Cumulative Review of Calculus

1. Using the limit definition of the slope of a tangent, determine the slope of the
tangent to each curve at the given point.
a. f 1x2
3x 2  4x  5, 12, 15 2 c. f 1x2
兹x  3, 16, 3 2

b. f 1x2
, 12, 2 2 d. f 1x2
25x, 11, 32 2

2
x1
2. The position, in metres, of an object is given by s 1t2
2t 2  3t  1, where
t is the time in seconds.
a. Determine the average velocity from t
1 to t
4.
b. Determine the instantaneous velocity at t
3.

3. If lim 14  hh2  64 represents the slope of the tangent to y
f 1x2 at x
4,

3

what is the equation of f 1x2?

hS0

4. An object is dropped from the observation deck of the Skylon Tower in

Niagara Falls, Ontario. The distance, in metres, from the deck at t seconds is
given by d 1t2
4.9t 2.
a. Determine the average rate of change in distance with respect to time
from t
1 to t
3.
b. Determine the instantaneous rate of change in distance with respect
to time at 2 s.
c. The height of the observation deck is 146.9 m. How fast is the object
moving when it hits the ground?
5. The model P 1t2
2t 2  3t  1 estimates the population of fish in a
reservoir, where P represents the population, in thousands, and t is the
number of years since 2000.
a. Determine the average rate of population change between 2000 and 2008.
b. Estimate the rate at which the population was changing at the start of 2005.
6. a. Given the graph of f 1x2 at the left, determine the following:
i. f 122 iii. lim f 1x2
y
6 xS2

lim f 1x2 iv. lim f 1x2

y = f(x)
4 ii.
xS2 xS6

2 b. Does lim f 1x2 exist? Justify your answer.

xS4
x
–2 0 2 4 6 8 7. Consider the following function:
–2
x2  1, if x 6 2
f 1x2
• 2x  1, if x
2
x  5, if x 7 2
Determine where f 1x2 is discontinuous, and justify your answer.

NEL CHAPTERS 1–5 267

 8. Use algebraic methods to evaluate each limit (if it exists).
2x 2  1 x2  4
a. lim d. lim
xS0 x5 xS2 x2  x  2
x3 x2
b. lim e. lim
xS3 Vx  6  3 xS2 x3  8
1
x
 13 Vx  4  V4  x
c. lim f. lim
xS 3 x3 xS0 x

9. Determine the derivative of each function from first principles.

a. f 1x2
3x 2  x  1 b. f 1x2

1
x
10. Determine the derivative of each function.
a. y
x 3  4x 2  5x  2 d. y
1x 2  3 2 2 14x 5  5x  1 2
14x 2  1 2 5
b. y
兹2x 3  1 e. y

13x  22 3

f. y
3x 2  12x  1 2 3 4 5
2x
c. y

x3

11. Determine the equation of the tangent to y
18

at the point 11 , 2 2 .
1x  2 2 2

12. Determine the slope of the tangent to y
x 2  9x  9 at the point where the
curve intersects the line y
3x.
13. In 1980, the population of Littletown, Ontario, was 1100. After a time t, in
years, the population was given by p 1t2
2t 2  6t  1100.
a. Determine p¿1t2, the function that describes the rate of change
of the population at time t.
b. Determine the rate of change of the population at the start of 1990.
c. At the beginning of what year was the rate of change of the population
110 people per year?
14. Determine f ¿ and f – for each function.

a. f 1x2
x 5  5x 3  x  12 c. f 1x2

4
Vx
2
b. f 1x2
d. f 1x2
x 4 
1
2
x x4
15. Determine the extreme values of each function on the given interval.
ex
a. f 1x2
1  1x  3 2 2, 2  x  6 c. f 1x2
, x苸3 0, 4 4
1  ex
b. f 1x2
x  d. f 1x2
2 sin 4x  3, x苸30, p 4
1
,1x9
兹x

268 C U M U L AT I V E R E V I E W O F C A L C U L U S NEL
 16. The position, at time t, in seconds, of an object moving along a line is given
by s 1t2
3t 3  40.5t 2  162t for 0  t  8.
a. Determine the velocity and the acceleration at any time t.
b. When is the object stationary? When is it advancing? When is it retreating?
c. At what time, t, is the velocity not changing?
d. At what time, t, is the velocity decreasing?
e. At what time, t, is the velocity increasing?
17. A farmer has 750 m of fencing. The farmer wants to enclose a rectangular
area on all four sides, and then divide it into four pens of equal size with the
fencing parallel to one side of the rectangle. What is the largest possible area
of each of the four pens?
18. A cylindrical metal can is made to hold 500 mL of soup. Determine the
dimensions of the can that will minimize the amount of metal required.
(Assume that the top and sides of the can are made from metal of the same
thickness.)
19. A cylindrical container, with a volume of 4000 cm3, is being constructed to
hold candies. The cost of the base and lid is $0.005 cm2, and the cost of the
side walls is $0.0025 cm2. Determine the dimensions of the cheapest possible
container.
20. An open rectangular box has a square base, with each side measuring
x centimetres.
a. If the length, width, and depth have a sum of 140 cm, find the depth in
terms of x.
x
b. Determine the maximum possible volume you could have when constructing
x
a box with these specifications. Then determine the dimensions that produce
this maximum volume.
21. The price of x MP3 players is p 1x2
50  x 2, where x苸N. If the total
revenue, R 1x2, is given by R 1x2
xp 1x2, determine the value of x that
corresponds to the maximum possible total revenue.
22. An express railroad train between two cities carries 10 000 passengers per
year for a one-way fare of $50. If the fare goes up, ridership will decrease
because more people will drive. It is estimated that each $10 increase in the
fare will result in 1000 fewer passengers per year. What fare will maximize
revenue?
23. A travel agent currently has 80 people signed up for a tour. The price of
a ticket is $5000 per person. The agency has chartered a plane seating
150 people at a cost of $250 000. Additional costs to the agency are incidental
fees of $300 per person. For each $30 that the price is lowered, one new person
will sign up. How much should the price per person be lowered to maximize
the profit for the agency?

NEL CHAPTERS 1–5 269

 24. For each function, determine the derivative, all the critical numbers, and the
intervals of increase and decrease.
a. y
5x 2  20x  2 c. y
2x 3  24x
x
b. y
6x 2  16x  40 d. y

x2
25. For each of the following, determine the equations of any horizontal, vertical,
or oblique asymptotes and all local extrema:
8 4x 3
a. y
2 b. y
2
x 9 x 1
26. Use the algorithm for curve sketching to sketch the graph of each function.

a. f 1x2
4x 3  6x 2  24x  2
3x
b. y
2
x 4
27. Determine the derivative of each function.
a. f 1x2
14 2e 5x1 c. y
63x8
b. f 1x2
xe 3x d. y
e sin x
28. Determine the equation of the tangent to the curve y
e 2x1 at x
1.
29. In a research laboratory, a dish of bacteria is infected with a particular
disease. The equation N 1d2
115d 2e 5 models the number of bacteria, N,
d

that will be infected after d days.

a. How many days will pass before the maximum number of bacteria
will be infected?
b. Determine the maximum number of bacteria that will be infected.
30. Determine the derivative of each function.
sin x
a. y
2 sin x  3 cos 5x d. y

cos x  2
b. y
1sin 2x  1 2 4 e. y
tan x 2  tan2 x
c. y
兹x 2  sin 3x f. y
sin 1cos x 2 2
31. A tool shed, 250 cm high and 100 cm deep, is built against a wall. Calculate
the shortest ladder that can reach from the ground, over the shed, to the wall
behind.
32. A corridor that is 3 m wide makes a right-angle turn, as shown on the left.
3m
Find the longest rod that can be carried horizontally around this corner.
Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a metre.

3m

270 C U M U L AT I V E R E V I E W O F C A L C U L U S NEL
 Review Exercise, pp. 263–265 11. a. t 5 20 e. 6x sin2 1x 2 2cos 1x 2 2
b. After 10 days, about 0.1156 mice
1. a. ex sec2 Ï1 x
are infected per day. Essentially, f.
b. 2 " 3e x almost 0 mice are infected per day 2 Ï1 x
c. 2e 2x"3 when t 5 10. 2. 6x " y 5 2,
d. 1 6x " 5 2e 3x "5x
2
12. a. c2 The tangent line is the given line.
e. e x 1x " 12 b. c1 3. 2x " y 5 1
2e t 13. a. 9e x 12 " 3e x 2 2 4. a. a1t2 5 v¿1t2 5 10ke kt
f.
1e " 12 2
t b. ex e 1 5 k110e kt 2
c. e x"e
x
5 kv1t2
2. a. 10x ln 10
b. 6x143x 2 ln 4
2
d. 25e 5x 11 e 5x 2 4 Thus, the acceleration is a constant
c. 5 # 5 1x ln 5 " 12
x 14. a. 5x ln 5 multiple of the velocity. As the
d. x 3 # 2x 1x ln 2 " 4 2 b. 10.472 x ln 10.47 2 velocity of the particle decreases,
c. 2152 2 2x ln 52
the acceleration increases by a
4 4x ln 4
e. factor of k.
4x d. 512 2 x ln 2 b. 10 cm> s
f. 5Ïx a b
1 ln 5 e. 4e x
" ln 2
x2 2xÏx f. 61102 3x ln 10 c. ; 5k
a. 6 cos 12x2 " 8 sin 12x2
k
3. 15. a. 2 ln 2 cos 2x
x
5. a. f –1x2 5 21sin2 x cos2 x2
b. 3 sec2 13x2 b. x 2 cos x " 2x sin x b. f –1x2 5 csc x cot2 x
sin x
c. cos a xb " csc3 x " sin x
p
12 cos x2 2
c.
2 6. absolute max: 1,
d. 2x sec2 12x2 " tan 2x d. cos2 x sin2 x absolute min: 0
e. e 3x 13 sin 2x " 2 cos 2x2 e. 2 cos x sin x 7. 40.24
f. 4 cos 12x 2sin 12x2 f. 2 sin x cos2 x sin3 x
8. minimum: Q 4, e14 R, no maximum
4. a. x 5 1 p
16. x"y 50 p 5p p
b. The function has a horizontal 2 9. a. x 5 , ,
ds 6 6 2
tangent at (1, e). So this point could 17. v 5 dt ;
Thus, v 5 81cos 110pt22 110p 2
5p
be possible local max or min. b. increasing: 6 6 x 6 p 6
;
5. a. 0 5 80p cos 110pt2 p!x 6 5p
b. The slope of the tangent to f 1x2 at
decreasing: 6
and
The acceleration at any time t is p
6 x 6 p
the point with x-coordinate 21 is 0. a 5 dv
2
5 ddt 2s .
6

6. a. e 1x " 12 c. local maximum at x 5

dt p
; local
Hence, a 5 80p1 sin 110pt22 110p2
x 6
b. 20e 10x 15x " 1 2 5 800p2sin 110pt2 . Now, minimum at x 5 5p
6
e 2x 1
800p2 sin 110pt2
7. y 5 2x d 2s d.
" 100p2s 5
y
e "1 dt 2 4
dy 2e 2x 1e 2x " 1 2 1e 2x 12 12e 2x 2 " 100p2 18 sin 110pt22 5 0. 3
5
1e 2x " 12 2
dx 18. displacement: 5, 2
velocity: 10, 1
2e 4x " 2e 2x 2e 4x " 2e 2x acceleration: 20
5
1e 2x
" 12 2 19. each angle p4
rad, or 45° –p 3p p p 0
– – –
4 2 4 –1
p
4
p
2
3p p x
4
4e 2x 20. 4.5 m
–2
5
1e
21. 2.5 m
2x
" 12 2 22. 5.19 ft
–3

e 4x 2e 2x " 1 23. a. f –1x2 5 8 sin2 1x 22

–4
Now, 1 y2 5 1
1e 2x " 12 2 " 8 cos2 1x 2 2
e 4x
" 2e 2x
"1 e 4x " 2e 2x 1 b. f –1x2 5 14 cos x2 1sec2 x tan x2 Cumulative Review of Calculus,
5 2 sin x1sec x2 2
1e 2x
" 12 2 pp. 267–270
4e 2x dy 1
5 5 Chapter 5 Test, p. 266 1. a. 16 c.
13 " 122x dx 2 6
2 b. 2 d. 160 ln 2
a. 13 m> s
8. 3x y " 2 ln 2 2 5 0 1. a. 4xe 2x
b. 3e x "3x ln 3 12x " 3 2
2 2.
9. x"y50 b. 15 m> s
c. 3e 3x e 3x 4 f 1x2 5 x 3
10. about 0.3928 m per unit of time 3
3.
2 4. a. 19.6 m> s
d. 2 cos x " 15 sin 5x b. 19.6 m> s
c. 53.655 m> s

658 A n s w e r s NEL
 5. a. 19 000 fish> year 16. a. v1t2 5 9t 2 81t " 162, b.
b. 23 000 fish> year
y
a1t2 5 18t 81 6 3x
y = ——–—–
6. a. i. 3 b. stationary when t 5 6 or t 5 3, x2 – 4
ii. 1 4
advancing when v1t2 7 0, and
iii. 3 retreating when v1t2 6 0 2
iv. 2 c. t 5 4.5 x
b. No, lim f 1x2 does not exist. In order d. 0 ! t 6 4.5 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
for the limit to exist, lim f 1x2
xS4
e. 4.5 6 t ! 8 –2
17. 14 062.5 m2
and lim" f 1x2 must exist and they
xS4
–4
xS4 18. r 8 4.3 cm, h 8 8.6 cm
–6
must be the same. In this case, 19. r 5 6.8 cm, h 5 27.5 cm
lim f 1x 2 5 q, but 20. a. 140 2x
lim f 1x 2 5 q, so lim f 1x 2 a. 1 202e 5x"1
xS4
b. 101 629.5 cm3; 46.7 cm by 46.7 cm 27.
xS4 " xS4
by 46.6 cm b. e 3x 13x " 12
does not exist. c. 13 ln 6 2 63x 8
7. f 1x2 is discontinuous at x 5 2.
21. x 5 4
d. 1cos x2e sin x
lim f 1x2 5 5, but lim" f 1x 2 5 3.
22. $70 or $80
xS2 xS2 23. $1140 28. y 5 2e1x 12 " e
1 4 dy 29. a. 5 days
8. a. d. 24. a. 5 10x " 20, b. 27
5 3 dx
1 x 5 2 is critical number, 30. a. 2 cos x " 15 sin 5x
b. 6 e.
12 Increase: x 6 2, b. 8 cos 2x 1sin 2x " 12 3
1 1 Decrease: x 7 2 2x " 3 cos 3x
c. f. c.
9 2 dy 2 Ïx 2 " sin 3x
b. 5 12x " 16, 1 " 2 cos x
9. a. 6x " 1 dx
1cos x " 2 2 2
4 d.
1 x 5 3 is critical number,
b. 4 e. 2x sec2 x 2 2 tan x sec2 x
x2 Increase: x 7 ,
3 f. 2x sin x 2 cos 1cos x 2 2
10. a. 3x 2 8x " 5 Decrease: x 6
4
3 31. about 4.8 m
3x 2 dy
b. 32. about 8.5 m
Ï2x 3 " 1 c. 5 6x 2 24,
dx
6 x 5 ;2 are critical numbers,
1x " 3 2 2
c. Chapter 6
Increase: x 6 2, x 7 2,
d. 4x1x 2 " 32 14x 5 " 5x " 1 2 Decrease: 2 6 x 6 2
Review of Prerequisite Skills,
" 1x 2 " 3 2 2 120x 4 " 52
dy 2
d. dx 5 1x 2 2 2 . The function has
14x 2 " 12 4 184x 2 80x 9 2 no critical numbers. The function is
p. 273
13x 2 2 4
e. decreasing everywhere it is defined, Ï3 Ï3
1.
f. 5 3 x 2 " 12x " 12 3 4 4 that is, x $ 2. a. d.
2 2
25. a. y 5 0 is a horizontal asymptote.
# 32x " 612x " 12 2 4 Ï3
Ï2
x 5 ;3 are the vertical asymptotes. b. e.
11. 4x " 3y 10 5 0 2
There is no oblique asymptote.
12. 3 1
Q0, R is a local maximum. c. f. 1
8
13. a. p¿1t2 5 4t " 6 9 2
b. 46 people per year b. There are no horizontal asymptotes. 4
c. 2006 x 5 ;1 are the vertical asymptotes. 2.
14. a. f ¿1x 2 5 5x 4 15x 2 " 1;
3
y 5 4x is an oblique asymptote.
1 Ï3, 6 Ï3 2 is a local
3. a. AB 8 29.7, B 8 36.5°,
f –1x2 5 20x 3 30x
C 8 53.5°
b. f ¿1x 2 5 3 ; f –1x 2 5
4 12 maximum, 1 Ï3, 6 Ï32 is a local b. A 8 97.9°, B 8 29.7°,
x x4 minimum. C 8 52.4°
c. f ¿1x 2 5
2 3 26. a.
; f –1x2 5 y 4. Z 8 50°, XZ 8 7.36, YZ 8 6.78
Ïx 3 Ïx 5 30 5. R 8 44°, S 8 102°, T 8 34°
d. f ¿1x 2 5 4x 3 " 5 ;
4
20 6. 5.82 km
x 7. 8.66 km
20 10
f –1x2 5 12x 2 x 8. 21.1 km
x6 9. 59.4 cm2
15. a. maximum: 82, minimum: 6
1 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
b. maximum: 9 3 , minimum: 2 –10
e 4 1
c. maximum: 1 " e4 , minimum: 2
y = 4x3 + 6x2 – 24x – 2
d. maximum: 5, minimum: 1

NEL Answers 659