GEOLOGICAL HAZARD

ROMUALDO “DONDEE” SEÑERIS II, JD

 These are naturally occurring conditions
caused by the earth that are capable of causing
damage to properties or lost of lives.

Geological Hazard
 EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are sudden
movements in the Earth’s crust
which is caused by the movement
of tectonic plates or volcanic
eruptions.
 EARTHQUAKE
Sometimes, before the earthquake,
foreshocks occur.
FORESHOCKS are smaller earthquakes
that happens at the same location before
the main earthquake or mainshock.
 EARTHQUAKE
AFTERSHOCKS are
smaller earthquakes that
occur after the main
earthquake.
Earthquakes are measured through ….

INTENSITY refers to the strength of

shaking caused by the earthquake.

MAGNITUDE refers to the amount of

energy released at the source of the
earthquake.
Earthquake drill is a must…
 "You don't always do duck,
cover and hold. Awareness of
your environment is important.
You make judgement what
action to make base on what
you see and hear."
Prof Rolando Ramon C. Diaz
What to do BEFORE an earthquake
Familiarize yourself with your
place of work and residence
Identify relatively strong parts of the
building where you can take refuge
during an earthquake:

sturdy tables

near elevator shafts

What to do BEFORE an earthquake

Familiarize yourself with your

place of work and residence

Learn to use fire extinguishers.

These should be
accessible/conveniently located
and properly marked.
Work / School Area
• identify safe / unsafe area.
• number of persons on the area.
• identify possible nearest exit
point.
• Time to take a person from the
farthest point of the work area to
exit.
 Identify potential hazards
…and begin to fix them.

Objects on open shelves and

In the kitchen tabletops

Hanging objects

Electronics
DOOR

❑ Check how many persons can

pass the door at the same time.

❑ Check for alternate route.

Alley/Corridors

❑ Check how many persons can pass

the alley/corridor at the same time.

❑ Check possible hazards that may

block the area during evacuation.
What to do BEFORE an earthquake
Prepare your place of work and
residence for the event
• Strap heavy furniture to walls to prevent
sliding or toppling.

• Store breakable items, harmful

Chemicals and flammable materials in
lower most shelves and secure firmly.

• Turn off gas tanks when not in use.

• Keep heavy materials in lower shelves.

• Check stability of hanging objects.

• Maintain an earthquake survival kit.

DURING an earthquake
If inside a • Protect your body
from falling debris
structurally sound
building, stay there! • Duck, Cover and
Hold.
Drop-Cover-Hold
BUT with eyes open
and DO NOT Stoop down .
 DURING an earthquake
If OUTSIDE, move to an open area

Stay away from buildings with

Get away from power lines, glass panes.
posts, walls and other structures
that may fall or collapse.
DURING an earthquake
If along the shore and you feel an
earthquake, strong enough to make
standing difficult.
Run away from
the shore toward
higher ground
DURING an earthquake
If on a mountain, or near a steep hill slope,
move away from steep escarpments which
may be affected by landslides
DURING an earthquake
When driving a vehicle, pull to
the side of the road and stop
Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses
which may have been damaged.
AFTER an earthquake
If inside an old, weak structure, take the
Fastest and safest way out!

1. Get out CALMLY in an

ORDERLY manner.

2. Use the stairs.

3. Check yourself and

others for injuries
TIME ELEMENT
❑ Time to take to evacuate from
each floor to the stairs
assumption: 15- 20 seconds

❑Time to take the service stairs from

each floor
assumption: 15- 20 seconds

❑Time to take to evacuate the whole building

assumption: 3 storey building

40 seconds x 3 = 120 seconds AROUND 2 min

 1st Floor of High School Department (HCHS)
OPTION A OPTION B
 2nd Floor of High School Department (HCHS)
OPTION A OPTION B
 3rd Floor of High School Department (HCHS)
OPTION A OPTION B
 1st Floor of SHS & Elementary Department (HCHS)
OPTION A OPTION B
 2nd Floor of SHS & Elementary Department (HCHS)
OPTION A OPTION B
 3rd Floor of SHS & Elementary Department (HCHS)
OPTION A OPTION B
 EVACUATION AREA
Determine if there is sufficient open
space for all building occupants for the
evacuation.
Assumption 1.] 2000 persons
Assumption 2.] 3 person per sq m

Needed Area = 667 Square meter ++

Length X Width = AREA

Olavere_2010
 Option B

Option A
AFTER an earthquake
Check surroundings
Clean up chemical spills, toxic
flammable materials to avoid
any chain of unwanted events.

Check for fire and if any, have

it controlled.

Check water and electrical

lines for defects. If any damage
is suspected, turn the system off
in the main valve or switch.
 AFTER an earthquake
If you must evacuate your residence, leave a
message stating where you are going

Take with you your

, which should
contain all necessary
items for
your protection and
comfort.
 AFTER an earthquake
Help reduce the number of casualties from the
earthquake:
• Don’t enter partially damaged
building, strong aftershocks
may cause these to collapse.

• Gather information and

disaster prevention instruction
from battery-operated radios.

• Obey public safety

precautions.
Weak story failure, Kobe, 1995
 AFTER an earthquake
Unless you need EMERGENCY HELP:
Do not use your telephone to
call relatives and friends.
Disaster prevention authorities may
need the lines for emergency
communications

Do not use your car and drive

around areas of damage. Rescue
and relief operations need the
road for mobility.
 Organizational Chart
BEEP COM
Over-all Coordinator

Evacuation Site Security Fire-Safety Communication

Team Team Team Team

First Aid Search/Rescue

Team Team

NOTE: Teams must be integrated or in place per floor

Olavere_2010 and backup must be organized also.
 Earthquake Drill Procedure:

1. ALARM PHASE:
Continuous ringing of siren/bell for one
minute which means ongoing earthquake.

2. RESPONSE PHASE:
Stay where you are unless imminent
danger is noticeable. Move to a safer
place with caution.

DO the DUCK, COVER and HOLD

Olavere_2010
Earthquake Drill Procedure:
3. EVACUATION PHASE:
After the alarm/siren stops (meaning the
shaking stops) drill participants should
then start to evacuate the building.

The evacuees proceed through

predetermined routes and evacuees
(unit occupants) should then gather
outside in a designated evacuation area.
Earthquake Drill Procedure:

4. ASSEMBLY PHASE:
At the assembly area, groups from
each floor must stay together.

5. HEADCOUNT PHASE:
During the head count phase every section
head/leader must determine if everyone is
present or accounted for.
Earthquake Drill Procedure:

6. EVALUATION/Termination of drill
➢After the headcount there should be
an evaluation.

➢The evaluators identify the snags in

the drill.

➢The problem areas or potential

problem areas to rectify these
problem for future earthquake drill
or in actual earthquake scenario.
Olavere_2010
 BEFORE DURING AFTER
❑ Prepare a first aid kit ❑ (Indoors) Stay away from ❑ Check for injuries and
and a fire extinguisher, possible falling objects perform first aid
and learn how to use it. and windows. assistance.
❑ Have an earthquake ❑ (Indoors) Stand beside ❑ Listen to the radio for
plan at home and in the posts of the structure updates.
school, and learn it. or under the table.
❑ Don’t put heavy objects ❑ (Outdoors) Stay away ❑ Check gas, water and
on open shelves or on from bridges, electrical electricity lines for
high places. posts, buildings, and damage or leaks.
trees.
❑ Perform earthquake drills ❑ Perform duck, cover and ❑ Stay away from beaches
regularly. hold. Hold until shaking if the place is a tsunami
stops. prone area.
❑ Make sure heavy ❑ (Driving) Stop the car on ❑ Stay away from
furniture are anchored an open space free from damaged buildings,
sturdily to the walls or tall objects. trees, bridges and posts.
floor.
 BEFORE DURING AFTER
❑ Prepare an emergency ❑ Stay away from beaches. ❑ Avoid disaster areas.
kit and learn how to use Do not watch the
it. tsunami.
❑ Familiarize tsunami ❑ Listen to the radio for ❑ Stay away from debris in
protocols and evacuation updates. water.
routes. In your
community and in
school.
❑ If you live near the ❑ When walking, avoid ❑ Check for injuries and
coastal area, evacuate walking through moving administer fist aid
after the earthquake or rushing water. assistance.
occurs.
 BEFORE DURING AFTER

❑ Once possible volcanic ❑ Stay indoors, preferably ❑ Check for injuries and
eruption is verified in at home. Do not go out. administer first aid
your area, evacuate. actions if necessary.

❑ Store food, water, ❑ Wear masks to avoid ❑ Listen to the radio for
flashlights and batteries inhaling ashes. news and updates.
at home. Prepare first aid
kit.
❑ Close windows and ❑ Avoid low lying places for ❑ Check for leaks,
doors. lava and mud flow may damaged pipes, etc.
pass through these
areas.
THANK YOU!
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