~r---------------------------------------------------------------~~

~
n0~
~
0
I
rt 5
1\) oo•
o'}>
.......
0'\
2

OAriJM

<b ~ ®
CONOU/T OR TUNNEL

PRESSURE FLOW
DEFINITION SKETCH
SLUICE
 EM lll0-2-1602
15 Oct 80

1.0

0.9

o.i'

0.7
-· --
.............
~
lo
":"._:x v v

- -- -
~ / ' SUGG£ST£D DESIGN CURV£
'~ ;t!_j~
o.e 'a--
0
-- -· --
/

:::lo
0.5
-....:~

¢
- ""---' .__
-- >-- h
0.4
0

0.3 •

0.2
I 2
I 3 4 5 6 8 10
F=-v-
-liD

~ DATA SOURCE BOTTOM SUPPORT CONDUIT SHAPE

--<r- STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA NONE CIRCUL.AR

0 DENISON MODEL. L.EVEL. CIRCUL.AR
• DENISON PROTOTYPE L.EVEL. CIRCUL.AR
• GARRISON MODEL. PARASOUC CIRCUL.AR
V YOUCOHIOGHENY MODEL. I ON 20 CIRCUL.AR
X ENID PROTOTYPE PARABOL.IC CIRCUL.AR
0. FORT RANDAL.L. MODEL. L.EVE:L. CIRCUL.AR
6 FORT RANDAL.L. PROTOTYPE L.EVE:L. CIRCUL.AR
i' OAHE PROTOTYPE PARABOL.IC CIRCUL.AR
t BEL TZVIL.L.E PARASOL.IC CIRCUL.AR

Y TUTTLE CREEK PROTOTYPE PARABOLIC HORSESHOE

0 MELVERN PROTOTYPE PARABOLIC HORSESHOE

0
/PRESSURE GRADIENT
-...z._ E'XIT PORTAL

- -----r ~ ll

j
BOTroM SUPPORT

EXIT PORTAL PRESSURE

FROM HOC 225-1

PlATE C-3
~r-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~~1~
;:J::> VALUES Of (VO) fOR WATER AT &o• I Vl, ~
t-3 a a 10 1 a to' e 0) I-'
- -- -- 4• -- -
2 .. 10 2 4 4 4 10..
~ OOJSr---~~,----,-r-r--r-TTr;~,-----~-r----TT-,--T-~T-~-r----~-,----~--r-~-,~~-.----~~r----r~---r-,~-;~ 0
-~, ! - - )_ --t-t ~ rt j:;
o.oJO~I--~-=:':-",:·;:-s-;-~-;~~~;;=t:=$!--:$--$-W-_: : :,·; :·: ,·: ·: ·: :-: :~f~:-:; :;: - :;:- :'f': : :._: :_~_t:_: : -_-: :_.f-:':- ~t: :-f: ; _-+f:ftf= '= ~ ASBESTOS CEMENT (21\N)
ASBESTOS CEMENT (151N) " ~:~~~~~ ~~:~~~;uNNEL =f=
0 200
. ~ ~
------~ -f----j~-t--H-+-1---·- X VICTORIA AQUEDUCT
• CHELAN STATION 1

1"~ i_=_=_;::;::_$"-::.::::-~-~-~~--~~-+.J:~--·-_-_-~-~~Jll~~=-+=+::+_=_4=_ +_++-f=--==:~:-::: :~ • ~~E:~~~TBECK I- ~

DENVER CONDUIT NO 3 !
..--=---=--=·=·-- DENVER CONDUIT NO. 10 TUNNEL
002S f--- - I'
1------t---t--+1.:-f--t-t+----- ROUSE - - 1 - -++-!----- V
DENVER CONDUIT NO 13
SPAVINAW AQUEDUCT
e
. FORT PECK TUNNEL
OAHE TUNNEL
400 2
F----=··-=_-::--::__t---_-__-+_-_-_--:--++_,.,:t~++-__---_ I R 9
---
--.._
_-t--HH-t-H'<-:--,---ff 200 0 ---t-+--t-1-j-
" 0
~-=--
"'--t-t--t-H---- ___ NEYRPIC TESTS-PRECAST
CONCRETE
QUABBIN AQUEDUCT
...,+ ENID TUNNEL
PINE FLAT SLUICE,1952
PINE FLAT SLUICE,
600

800
0020 ~...-,::::::---t----t-=~'=l,...,.HH+hr~=+==1F==t=Fi::~~=~=::::::::::. J 19~6-1958 +
~r--. : ~ '·,' --+ - u' u.- ~j UMATILLA RIVER
UMATILLA DAM T t-
PROSSER .
1000

~~~ ..__ I--f- '.;!-'"r-:,~l=:t:~-+-j:r'='-:ti-::::::::_::_.::_.::_=il~~~~;,,::·jl> ~~-~~+1==1

-r::::-.::~¢:1 :t~: : : : : : := i~.: ~.: ~.: ~.: ~_;~I,;_~_L_E;_ -t-.:·;j:- :-t,: - t- :j:-~: ,-x.H=l
l>t;- _;:j_'

·1>1.:-
.c...,.. ~... WH-. t _)__._li------+----+----~----1---! _,L
2000

II
~ ~-.I!. X ~"-~
--.. T
~ '""'I- _)_ -- _ ______)__
ROUGH PIPE LIMIT
------+--+
i I I ' I .
i

'.,.,
0

..
0.015
--~~~~ x· ~ v ... - - t - 1--
0
...,
1- 1~ ~~)I> ~ 9 ... -+- I' ~!t ;. f~!-:- VON KARMAN PRANDTL ~
4000
"':rz
...... --~ ~·2LOG 2 ~ "::>
6000

......, ': : : :;: N._ 1 ""I--f- 1- -f-.- '..._ t 11 / +174 4 1

8000
0
0:
10,000 ~
z
...
1-
~-~----C-)0--L-E-B~OOK-WHITE ~--~--·-~ • ', I I I ; !(
Ill
- __!_ = _ 2LOG ( K /D + 2.51 ) _~~~fl. ,-+r--"'•=t""'•"t-•lloo,.-.t.~.l-h-~T--
=-=-.-.--+-_-~,c-:..,.,-+-,--hvr+-,1-+-H----+--I-+---+--+-+-I-++-t .J
...0:
iii 20,000 ~
0010 t--- ff 37 R ff ....,tllt::;:t:--. -1 -_....__ • . ~-+---r----+---"--1
-t--+--!...._1--t--H-+----.-
!--- - ~~ ]I -----= -=---·-r-·9--~~-~==="'"==~~~~---rf'l 40,000

""""~l::i ~~-~;;."Zi"!--~~bd---
~-.-/-__--;:~~h...-+=J-l=1-f-+:~:;;:::'-='=---·-f. _'. ,-·1 :;'-;=-"!'~=- =-t _=_'!=,-:;"1'--=~.,j
·
0009
60,000
SMOOTH PIPES _ ______.. 80,000
100,000
·- 0 . ~ . -:.!~ f' ~ -- ....,~Hi_-+1-H
0.008
1----f-----t-t---1--1--t--H-t-----t-----t,-t-_-+--:+"-++-j . ;__ ... ,1'__
0007 .---------1----J---+--t--+-+-+-++-------t-
VON KARMAN-PRANDTL :>::::::--:-" t--' 0
- _,_
-~--
---t---t--~~t-+-t-1
,- -..:
200,000

1-----+---1---t~l--t-+-t-1-t---- _
I
ff = 2 LOG
·""
IR vf -0.8 ~
___..-/ ......._
~,
''-'
1 -
r-- '-- i'-
, _ 400,000
I .............. :-- - : --- - - 600,000

r~~~~fd~§§~~~~~~31++~r======f+-~t--=--4=+~J+~~~~~:--~=~~~~
0006 800,000
1,000,000
-t---- - - - - "T-H---~
-.........__::+--~--+- -1--t--t--f-+-t-t
- ---- ~- --[-I+ 2,000,000

Q005L-~~~~~~~~~-~-~-~I-u4~~J-~-~-~-~---~-~~_;_-~-~-w4~-~-~-.:~-~4~-~-j~~-+~-~~[-~--~~~~~~~-~~--~--~~~~~~~~l·~
·~~~~~~~l.~tUJ
10$ 5 e 1 e v ao• s e 1 e • 10' 2 ~ e 1 a 1 to• 5 e 1 e 9 to•
REYNOLDS NUMBER fR: V~
NOTE~ hr = RESISTANCE LOSS, FT
L =LENGTH OF CONDUIT, FT
0 ::DIAMETER, FT V =KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, FT 2/SEC
k = EFFECTIVE ROUGHNESS, FT o_aJ x to-~ eo· F s RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS
\1 :: VELOCITY, FPS 1.21 X 10-S@. 60"F
f = RESISTANCE FACTOR 1.60 X 10-.5 @. 40" F CONCRETE CONDUITS
m = REVNOLOS NUMBER
FROM HOC 224-1
 EM 1110-2-1602
15 Oct 80

WETTED HYDRAULIC

To
I
SECTION
AREA
(A)

RECTANGULAR SHAPE

.,
PERIMETER
(p)

2(B+H)
RADIUS
(R)

BH
2(8 +H)

t---B---1
CIRCULAR SHAPE

0 -710 2
4

VERTICAL-SIDE HORSESHOE SHAPE

-4D

CJ
~ 11~
71~ BH+-2-
TH BH+-
2
8+2H+11r
8+2H +11r
j_
..-s--f
OBLONG SHAPE

BH +11 r2
2(H+7Tr)
2(H + 11 r)

& CURVED-SIDE HORSESHOE SHAPE (USBR)

~ 3.3172 r' 6.5338 r 0.5077 r

HYDRAULIC ELEMENTS
CONDUIT SECTIONS
FROM HOC 224·2
PLATE C-5
EM lll0-2-1602
15~0ct 80
Sen/n2 ONLY
20 30 60
10
-- 40 50

-t
70

H~
.. ..

·- r--1-- - -- f=
N ~--
R 17 ..)---- f-- ..
--~ -- ~-
f- f-
J..--
0.9
CK II " ' I / H.J/Z k~
I ... /
········ ······
H6/.1
fX ...c"f''
.r..
.. /
········
0.8
I !/' >\ H
.J.~·:.:·;
.../..
... ···

! / ';l/ I
I
0.7
I
I !/ /)
v \ Scl!f
n~...-
1/
./'

i I
'

0.6
·I// I , ... · ;j,'
I v' I
!l H
T
v·· H I I J j
•

li I

l .. / I

0.4
I I i ./ I '
I /
0.3
1/ 'j
I~
I /
..
'
I I
!

I
I

0.2 ! il I v·
i/
I I
I
I
I J
If I /
/
·... I I I

--
0.1 ·· ....

~
~" ·····
........ "· ....
······ I
f.- '"i""" ·····-······ ...... ····· ············· ·········
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
.a -'..Is.. .I. A_ --L.. ~"' _f_
HZ ' H'f2 ' H ' H H ' H•;3 ' H '
a. FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF USSR
STANDARD HORSESHOE TUNNEL SECTION

b. GEOMETRY OF CROSS SECTION OF

USBR STANDARD HORSESHOE TUNNEL

LEGEND
A AREA OF' FLOW CROSS SECTION H/2 CROWN RADIUS
Ym HYDRAULIC DEPTH OF' SECTION • A/T n MANNING ROUGHNESS
H CENTRAL HEIGHT OF' TUNNEL AND FACTORS
MAXIMUM WIDTH OF' TUNNEL
CK CONVEYANCE F'ACTOR OF' MANNING F'ORMULA • 1.486 AR%
p WETTED PERIMETER
R HYDRAULIC RADIUS• A/P
Sen CRITICAL SLOPE F'OR NORMAL DEPTH
T WIDTH OF' WATER SURFACE
y CENTRAL FLOW DEPTH
z SECTION F'ACTOR• Ayym FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
B ANGLE OF' HORIZONTAL DIAMETER WITH
WATER SURFACE ON OPPOSITE SIDE HORSESHOE CONDUITS
FROM HOC 224-10

PLATE C-6
 EM 1110-2-1602
15 Oct 80
--------------------------------------------

0.20

0.15

90
'+-
...:
z
Ul
u
0.10
K90/ .............
1--F"= 0.722

90
o-o· 4
I

I
u. ............. .......
r- ...
u. 0.08 .... ,
LIJ
0
u ........ ~
90 ...... 90
Ul
u
........ .... ,........ ~90
..,:.go
z 0.06 .... .... .......
r--- .... ~
<(
r---, he2 90'
1-
!!!
<I)
0.05 ..... " ......... ....
~.: 61
966 ........
LIJ
a: 72 . ~

>
so·
u
a:
0.04
n;2
66
........ ~ 75
::>70
<(
0 ..... ....
........ 70• HELIX ANGLE
0.03

<&o .........
..... r--- 60•
Ds2
0.02
0.5 0.6 0.8 2 3 4 5 6 8 10
PIPE DIAMETER 0, FT

RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT
CORRUGATED METAL PIPE
(From SAFHL, item 112)
PLATE C-7
EM 1110-2-1602
15 Oct 80

1.0

l\
0.8
\
\
0.6
\ I\ /
r EXPANSIONS K = [ A,J
1 -A';"

K
-............. \
0.4 ~~
~
~ / 1- CONTRACT,IONS

~ [c,c- ~
0.2
" ........
~
K =

......
2

~
0.0
~
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 o.e 1.0

A, (EXPANSIONS).~ (CONTRACTIONS)
A A
2 1

EXPANSIONS CONTRACTIONS

2
I v

~
---, A~
v,
~

A, A2

v~
h£ = K "2g

WHERE

hf = HEAD LOSS, FT
K =LOSS COEFFICIENT
V =REFERENCE CONDUIT VELOCITY, FPS
2
A= CROSS-SECTION AREA, FT
2
g =ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY, FT/SEC

Cc =CONTRACTION COEFFICIENT
(FROM WEISBACH) HEAD LOSS COEFFICIENTS
ABRUPT TRANSITIONS

PLATE C-
 EM 1110-2-1602
15 Oct 80
0.8
-- --- --- ___ J ____+ -
I
-~ ~GIBSlN Dz/01 =J.O ---
I

o.e

I I
I

v
I

-- ~
rHIIANG 2.0

K 0.4

~·
I ~' -C
GIBSON

--
.._---..,i l - - -t.--=-=. ..:.= =..::; ---
<~ -- ...::;~; --=-=
1.5
I PErER$
I
IV
+-
I /,' r
•!- ~··!-
0.2

~~
I
I
~
v,
l -
7
F\lt~

20 40
I I I I
ao 10()
(} , DEG
o. EXPANSIONS

ooL~~~~~:2!o~___l_____..to----_l----~~h-----L---~a~o----JL----~~oo
e., DEG
b. CONTRACTIONS

BASIC EQUATION
+ FROM PLATE C-8
FOR 0 = 90".

h.f
K •·-----
V2/2g
WHERE:
h ~ HE.O.D LOSS, FT
f: .O.CCELER.O.TION OF GR.O.VITY, FT/SEC 2
LOSS COEFFICIENTS
v, : .O.VER.O.GE VELOCITY IN THE St.I.O.LLER
CONDUIT. FPS
CONICAL TRANSITIONS
FROM HOC 228-4

PLATE C-9
EM 1110-2-1602
15 Oct 80

ll.20
-

--
c
WA.SIEL.(WSKI CURVES
TM 21-1-U.S WES
SUGCEST£0 DESIGN CURVES 1.0
v t---1.5
1.5
f- • fi (lo&elf +G)
f:J s OEr LECTION ANGLE IN RAOIANS j
v --1.5-- y
1.5
0.15

_,"
.I .-- ..-·1-

~
,- ~{ r -
2.-

/ _,.,"" / 4 4 ---
vJ ~
0.10

_,. .... -- --- ~To' ~-=-

i/ __.....::::: -""=--
/ /

- JQ·-

~ ---- ---
/
I L/ ~----~
I / ~-----
/ ~ _..
0.05

//
I l/ v, . . --
.... _.. ....
_____
~
-:-.'
...
~
.
,...
.
20
NOTE: FIGURES ON GRAPH INOIC-.TE r/O RATIO

I
•o . I I
eo . I I
00
I
100°
~ OEFLECTION ANGL.E 9
;:;
CIRCULAR BENDS
E
~

.
0
z
~

1.2

1.0

o.a

0.6
20 30 ..., $0 eo 00
8 IN DEGREES

b. SINGLE MITER BENDS

&A'!I.I C EQUATION

K •::/-
\1/29
WHERE K • BEND L.O!.S COEFF"ICIENT
h .t • HEAD L.OSS DUE TO BEND
BEND LOSS COEFFICIENTS
CIRCULAR CONDUITS
FROM H::>C 228- I AND 228- 2/1

PLATE C-10
 Ks = 0.015 Ks = 0.034 Ks =0.042 Ks = 0.066 Ks = 0.130 Ks = 0.236 Ks =0.411 Ks =1.12'l
Kr = 0.024 Kr =0.044 Kr=0.082 K1 =0.154 Kr =0.185 Kr =0.320 Kr =0.624 Kr= 1.265

Ks = 0.112 Ks = 0.150 Ks = 0.143 Ks =0.108 Ks=O.I88 Ks = 0.202 Ks = 0.400 Ks = 0.400

Kr= 0.284 K1 = 0.268 Kr = 0.221 Kr = 0.236 Kr =0.320 Kr = 0.323 K1 =0.534 Kr=0.601

'11'0 Ks Kr a/o Ks Kr a/o Ks Kr a/o Ks Kr

0.11 0.507 0.510 1.19 0.120 0.294 1.23 0.195 0.347 1.23 0.157 0.300

__t_:~o
0.94 0.350 0.415 1.40 o.m 0,252 1.44 0.195 0.320 1.67 0.156 0.378
1.11 0.333 0.384 1.50 - 0.250 1.67 0.150 0.300 0 • • 2.37 0.143 0.264
1.42
1.50
0.261
0.280
0.317
0.376
1.63
1.86
0.124 0.256
0.111 0.172
1.70
1.91
0.149
o.m
0.299
0.312
...,.... .
' 3.11 0.160 0.242

1.85 0.285 0.390 2.32 0.095 0.317 2.37 0.167 0.337 30'
2.56 o.m 0.42'l 2.40 0.095 - 2.96 0.112 0.342
3.14 0.346 0.426 2.91 0.108 0.317 4.11 0.190 0.354
3.7l 0.356 0.450 3.49 0.130 0.318 4.70 0.192 0.360
4.89 0.389 0.455 4.55 0.148 0.310 6.10 0.201 0.350
5.59 0.392 0.444 6.05 0.142 0.313
6.28 0.399 0.444
BASIC EQUATION ~
v•
hb = K2g 1-'
...........
WHERE:
hb : Hf:AO LOSS DUE TO BEND, FT LOSS COEFFICIENTS Ul~
K = BEND LOSS COEFFICIENT
Ks. FOR SMOOTH PIPE, K, FOR ROUGH PIPE CIRCULAR CONDUITS o'
of}'
V = FLOW VELOCITY, FPS
MULTIPLE MITER BENDS rt 1-'
0 1J = ACCELER.A.TION OF GRAVITY, FT/SEC 2
I COO\
1-'
1-'
REYNOLDS NUPIIIBEA ABOUT 225.000
(From SAFHL for U.S. Navy, item 4) og
~------------------------------------------------------------------------~