Test For All Subjects
Test For All Subjects
Test For All Subjects
2. Read the text about Charlie Chaplin's early life and answer the
true/false questions below. (6 marks)
He was believed to have been born on April 16, 1889. There is some doubt
whether April 16 is actually his birthday, and it is possible he was not born in
1889. There is also uncertainty about his birthplace: London or
Fontainebleau, France. There is no doubt, however, as to his parentage: he
was born to Charles Chaplin, Sr. and Hannah Harriette Hill (aka Lily Harley
on stage), both Music Hall entertainers. His parents separated soon after his
birth, leaving him in the care of his increasingly unstable mother.
In 1896, Chaplin's mother was unable to find work; Charlie and his older
half-brother Sydney Chaplin had to be left in the workhouse at Lambeth,
moving after several weeks to Hanwell School for Orphans and Destitute
Children. His father died an alcoholic when Charlie was 12, and his mother
suffered a mental breakdown, and was eventually admitted temporarily to
the Cane Hill Asylum at Coulsdon (near Croydon). She died in 1928 in the
United States, two years after coming to the States to live with Chaplin, by
then a commercial success.
Charlie first took to the stage when, aged five, he performed in Music Hall in
1894, standing in for his mother. As a child, he was confined to a bed for
weeks due to a serious illness, and, at night, his mother would sit at the
window and act out what was going on outside. In 1900, aged 11, his
brother helped get him the role of a comic cat in the pantomime Cinderella
at the London Hippodrome. In 1903 he appeared in 'Jim, A Romance of
Cockayne', followed by his first regular job, as the newspaper boy Billy in
Sherlock Holmes, a part he played into 1906. This was followed by Casey's
'Court Circus' variety show, and, the following year, he became a clown in
Fred Karno's 'Fun Factory' slapstick comedy company.
1. Chaplin might have been born some years earlier than is currently
believed.
True
False
5. His first partner on the stage was the actor, Stan Laurel.
True
False
3. Read about the history of time, then answer the questions about the
text, choosing either A, B, C or D as the best answer. 6 marks
If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows
what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it.
We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in
measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great
mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world
without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement
cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there
were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has
passed when something changes.
In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes
happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen
repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted
natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such
events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only
changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of
objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the
difference between light and darkness.
The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky
and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance
of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it
created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period
of light and darkness: one day.
People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter.
They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it
returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days.
We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We
call this period of time a year.
Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night
sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why
did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to
these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the
moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round
and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the
number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that
this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-
nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one
month.
Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in
groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned
to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them
work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one
place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to
measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to
harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would
change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when
the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on
moons, or lunar months.
When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very
important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they
could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was
time to plant crops.
source: voanews
the number of days from one phase of the moon's cycle and then
back to the same point again
the number of days for the sun and moon to be seen together
Three Magicians
Read about three magicians, then answer the questions. For each
question, choose which magician is the correct answer. 9marks
Harry Houdini
He began his magic career in 1891. At the outset, he had little success. He
performed in sideshows, and even doubled as "The Wild Man" at a circus.
Houdini focused initially on traditional card tricks. At one point, he billed
himself as the "King of Cards". But he soon began experimenting with
escape acts.
In 1893, while performing with his brother, Dash, at Coney Island as "The
Brothers Houdini", Harry met a fellow performer, Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess"
Rahner. She and Houdini married in 1894, with Bess replacing Dash in the
act, which became known as "The Houdinis." For the rest of Houdini's
performing career, Bess would work as his stage assistant.
Houdini's big break came in 1899 when he met manager Martin Beck in rural
Woodstock, Illinois. Impressed by Houdini's handcuffs act, Beck advised him
to concentrate on escape acts and booked him on the Orpheum vaudeville
circuit. Within months, he was performing at the top vaudeville houses in the
country. In 1900, Beck arranged for Houdini to tour Europe. After some days
of unsuccessful interviews in London, Houdini managed to interest Dundas
Slater, then manager of the Alhambra Theatre. He gave a demonstration of
escape from handcuffs at Scotland Yard, and succeeded in baffling the police
so effectively that he was booked at the Alhambra for six months.
Derren Brown
Brown was born to Bob and Chris Brown in Purley, Croydon, London,
England. He has a brother, who is nine years his junior. Brown was privately
educated at Whitgift School in South Croydon (where his father coached
swimming), and studied Law and German at the University of Bristol. While
there, he attended a hypnotist show by Martin Taylor, which inspired him to
turn to illusion and hypnosis as a career. Whilst an undergraduate, he
started working as a conjuror, performing the traditional skills of close-up
magic in bars and restaurants. In 1992, he started performing stage shows
at the University of Bristol under the stage name Darren V. Brown.
Joseph Dunninger
Dunninger was born in New York City. He headlined throughout the Keith-
Orpheum Circuit, and was much in demand for private entertainment. At the
age of seventeen he was invited to perform at the home of Theodore
Roosevelt in Oyster Bay and at the home of the inventor Thomas A. Edison,
both of whom were avid admirers of his mysticism.
Dunninger had a standing offer of $10,000 to anyone who could prove that
he used paid assistants for his tricks. He often said he could raise that offer
to $100,000. Through Scientific American magazine and the Universal
Council for Psychic Research, Dunninger made this offer to any medium who
could produce by psychic or supernatural means any physical phenomena
that he could not reproduce by natural means. Dunninger appeared on radio
starting in 1943, and on television frequently in the 1950s and 60s.
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
5. Which magician had ambitions to work in magic after seeing another
performer?
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Brown
Dunninger
Houdini
Dunninger
Houdini
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer and politician. After
serving in several government positions, including those of Minister of
Labour and Vice President of the Republic, he was three times elected as
President of Argentina, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he
was overthrown by a coup d'état, and from October 1973 to July 1974.
During his first presidential term (1946-1952), Perón was supported by his
second wife, Eva Duarte ("Evita"), and the two were immensely popular
among many Argentines. Eva died in 1952, and Perón was elected to a
second term, serving from 1952 until 1955. During the following period of
two military dictatorships, interrupted by one civilian government, the
Peronist party was outlawed and Perón was exiled. When the left-wing
Peronist Hector Cámpora was elected President in 1973, Perón returned to
Argentina and was soon after elected President for a third time. His third
wife, María Estela Martínez, known as Isabel Perón, was elected as Vice
President on his ticket and succeeded him as President upon his death in
1974.
Juan and Evita Perón are still considered icons by the Peronists. The Peróns'
followers praised their efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labor, while
their detractors considered them demagogues and dictators. The Peróns
gave their name to the political movement known as Peronism, which in
present-day Argentina is represented mainly by the Justicialist Party.
Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende was a Chilean physician and politician, known as the first
Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open
elections.
Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military and political leader. Bolívar played
a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the
Spanish Empire, and is today considered one of the most influential
politicians in the history of the Americas.
Following the triumph over the Spanish monarchy, Bolívar participated in the
foundation of the first union of independent nations in Hispanic-America, a
republic, now known as Gran Colombia, of which he was president from
1819 to 1830. Despite ordering widespread atrocities in his Decree of War to
the Death, Bolívar is regarded as a hero, visionary, revolutionary, and
liberator in Hispanic-America.
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
2. Which South American leader led a country that doesn't exist any
more?
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
4. Which South American leader had political views that put him in
conflict with the country's parliament?
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
Allende
Bolivar
Peron
The Leopard
The leopard is a member of the Felidae family with a wide range in some
parts of Africa and tropical Asia, from Siberia, South and West Asia to across
most of sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as Near Threatened because it is
declining in large parts of its range due to habitat loss and fragmentation,
and hunting for trade and pest control.
Compared to other members of the large cat family, the leopard has
relatively short legs and a long body with a large skull. It is similar in
appearance to the jaguar, but is smaller and more slightly built. Its fur is
marked with rosettes similar to those of the jaguar, but the leopard's
rosettes are smaller and more densely packed, and do not usually have
central spots as the jaguars do.
The species' success in the wild is in part due to its opportunistic hunting
behavior, its adaptability to habitats, its ability to run at speeds approaching
58 kilometres per hour (36 mph), its unequaled ability to climb trees even
when carrying a heavy carcass, and its notorious ability for stealth. The
leopard consumes virtually any animal that it can hunt down and catch. Its
habitat ranges from rainforest to desert terrains.
Lions live for 10-14 years in the wild, while in captivity they can live longer
than 20 years. They typically inhabit savanna and grassland, although they
may take to the forest. Lions are unusually social compared to other cats. A
pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of
adult males. While lions do not typically hunt humans, some have been
known to do so. Sleeping mainly during the day, lions are primarily
nocturnal.
The lion has been an icon for humanity for thousands of years, appearing in
cultures across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Despite incidents of attacks on
humans, lions have enjoyed a positive depiction in culture as strong but
noble. A common depiction is their representation as "king of the jungle" or
"king of beasts"; hence, the lion has been a popular symbol of royalty and
stateliness, as well as a symbol of bravery.
The Bobcat
The bobcat is a North American wild cat, appearing around 1.8 million years
ago. With 12 recognized subspecies, it ranges from southern Canada to
northern Mexico. The bobcat is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded
areas, as well as semi-desert, urban edge, forest edges, and swampland
environments. It persists in much of its original range, and populations are
healthy.
With a gray to brown coat, whiskered face, and black-tufted ears, the bobcat
resembles the other species of the Lynx genus. It is about twice as large as
the domestic cat. It has distinctive black bars on its forelegs and a black-
tipped, stubby tail, from which it derives its name.
Though the bobcat prefers rabbits and hares, it will hunt anything from
insects, chickens, and small rodents to deer. Prey selection depends on
location and habitat, season, and abundance. Like most cats, the bobcat is
territorial and largely solitary, although with some overlap in home ranges.
It uses several methods to mark its territorial boundaries, including claw
marks and deposits of urine. The bobcat breeds from winter into spring and
has a gestation period of about two months.
Although bobcats have been hunted extensively by humans, both for sport
and fur, their population has proven resilient. The elusive predator features
in Native American mythology and the folklore of European settlers.
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
lion
leopard
bobcat
A Revolutionary Photo
Read about a famous photo, then answer the questions about the text,
choosing either A, B, C or D as the best answer.
It is perhaps the most reproduced, recycled and ripped off image of the 20th
Century. Che Guevara, his eyes framed by heavy brows, a single-starred beret
pulled over his unruly hair, stares out of the shot with glowering intensity. It's
now more than 50 years since the Argentine-born rebel was shot dead, so any
young radicals who cheered on his revolutionary struggles in Cuba and Bolivia
are well into middle age.
But the image has been infinitely repeated - emblazoned on T-shirts and
sprayed on to walls, transformed into pop art and used to wrap ice-creams and
sell cigarettes - and its appeal has not faded. "There is no other image like it.
What other image has been sustained in this way?" asks Trisha Ziff, the curator
of a touring exhibition on the iconography of Che. "Che Guevara has become a
brand. And the brand's logo is the image, which represents change. It has
becomes the icon of the outside thinker, at whatever level - whether it is anti-
war, pro-green or anti-globalisation," she says.
For Ms Ziff, Che Guevara's murder also marks the beginning of the mythical
image. "The birth of the image happens at the death of Che in October 1967,"
she says. "He was good-looking, he was young, but more than that, he died for
his ideals, so he automatically becomes an icon."
The story of the original photograph, of how it left Cuba and was carried by
admirers to Europe before being reinterpreted in Mr Fitzpatrick's iconic drawing,
is a fascinating journey in its own right. Alberto Korda captured his famous
frame on 5 March 1960 during a mass funeral in Havana. A day earlier, a
French cargo ship loaded with ammunition had exploded in the city's harbour,
killing some 80 Cubans - an act Fidel Castro blamed on the US. Korda, Fidel
Castro's official photographer, describes Che's expression in the picture, which
he labelled "Guerrillero Heroico" (the heroic fighter), as "encabronadao y
dolente" - angry and sad. Unpublished, the picture was seen only by those who
passed through Korda's studio, where it hung on a wall.
One man who brought the image to Europe was the leftist Italian intellectual,
Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, who distributed posters across Italy in 1967. After that,
Korda's photograph made an appearance in several European magazines. Mr
Fitzpatrick first came across a tiny version of it in the German weekly. Only
months later, when he finally got his hands on a larger version of the
photograph, was he able to produce the image that has such universal appeal.
"I'd got an original copy of the image sent to me by a guy involved with a group
of Dutch anarchists, called the Provo."
After Che Guevara's death, an outraged Mr Fitzpatrick furiously reprinted
originals of the poster and sent it to left-wing political activist groups across
Europe. Part of his fury stemmed from vivid memories working behind a bar in
Ireland as a teenager, and seeing Che walk in. The revolutionary was briefly
exploring the homeland of his Irish ancestors during a stopover on a flight to
Moscow. "I must have been around 16," Mr Fitzpatrick remembers. "It was a
bright, sunny morning. I knew immediately who he was. He was an immensely
charming man - likeable, roguish, good fun and very proud of being Irish."
As time went on, the meaning and the man represented by the image became
separated in the western context, Ms Ziff explains. But in Latin America, she
points out, Che Guevara's face remains a symbol of armed revolution and
indigenous struggle. Combining capitalism and commerce, religion and
revolution, the icon remains unchallenged, Ms Ziff says. "There is no other
image that remotely takes us to all these different places."
he seems content
3. What didn't the graphic image's creator try to make money out of its
use?
4. Where was the original photo in the years after it was taken?
it remained undeveloped
greed
sadness
anger
6. What is the meaning of the word "flux" used in the ninth paragraph?
chaos
war
change
struggle
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