Phonics Handout

EFAL
Grades 4 – 6
 Contents Page
1. Consonant sounds 3
2. Short vowel sounds 3
3. Long vowel sounds 4
4. Common consonant blends 5
5. Common vowel blends 5
6. Common -r controlled words 6
7. Examples of decoding 7
8. PSRIP programme of sounds and phonics 8
Posters (enlarge to A3)
9 r/a 9
10 c/u/x 10
11 sh / o / ck 11 - 13
12 bl / ar 14 - 15
13 ch / ai 16 - 17
14 tr / ir 18 - 19
15 th / ay 20 - 21
16 br / ng 22 - 23
17 fl / a-e /-ng 24 - 25
18 nk / i-e 26 - 27
19 sp / o-e / ed 28 - 29
20 wh / u-e / oo 30 - 32
21 sl / ee 33 - 35
22 kn / ea / ow (know / cow) 36 - 38
23 oy / oi / ar 39 - 41
24 qu / ow (how) 42, 38
25 st / igh / oa 43 - 45
26 List of 400 sight and high frequency words 46 - 48

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 Consonant Sounds
c cat f Fish

b bat -ck pick d Dog ph phone

k kick -ff puff

l Leg
g gate h hand j jam
-ll Tell

n net
q
m mouse p pot quick
kn knee (kw)

r run s sun
t tap v voice
wr- wrist -ss dress

w water x
box y yellow z zip
wh
(ks)
why

Short Vowel Sounds

a e I o u
and end In on up
ant egg ink object under
apple enter igloo orange umbrella
arrow elephant insect octopus understand

The letters in grey / red sound different in African languages.

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 Long Vowel Sounds
(They sound like the letter name.)

A E I O U
a-e ee ie o-e u
cake see pie nose unite
save feet die woke music
name queen fried hope stupid
shade teeth tries home universe

ai ea i-e oa u-e
train eat ride boat use
chain leaf time goat tune
brain read five soap cute
paint teach wide float tube

ay -ey igh ow ue
day key sigh low glue
clay money light blow true
pray donkey fight snow clue
display monkey might pillow blue

-y y ew
lady my chew
baby fly grew
sunny try flew
funny fry drew

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 Common Consonant Blends
ch sh th (soft)
chin shop think
rich dish moth
much shut three
church wish teeth

tch th (hard)

match the
catch they
fetch those
pitch feather

Common Vowel Blends

oi oo ow au
oil Room cow Paul
boil moon town sauce
soil soon brown August
point broom crowd author

oy oo ou aw
boy book out saw
toy took loud draw
annoy foot cloud crawl
enjoy look shout awful

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 Common -r Controlled Words
ar er or
arm her fork
car herd sport
farm term short
star after torch

ir
girl
dirty
first
shirt

ur
turn
hurt
church
Saturday

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 Examples of decoding
rat r/a/t that th/a/t steam st/ea/m
jug j/u/g them th/e/m peach p/ea/ch
ant a/n/t play pl/ay know kn/ow
vet v/e/t holiday h/o/l/i/d/ay slow sl/ow
ship sh/i/p flap fl/ap flow fl/ow
lock l/o/ck flame fl/a-e/m boy b/oy
wish w/i/sh fling fl/ing enjoy e/n/joy
shock sh/o/ck training tr/ai/n/ing soil s/oi/l
block bl/o/ck sink s/i/nk spoil sp/oi/l
bless bl/e/ss blink bl/i/nk star s/t/ar
blush bl/u/sh spend sp/e/nd queen qu/ee/n
arm ar/m spot sp/o/t quit qu/i/t
farm f/ar/m spade sp/a-e/d town t/ow/n
sharp sh/ar/p rose r/o-e/s frown fr/ow/n
chop ch/o/p nose n/o-e/s haul h/au/l
much m/u/ch spilled sp/i/ll/ed audit au/d/i/t
chick ch/i/ck pinned p/i/nn/ed steep st/ee/p
chain ch/ai/n when wh/e/n storm st/or/m
nail n/ai/l white wh/i-e/t night n/igh/t
aim ai/m tube t/u-e/b fright fr/igh/t
train tr/ai/n book b/oo/k boat b/oa/t
truck tr/u/ck sleep sl/ee/p goat g/oa/t
trench tr/e/n/ch shame sh/a-e/m ground gr/ou/nd
bird b/ir/d tree tr/ee church ch/ur/ch
third th/ir/d knee kn/ee driving dr/i-e/v/ing

shirt sh/ir/t knot kn/o/t baking b/a-e/k/ing

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 List of Phonics for Phonics Review

Term Week New phonics Term Week New Phonics

b/ d/ e/ f/ h/
i/ j/ k/ l/ m/
1&2
n/ p/ s/ t/ y/
v/ w

1 3 r/ a 1 ch/ ai

5 c/ u/ x 3 tr/ ir
2
7 sh/ o/ ck 5 th/ ay

9 bl/ ar 7 br/ ng

kn/ ea/ ow (as in know

1 fl/ a-e/ -ing 1
and in cow)
3 nk/ i-e 3 oy/ oi/ ar

5 sp/ o-e/ ed 5 qu/ ow (as in now)/ aw

3 4
wh/ u-e/ oo
7 (long e.g. moon 7 st/ igh/ oa
short e.g. book)
9 sl/ ee

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 r a

rat ant
ram am
rod dam
ran fan
rant tan
rand band
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 c u x

cat mug six

can up fix
cap nut box
cup cut fox
cut sun wax
camp jug mix
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 o as in ostrich

on pot
top hot
mop lock
cot sock
flop frog
stop boss
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 ck as in sock

lock sick
mock sack
pick back
nick rock
dock luck
lick suck
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 sh as in ship

shop dish
shin mash
shot fish
shut wish
shell cash
shock rush
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 bl as in block

black blush
blog bluff
blob bless
blot blunt
bled blend
blab blocks
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 ar as in car

arm farm
ark cart
jar dark
tart hard
part sharp
card shark
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 ch as in chick

chop such
chip chill
chat chess
chin chum
chap check
much chain
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 ai as in nail

pain rail
main tail
jail aim
pail hail
sail rain
fail chain
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 tr as in train

trap trash
trick trail
trim truck
trip track
trap trend
tramp trench
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 ir as in bird

sir shirt
girl first
firm skirt
stir third
dirt birth
chirp thirsty
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 th as in
soft hard

think this
thin the
third that
thank them
maths than
moth then
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 ay as in tray

pay play
say may
pray way
away day
clay sway
Sunday crayon
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 br as in brick

bran brag
brim bray
brat brisk
brain bring
broth brand
brush
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 ng as in king

sing fang
song hang
gang long
lung wing
ring thing
bang bring
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 fl as in flag

flat flock
flap floss
fled flint
flush fling
flesh flame
flick flake
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 a-e as in cake

bake date
make game
name shade
save saving
chase chasing
shake shaking
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 nk as in wink

ink sank
bank pin
tank blink
sink drink
link think
junk thank
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 i-e as in kite

like fine
hide dive
ride hike
wide mine
time five
side slide
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 sp as in spade

spot spat
spin spill
spell spit
spend spun
spine spank
spray spinach
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 o-e as in coke

hole pole
poke hope
rope home
woke rode
note spoke
nose broke
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 wh as in whale

when whisk
whip whine
while whirl
white whiff
which whim
whack
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 u-e as in tube

use nude
cube mule
tune duke
cute mute
fuse tunes
dune fumes
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 oo as in
moon book
room foot
food look
roof cook
spoon good
tooth wood
smooth crook
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 sl as in slide

slip sleet
slab slime
slam sleep
sling slice
slave slam
slang slump
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 ee as in tree

bee keep
feet feed
sweet deep
teeth cheek
queen speech
wheel speeding
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 kn as in knee

kneel knack
knife knives
knob knobs
knit knitted
knot knotted
knock knitting
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 ea as in leaf

eat seat
read leap
each cheap
team cream
teach steam
beach wheat
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 ow as in window

low mow
blow tow
flow pillow
snow follow
grow willow
slow arrow
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 ow as in cow

how drown
owl crowd
town brown
down growl
clown flower
crown shower
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 oi as in point

coin oil
boil foil
soil joint
join moist
toil avoid
coil appoint
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 oy as in boy

toy ploy
joy loyal
soy royal
ahoy destroy
enjoy oyster
annoy employ
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 qu as in queen

quill quell
quiz quail
quit quilt
quack squid
quick quake
quote quite
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 aw as in saw

raw yawn
jaw straw
law crawl
paw awful
draw hawk
claw prawn
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 st as in stick

stamp nest
stone must
stand fist
step best
stop west
stale rust
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 igh as in light

night right
fight bright
sight fright
might tight
flight knight
fright flashlight
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 oa as in boat

coat road
oats soap
load float
soak cloak
coal coach
foal roast
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 400 Sight and high frequency words
1. the 36. went 71. get 106. how 141. find
2. and 37. be 72. just 107. did 142. more
3. a 38. like 73. now 108. man 143. I’ll
4. to 39. some 74. came 109. going 144. round
5. said 40. so 75. oh 110. where 145. tree
6. in 41. not 76. about 111. would 146. magic
7. he 42. then 77. got 112. or 147. shouted
8. I 43. were 78. their 113. took 148. us
9. of 44. go 79. people 114. school 149. other
10. it 45. little 80. your 115. think 150. food
11. was 46. as 81. put 116. home 151. no
12. you 47. mom 82. could 117. who 152. through
13. they 48. one 83. house 118. didn’t 153. way
14. on 49. an 84. old 119. ran 154. been
15. she 50. them 85. too 120. know 155. stop
16. is 51. do 86. by 121. bear 156. must
17. for 52. me 87. day 122. can’t 157. red
18. at 53. down 88. made 123. again 158. door
19. his 54. dad 89. time 124. cat 159. right
20 but 55. big 90. I’m 125. long 160. sea
21. that 56. when 91. if 126. things 161. these
22. with 57. it’s 92. help 127. new 162. began
23. all 58. see 93. Mrs 128. after 163. boy
24. we 59. looked 94. called 129. wanted 164. animals
25. can 60. very 95. here 130. eat 165. never
26. are 61. look 96. off 131. everyone 166. next
27. up 62. don’t 97. asks 132. our 167. first
28. had 63. come 98. saw 133. two 168. work
29. my 64. will 99. make 134. has 169. lots
30. her 65. into 100. water 135. yes 170. need
31. what 66. back 101 away 136. play 171. that’s
32. there 67. from 102 good 137. take 172. baby
33. out 68. children 103 good 138. thought 173. fish
34. this 69. him 104 want 138. dog 174. gave
35. have 70. Mr 105 over 140. well 175. mouse

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 176. something 211. last 251. fell 286. white 321. try
177. bed 212. jumped 252. friends 287. coming 322. face
178. may 213. because 253. box 288. he’s 323. list
179 still 214. even 254. dark 289. river 324. high
180. found 215. am 255. men 290. liked 325. hear
181. live 216. before 256. there’s 291. giant 326. mean
182. say 217. often 257. looking 292. looks 327. part
183. soon 218. clothes 258. end 293. use 328. spell
184. night 219. tell 259. than 294. along 329. start
185. name 220. key 260. best 295. plants 330. write
186. small 221. fun 261. better 296. dragon 331. teacher
187. car 222. place 262. hot 297. pulled 332. always
188. couldn’t 223. mother 263. sun 298. we’re 333. also
199. three 224. sat 264. across 299. fly 334. follow
190. head 225. boat 265. gone 300. grow 335. heard
191. king 226. window 266. hard 301. move 336. brother
192. town 227. sleep 267. same 302. own 337. cut
193. I’ve 228. feet 268. really 303. near 338. family
194. around 229. morning 269. wind 304. add 338. kind
195. every 230. queen 270. wish 305. city 340. large
196. garden 231. each 271. eggs 306. give 341. way
197. fast 232. book 272. once 307. four 342. word
198. only 232. its 273. please 308. hand 343. those
199. many 234. green 274. thing 309. life 344. song
200. laughed 235. different 275. stopped 310. does 345. open
201. let’s 236. let 276. ever 311. call 346. show
202. much 237. girl 277. miss 312. page 347. above
203. suddenly 238. which 278. most 313. year 348. carry
204. told 239. inside 279. cold 314. until 349. far
205. another 240. run 280. park 315. talk 350. few
206. great 241. any 281. lived 316. seem 351. point
207. why 242. under 282. birds 317. set 352. read
208. cried 243. hat 283. duck 318. begin 353. later
209. keep 244. snow 284. horse 319. sister 354. line
210. room 245. air 285. rabbit 320. such 355. group

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 356. farm 365. left 374 soccer 383 picture 392 enough
357. below 366 less 375 number 384 answer 393 world
358. almost 367 should 376 mountain 385 change 394 sound
359. might 368 watch 377 sometimes 386 close 395 sentence
360. story 369 without 378 while 387 between 396 father
361. turn 370 light 379 learn 388 important 397 young
362. walk 371 study 380 example 389 country 398 usually
363. letter 372 both 381 together 390 follow 399 busy
364. earth 373 leave 382 second 391 land 400 quickly

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