Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    Green House Gases (GHGS)

    Uploaded by

    054kusumsarsar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Green House Gases (GHGS)

    Uploaded by

    054kusumsarsar
    5 views8 pages

    Original Title

    Green House Gases (GHGs)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views8 pages

    Green House Gases (GHGS)

    Uploaded by

    054kusumsarsar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Green House Gases (GHGs)

    Green House Gases (GHGs)

    The gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called Green
    House Gases (GHGs).

    Major GHGs are:

    1. Methane (CH4)
    2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
    3. Water vapour (H2O)
    4. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
    5. Chloro flouro carbons (CFCs)
    6. Tropospheric Ozone (O3)
    Carbon dioxide (CO2)
     Carbon dioxide (CO2) is
    primary GHG emitted
    through human activities.
     Its concentration is increasing
    rapidly since 1960s ( Refer
    figure).
     It is naturally present in
    atmosphere as part of carbon
    cycle.
     Human activities e.g. burning
    of fossil fuels, deforestation, Figure: Atmospheric CO2
    burning of waste, change in Image courtesy: NOAA ESRL
    land use pattern, (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/)
    transportation, electricity
    production increases the In March 2020, the concentration
    concentration of CO2. of CO2 in the atmosphere was 414.50
    ppm (NOAA).
    Jan 21’: 415.24 ppm
    Methane (CH4)
    Methane is very effective is causing
    warming as it absorbs infra red
    radiation of different wavelength.
     It is 28 times more powerful than
    CO2 at trapping heat (infra red
    radiation) in the atmosphere.
     The atmospheric residence time of
    methane is approximately 9 years.

    Emissions sources of methane:


     Decomposition at landfill sites
     Waste water treatment
     Enteric fermentation in ruminants
     Anaerobic respiration in soils of Figure: methane (CH4 ) concentration
    wetlands Image courtesy: NOAA, ESRL
     Rice cultivation (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends_ch4/)
     Methane hydrates (molecules of
    methane frozen in ice crystals) In December 2019, the concentration
     Biomass burning of CH4 was estimated to 1874.7 ppb.
     Coal mining Oct 2020: 1890.9 ppb
    Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
     Nitrous oxide is increasing in the
    atmosphere and causes as much as 5-
    6 % of human made green house
    effect.
     It is 310 times more powerful than
    CO2 at trapping heat in the
    atmosphere.
     Its atmospheric residence period is
    for 114 years.

    Source of Nitrous Oxide:
     Agricultural activity
     Biomass burning
     Industrial process i.e. fossil fuel Figure: nitrous oxide concentration
    burning Image Courtesy: NOAA ESRL
     Nylon production (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends_n2o/)
     Burning of nitrogen rich fuels
     Denitrification of nitrogen rich Conc. Of N20 in Oct’ 2019 : 332.1 ppb
    fertilizers in soil Oct’ 2020 : 333.4 ppb

     Deforestation
    Water vapour (H2O)

     Water vapour is most abundant GHG in atmpsophere.


     When temperature of atmosphere increases, more water
    is evaporated from water bodies. As GHG, the more the
    water vapour, the more it will absorb infra red radiations
    radiated from the earth and thus more warming of
    atmosphere.

     The concentration of water vapour changes rapidly.



     Sources of water vapours: Global water cycle
     Evaporation
    Tropospheric Ozone (O3)

     Ozone found in the troposphere


    is termed as ‘bad ozone’ as it is
    secondary pollutant and also act
    as GHG by trapping heat into the
    atmosphere.

     The exhaust emissions from


    automobiles and pollution from
    factories increases the
    concentration of carbon and
    nitrogen molecules in lower
    atmosphere. When these
    molecules are acted on by
    sunlight, it produces
    tropospheric ozone.
    Figure: tropospheric Ozone formation
     Ozone is a contributor to Image courtesy: NASA AURA
    photochemical smog. (https://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/outreach/
    garden_faq.html)
    Chloro Floro Carbons (CFCs)

     Chloro Floro Carbons (CFCs) i.e. CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-114,


    HCFCs, HFCs, SF6 )
     They are man made gaseous compounds of carbon and halogens
    (chlorine,bromine, Iodine).
     They are increasing at rapid rate which pose a great threat to atmosphere
    and human health.
     CFCs have long atmospheric residence period of 12-100 years.
     CFCs are 12000-15000 times more effective than CO2 at trapping infrared
    radiations.

    Sources of CFCs:

     Leaking of refrigerators, and air conditioners


     Cleaning of electronic components
     Production of plastic foams
     Aerosols spray cans

    You might also like