation cool the air around them. A moist
lawn is 10° to 15°F cooler than bare soil and 30°F cooler than unshaded asphalt. The
shade temperature of a large tree can be 10° to 15°F cooler than the unshaded lawn
during a summer day.
Sites with a more southern slope will be warmer than a flat site because radiation from
the sun is more perpendicular to its surface. Likewise, a northern sloping site would not
receive as much radiation and would therefore be cooler.
Residential data

1. 1. 0 RESIDENTIAL DATA
2. • Safety from all natural source & climate conditions • General facilities for community of his
residential area. - A residence :- is living or dwelling in a certain place permanently or for a
considerable length of time. - A house :- is a home, building, or structure that functions as a
habitat for humans or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of dwellings ranging
from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to complex structures composed of many systems.
English-speaking people generally call any building they routinely occupy "home". RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS: These building include any building in which sleeping accommodation provide for
normal residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining facilities. It includes single or
multi-family dwellings, apartment
3. 4. 3 houses, lodgings or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and residential
hostels. - Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different classes of
people & depends on the income &status of the individual a highly rich family with require a
luxurious building, while a poor man we satisfied with a single room house for even poor class
family. A standard residential building of bungalow type with has drawing room, dining room
office room, guest room, kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room, front
verandah, stair etc., for other house the number of rooms may be reduced according to the
requirements of many available. Types of residence There are many types of HOUSING such
as :- - A detached house -A semi-detached house -Terraced houses -Cottages -Bungalows -
Block of flats -A penthouse -A villa -A mansion – häärber -A country house -A stately home -A
townhouse -A mobile home -Caravan -Stilt houses -A wigwam -Tepees -An igloo -Houseboats -A
 boathouse -A chalet -Tents -Tree houses -A log cabin -Dormitory -Condominium e.t.c... 1- A
detached house -It is a free-standing residential building. -Generally found in less dense urban
areas, the suburbs of cities, and rural areas. -Surrounded by a garden. -Garages can also be
found on most lots.
4. 5. 4 A detached house 2- A semi-detached house -They consist of pairs of houses built side by
side as units -They share a party wall -Usually each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin -
Symbolic of the suburbanisation of the United Kingdom and Ireland -This type of housing is a
half-way state between terraced and detached houses. A semi-detached house 3-Terraced
houses -A terrace(d) or row house, is a style of housing in use since the late 17th century. -A row
of identical or mirror-image houses share side walls. The first and last of these houses is called
an end terrace.
5. 6. 5 Terraced house 4- Cottages -A cottage is a dwelling, typically in a rural (sometimes village),
or semi-rural location. It is usually one and a half storey property. Cottage 5-Bungalows • A
bungalow is a house which is all on ground level. Traditionally small, but today it can be quite
large. Bungalows 6-Block of flats
6. 7. 6 -A block of flats (BrE) or an apartment building (AmE) is a multi-unit dwelling made up of
several apartments (US) or flats (UK) -If the building is a high-rise construction, it is termed a
tower block in the UK Block of flats 7-A penthouse -A penthouse is a very expnesive apartment
on the top floor of the building -Often occupies the entire floor -May have a private entrance or
lift -Associated with a luxury lifestyle A penthouse 8-A villa -British English a house that you use
or rent while you are on holiday -a big house in the country with a large garden -an ancient
Roman house or farm with land surrounding it Villa
7. 8. 7 9-A mansion -A mansion is a very large and stately dwelling house for the wealthy. 10-A
country house -The English country house is generally a large house or mansion -It was a
weekend retreat for aristocrats as well as a full time residence for some aristocrats and for the
minor gentry (maa-aadel) -It has at least 25 rooms and at least 8,000 square feet (740 m²) of
floor space, including service rooms. 11-A stately home • These houses became a status symbol
for the great families of England. • Country houses and stately homes are sometimes confused
—while a country house is always in the country, a stately home can also be in a town. 12-A
townhouse • Historically in UK and Ireland, a townhouse (or a "house in town") was a residence
of a peer or member of the aristocracy in the capital or major city. • Most such figures owned
one or more country houses in which they lived for much of the year.
8. 9. 8 • They moved to town when the Parliament was in session 13-A mobile home -BrE a large
caravan which always stays in the same place and is used as a house 14-Caravan BrE a vehicle
that a car can pull and in which people can live and sleep when they are on holiday = AmE trailer
15-Stilt houses • Stilt houses or pile dwellings are houses raised on piles over the surface of the
soil or a body of water. • Todat stilt houses are still common in parts of South East Asia, Papua
New Guinea and West Africa. 16-A wigwam It is a single room dwelling used by certain Native
American tribes. 17-Tepees • A tipi (also teepee, tepee) is a conical tent originally made of
animal skins or birch bark • Popularized by the American Indians of the Great Plains • The
dwelling was remarkably durable, and gave warmth and comfort during harsh winters, it was dry
during heavy rains, and cool during the heat of summers. - Tepees 18-An igloo • An igloo,
translated sometimes as snowhouse, is a shelter constructed from blocks of snow, generally in
the form of a DOME
9. 10. 9 • Predominantly constructed by people of Canada's Central Arctic and Greenlands Thule
area. 19-Houseboats -It is a boat that has been designed to be used primarily as a human
dwelling. Some are not motorised, because they are usually kept stationary at a fixed point. 20-
A chalet -A house with a steep sloping roof, common in places with high mountains and snow,
 such as Switzerland 21-Tree houses - A wooden structure built in the branches of a tree for
children to play in . Tree House 22-Dormitory -especially BrE a large room for several people to
sleep in, for example in a boarding school or hostel -AmE a large building at a college or
university where students live [= HALL OF RESIDENCE BrE] 23-Condominium...................e.t.c -
One apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is owned by the people
living in it. An igloo Tents House Type
10. 11. 10 - Determining the type of house (i.e. bungalow, split level, bi-level, two storey, etc.) to be
designed should be a direct result of developing the floor layout as it best relates to the site. The
design process (Stage I - Conceptual Design) accounts for Characteristics of the land that
influence position and orientation of the structure. If, for example, the site slopes to some
degree, it may be advantageous to Choose one type of house over another, as illustrated. - It is
most convenient to position the main floor as near to ground level as possible. A split level, for
example, adjusts to a sloping lot well, with the main floor stepped down from the upper level to
follow the slope of the lot. - Bungalow: Single main floor level with ground level entrance. Main
advantage simplest to design and build.
11. 12. 11 - Raised Bungalow: Slightly higher profile than bungalow with greater number of exterior
steps to main floor. Main advantage foundation may be built with larger basement windows. -
Bilevel Higher profile with two levels. Ground level entrance half way between floors. Main
advantage the exposure of foundation wall above ground allows for larger windows and a more
livable lower level. - Split Level Two adjacent but offset floor levels above ground. Main
advantage allows separation of living and working areas from sleeping area.
12. 13. 12 - Storey and One Half Ground level main floor entry with steep pitched roof allowing
partial development of attic. Main advantage attic floor level development at minimal extra cost.
Rooms of residence :- There are many rooms in a residence such as:- -Living Room -Dining Room
-Family Room –Kitchen Room -Master Bed Room –C.H Bed Room -Guest Bed Room -Mad’s Bed
Room -Dressing Room - Bathroom -Shower Room -Hand Wash -Half Bath -Den or Office –Bar
room -store -laundry -Study Room -Pray Room -Play Room - GYM room -Garage - Garage Store -
Balcony -Terrace -Utility rooms and e.t.c… are rooms of residence. - Out door space -Swimming
area out or in door space -Green Area -Parking out or in door space - mini kitchen - Outside
lounge -Play Area -Greenery Area - Garden House and e.t.c… Circulation There are two types of
circulation vertical circulation and horizontal circulation. -Vertical Circulation
13. 14. 13 - There should be at least one route that does not have stairs to each accessible space in
a building. In new construction, this is usually not difficult to accomplish because the location of
entrances, such as:- -Elevators, - Ramps -Stairways -Structural elements, mechanical systems,
and exterior grade elevations can be adjusted. -Horizontal Circulation - The design of horizontal
circulation frequently determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure. such as:-
-Corridor - Lobby -Hall -Verandah -Porch and e.t.c…
14. 15. 14 -Circulation Spaces Corridors, aisles and other similar space required for occupants to
access means of egress and all other functions - Minimum corridor size is 90cm but the standard
size is 1.2m - Minimum veranda size is 1m but the standard size is 2m
15. 21. 20 Functions of rooms and terminology - Standards of room size - International standards -
Standards of rooms furniture’s - Different rooms arrangement - All standards reference - In a
residence rooms have their own function and terminologies. -Living Room A room in a house for
general and informal everyday use. sitting room, lounge, parlous, front room, drawing room,
room, reception, salon, family room. Function of living room The living room has many
purposes. Here are some of them: - Have a relaxed one-to-one conversation with your partner -
Hold a get-together with friends - Sit and read quietly - Watch television or a video - Listen to
music - Pursue a hobby (such as jigsaws) - Children’s playroom Standard of living room size -
 Minimum Area = 24m2 - Minimum Width = 3m - Minimum Door Size = 90cm - Minimum
Window Area = 1/10th floor area - Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm - Require View and
South Side Exposure - Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the front door
Residential Rooms Special Requirements - Living Room - Open both to the members of the
family and visitors - Located near the main entrance of the house
16. 22. 21 - Location of Living Room Door should allow direct access to living room as soon as we
enter into the house -Oriented the living room to capture the best view from the site - Have big
windows (French window) facing the main street - The location of the room should not allow
view to private spaces like Kitchen, Bed Rms, Bath Rms etc -The location of doors in living room
should not allow cross circulation - South exposure is preferable - Light interior color is
preferable
17. 24. 23 - Family Room a living room used by all family members for recreation and relaxation.
Function of Family room - Have a relaxed one-to-one conversation with your Family. - Watch
television or a video - Listen to music with family Residential Rooms Special Requirements -
Family Room - Open only to the members of the family - Located at back (private) part of the
house -Oriented the Family Rm to capture the best view from the site - Adjacent to living and
dining room - Dining room a room in a house or hotel in which meals are eaten. Function of
Dining room :-Only for meals are eaten. Standard of Dining room size - Minimum Area = 12m2 -
Minimum Width = 3m - Minimum Door Size = 90cm - Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor
area - Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm - Require View and South or East Side Exposure -
Should be adjacent to Kitchen and Living Rooms Residential Rooms Special Requirements -
Dining Room - - Open both to the members of the family and visitors - - Located adjacent to
Kitchen and Living Rm - - There should be swinging door from Kitchen to Dining Room - -
Oriented the Dining Rm to capture the best view from the site - - Have windows facing east
direction Furniture and fittings data Dining room
18. 26. 25 -Kitchen Room a room or area where food is prepared and cooked. Function of Kitchen
room - prepared and cooked area Standard of Kitchen room size -Minimum Area = 6m2 -
Minimum Width = 1.8m - Minimum Door Size = 90cm - Should be at the back of a house
adjacent to dining room - Orient to north side ( cooler side) & kitchen yard - Minimum Window
area should be 15% of floor area - Perimeter of work triangle should be between 3.6m to 6m
Residential Rooms Special Requirements - Kitchen
19. 27. 26 - Eastern aspects to admit morning sun to refresh & purity the air. - North or East
exposure is preferable - Should be located at the back of the house - Easy and direct access from
kitchen to garage is important - Kitchen should be next to Dining and Utility Rooms - Natural
light and ventilation is important Furniture and fittings data Kitchen room
20. 31. 30 - Master Bed Room the principal bedroom in a house; usually occupied by the head of the
household. Function of Master Bed Room bedchamber, bedroom, accommodation, sleeping,
Chamber - a room used primarily for sleeping. Standard of Master Bed Room size - Minimum
Area = 12m2 - Minimum Width = 2.7m - Minimum Door Size = 90cm - Minimum Window Area =
1/10th floor area - Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm - Require View and East Side
(morning sun) Exposure - Should be at the quiet part of the site preferably on upper floors
Residential Rooms Special Requirements - Bed Room - Private spaces and requires quietness -
East exposure is best and south exposure is preferable - Bed rooms should be located near bath
room - Light to medium interior color is preferable -Child bed room Child bed room is a room for
sleeping for children in. -It is bedrooms for kids of all ages and genders of the head of the
household child. -guest bed room makes guests feel welcome and comfortable, even though
they may be far from home. - Isolated Room with attached bathroom. - located in such a way
that it gets privacy. -mad’s bed room is a female servant who works in house bed room.
 21. 34. 33 -Dressing Room Dressing room (also often referred to as virtual fitting room and virtual
changing room although they do, on examination, perform different functions)
22. 36. 35 -bath room is a room for personal hygiene, generally containing a bathtub or a shower,
and possibly also a bidet. • Bath Room - Minimum Area= 4m2 - Minimum Width = 1.5m -
Minimum Door Size = 70cm - Bath Rooms should be adjacent to bed rooms - Minimum Window
height is 1.5m - Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile • Half Bath
Room - For visitors and contain WC and HWB - Minimum Area = 2.5m2 - Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm - Should be near living & dining room - Minimum Window height is
1.5m - Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile • Residential Rooms
Special Requirements - Bath Room - locate in the private part of the house - avoid direct view
from living room to bath room door - Natural ventilation and light is important. Furniture and
fittings data Bath room
23. 40. 39 Car Port/ Garage a building for housing a motor vehicle or vehicles. -Minimum Area =
15m2 - Minimum Width = 3m - Minimum Length = 5cm - Should be at the front of a house and
accessible from the main gate • Residential Rooms Special Requirements - Garage - Easily
accessible from main gate - Easy access from garage to main entrance and kitchen
24. 41. 40 Furniture and fittings data Car Port/ Garage
25. 42. 41 Study Room:- is a room in a house which is used for paperwork, computer work, or
reading.
26. 45. 44 Store:- Near to the room for which it gives service.
27. 65. 64 Programming for residence No Description No of rooms (Pc) Area (m2) Total Area (m2)
28. 66. 65 1. Living Room Attach – Gust w.c 1 60 60 m2 2. Family Room 1 35 35 m2 3. Dining Room 1
40 40 m2 4. Kitchen Traditional kitchen 1 20 Modern kitchen 1 25 45 m2 5. Master Bed
Room/with sitting chair 1 40 Attach - Bath Room 1 15 Attach - Dressing Room 1 10 65 m2 6. 1-
child Bed Room 1 20 Attach - Bath Room 1 8 28 m2 7. 2-child Bed Room 1 20 Attach - Bath Room
1 8 28 m2 8. Gust Bed Room 1 20 Attach - Bath Room 1 8 28 m2 9. Mad’s Room 1 12 Attach -
Shower 1 6 18 m2 10. Pray Room 1 20 20 m2 11. Study Room 1 15 15 m2 12. Office Room 1 20
20 m2 13. Gym Room 1 25 25 m2 14. Garage /2 cars parking’s 1 35 Attach – Store 1 10 45 m2 15.
Utility Rooms Store 1 8 Laundry Room 1 8 Generator Room 1 8 24 m2

66 16. Roof Terrace 1 30 30 m2 Swimming 1

20 20 m2 Total Area = Circulation 20% =
Wall Standard Furniture Measurements
Dining Room

Dining room tables and chairs are also usually made according to standard measurements. You
can find more detailed measurements for different types of dining table here. Chairs will slightly
vary in size as well. The measurements below are what you can expect to find on avarage.

 Dining table w/1 leaf – 36” W x 72” L

 Round dining table for four people - 36" Diameter to 44" Diameter
 Side chair – 18” D x 18” W
 Arm chair - 18” D x 22” W
Bed Room

The bedroom usually has a bed, nightstands and a chest of drawers. The measurements for beds
are more standardized than for any other piece of furniture largely because you have to think of
finding the right size mattress and bedding for them.

Nightstands and chests can vary and there are several types of chests. The numbers below are for
a basic, small chest.

 Twin size bed – 39” W x 80” L

 Double bed – 54” W x 80” L

Home Office Furniture

Home office furniture varies in size too. Traditionally desks were larger but today we can pick
from smaller scaled desks and chairs. Office furniture is also adjustable in height. You can adjust
your desk into a standing desk, and make your chair go lower or higher. The dimensions will
vary from manufacturer to manufacturer because there is an emphasis on office furniture that fits
the user's needs.

 Traditional office desk – 48” W x 30” Deep x 30"H

 Desk chairs – 20-22” W x back 36” H
 Computer chairs – 18” W x 36” H