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    Indus Valley Civilization - 21630057

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    Indus Valley Civilization - 21630057

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    Indus Valley Civilization_21630057

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    23 views29 pages

    Indus Valley Civilization - 21630057

    Uploaded by

    karthikarjunan48

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 29

    GENERAL AWARENESS

    ANCIENT HISTORY
    ANCIENT HISTORY
    • Indus Valley Civilization
    • Vedic Period
    • Mahajanpadh
    • Magadha Empire
    • Jainism
    • Buddhism
    • Nanda Dynasty
    • Alexander Invasion
    • Mauryan Empire
    • Gupta Dynasty
    • Rajput & South India
    INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
    • Other Name of This Civilization – Harappan Civilization , Saraswati Sindh
    Civilization
    • Area – 1299660 sq km
    • Civilization shape – Triangle
    • Expansion Zone – Western Part of South Asia ( Present Day Pakistan & Western
    India)

    • Discovery of Indus Valley Civilization


    • Charles Massen first discovered this old civilization in 1826. In 1856
    Cunningham surveyed about this civilization
    • In 1861, the Archaeological Department of India was established
    under the direction of Alexander Cunningham. In 1902, John
    Marshall was made director general of the Indian Archaeological
    Department by Lord Curzon
    • In 1920, two ancient cities like Harappa and Mohenjodado were
    discovered from the remains found from the excavation of the
    Indus
    Valley by the Archaeological Department of India
    • In 1921 Dayaram Sahni excavated Harappa. Thus this civilization
    was named Harappan civilization and Dayaram Sahni was
    considered its explorer

    • Period of Harappan Civilization


    • John Marshall - 3250 - 2750 BC
    • Martimer Wheeler - 2500 - 1500 BC
    • Madhoswaroop Vats - 3500 - 2700 BC
    • Fair Service - 2000 - 1500 BC
    • D.P. Aggarwal - 2300 - 1750 BC
    • Opinions of the Decline of Indus Civilization
    • Indus Valley Civilization around 1800 BC. Collapsed, but the
    reasons for its collapse are still disputed.
    • Garden Child and Wheeler - Invasion of the Aryans
    • Marshall and MS Bhargava - Floods, Climate Change
    • Nature Causes - severe floods, earthquakes, climate change,
    affected
    precipitation cycle etc
    • Town Planning
    • City Construction Planning - Chess Board (Grid Planning)
    • Street roads and streets.
    • Straight roads used to intersect at right angles.
    • Planned drainage system.
    • Social Structure
    • Social status – matriarchal
    • Major Business – Business
    • Language style – graphical
    • Social class - priests, warriors, merchants, craftsmen etc.
    • Use of tools and equipment made of metals and stones for
    agriculture.
    • Use of utensils made of clay, gold, silver and copper etc.
    • Both nonvegetarian and vegetarians
    • Mother Goddess worship.
    • Evidence of temple has not been received.
    • Tree worship was practiced.
    • Worshiping the earth as the goddess of fertility.
    • Animal worship was also practiced.
    • Major Sites
    • Harappa - Montgomery District, Punjab (Pakistan)
    Excavation - 1921 - Dayaram Sahni
    Status - River of Ravi River
    Important discoveries - granary, bullock cart

    • Mohenjodaro - Larkana District of Punjab Province (Pak)


    Excavation - 1922 - Rakhaldas Banerjee
    Status - Indus River Bank
    Important discoveries - Vishal Snanagar, Annagar, Bronze
    dancer
    statue, Pashupati Mahadev's seal, Stone idol of bearded man,
    Woven clothes
    • Sutkangador - Balochistan (Pakistan)
    Excavation - 1929
    Status - On the banks of the river Dasht
    Important discovery - was the focal point of trade between
    Harappa
    and Babylon

    • Chanhudaro - in Sindh province on the banks of the Indus River.


    Excavation - 1931 - N.G. Majumdar
    Important discoveries - bead making shops, cat chasing dog
    footprints

    • Amri - On the banks of the Indus River.


    Excavation - 1935 - N.G. Majumdar
    Important discoveries - evidence of reindeer.
    • Lothal - Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
    Status - On the bank of Bhogwa River
    Excavation - 1953 - S. R. Rao
    Important discoveries - man-made ports, Godivada, rice bran,
    fire
    altars, chess games

    • Surkotada - Gujarat
    Excavation - 1964 - J.P. Joshi
    Important discoveries - horse bones

    • Kalibangan - Rajasthan
    Situation - on the bank of Ghaggar River.
    Excavation - 1953 - A.A. Ghosh
    Important discoveries - fire altars, camel bones, wood plow
    • Dhaulavira - Gujarat
    Status - Rann of Kutch
    Excavation - 1985 - R.S.
    Important discoveries - drainage management, water reservoir

    • The most western archaeological site of Indus civilization -


    Sutkangendor(Balochistan)
    • Eastern Most Site-Alamgir(Meerut)
    • Most Northern site-Manda(Akhnoor,JammuKashmir)
    • Most southern site-Daimabad(Ahmednagar,Maharashtra)
    • The largest Indus Civilization site in India was Rakhigarhi
    (Haryana)
    • Other Places & Evidence
    • Silver Crowns - Kunal (Haryana)
    • Dug made of raw bricks - Rangpur (Gujarat)
    • Brass axe - Alimurad (Sindh)
    • Evidence of the first use of silver - Kotdiji (Sindh)
    • Earthen bangles. - Sutkgendor (Baluchistan)
    • Mohenjodaro, Kalibanga, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and
    Harappawere its major centers. In December 2014, "Bhirdana
    (Bhiradana) isconsidered the oldest city of the Indus Valley
    Civilization everdiscovered
    • Indus Valley Civilization : Imp Facts
    • Indus civilization was urban civilization.
    • Use of baked bricks.
    • Effective drainage system.
    • Bathrooms and courtyards in each house
    • The degraded city of the Indus civilization – Dholavira
    • Port cities - Lothal and Sutkotada.
    • Indus Civilization script - sentimental.
    • Main occupation - agriculture and animal husbandry.
    • Crops - wheat, barley, mustard, sesame, lentils etc.
    • Rice grains - Rangpur and Lothal.
    • First started cotton cultivation.
    • The barter system of trade was prevalent
    • Civilization was supposedly ruled by the merchant class.
    • Evidence of plow made of clay is found from Banavali.
    • Evidence of tree worship and Shiva worship has been found.
    • Worship as the goddess of fertility of the earth
    • The swastika symbol is the result of the Harappan civilization itself.
    • Use of cotton and woolen garments.
    • Were not familiar with the sword.
    • Curtain practice and prostitution were prevalent
    • Burying of dead bodies in Harappa.
    • The practice of burning dead bodies in Mohenjodaro.
    • SoilinFire- Terracotta
    • Horsebones -Surkotada
    • A Cemetery of Man and Dog – Roped
    • Worship of fertility (linga)
    • Familiar with the unit of weighment.
    • Use of bullock cart and boat for transportation.
    • Most Harappan sites have been discovered from Gujarat
    Indus Valley Civilization Belonged to ?

    A. New Stone Age

    B. Medieval Stone Age

    C. Bronze Age

    D. None of These
    In Indus valley civilization , Lothal was famous for which of
    the following ?

    A. The Rock cut architecture

    B. Dockyard

    C. Cotton Cultivation

    D. Pottery
    In Indus Valley Civilization , Great Bath is Found in Which
    of the following place ?

    A. Lothal

    B. Mohenjo daro

    C. Mitathal

    D. kalibangan
    Which among the following metal was not found in
    Harappan Civilization ?

    A. Gold

    B. Copper

    C. Silver

    D. Iron
    In which province of Pakistan is the site of the ancient civilization of
    Mohenjo Daro Located ?

    A. Balochistan

    B. Sindh

    C. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

    D. Punjab
    Which of the following archaeological sites had evidence
    of pit dwellings ?

    A. Rana Ghundai

    B. Mehrgarh

    C. Burzahom

    D. Palavoy
    In Which state is the archaeological site of Surkotada
    situated ?

    A. Karnataka

    B. Gujarat

    C. Rajasthan

    D. Haryana
    Mohenjo daro was locally named as

    A. Mound of desert

    B. Mound of delta

    C. Mound of dead

    D. Mount of life
    From which Indus site the evidence of “Fire pit” is found ?

    A. Harappa

    B. Mohenjodaro

    C. Lothal

    D. Kalibangan
    Harappa site “Surakotada “ located in ?

    A. Afghanistan

    B. Pakistan

    C. Punjab

    D. Gujarat
    Which Indus city was known for water management
    system ?

    A. Dholavira

    B. Harappa

    C. Lothal

    D. None of These
    Who was the main female God worshipped by Indus
    People ?

    A. Mother Goddess

    B. Durga

    C. Laxmi

    D. Vaishnavi

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