Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Tuesday 23 May 2023 – Morning

AS Level Chemistry A
H032/02 Depth in chemistry
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

You must have:

* 9 8 8 0 6 6 0 3 8 8 *

• the Data Sheet for Chemistry A

You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• an HB pencil

* H 0 3 2 0 2 *

Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.

Centre number Candidate number

First name(s)

Last name

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 16 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.

© OCR 2023 [601/5256/4] OCR is an exempt Charity

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1 This question is about titanium (atomic number 22) and its compounds.

(a) Titanium exists as a mixture of five isotopes.

A chemist analyses a sample of titanium using mass spectrometry.

The results are shown in the table below.

Isotope Abundance (%)

46Ti 8.30
47Ti 7.40
48Ti 73.70
49Ti 5.40
50Ti 5.20

(i) Calculate the relative atomic mass of titanium in the sample.

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

relative atomic mass = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Complete the electron configuration of a titanium atom.

1s2 ................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a
48Ti2+
ion.

Protons Neutrons Electrons

48Ti2+ ion

[1]

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(b) An ore of titanium contains impure TiO2.

Titanium is manufactured from TiO2 in a two-stage process.

Stage 1 TiO2 + 2C + 2Cl 2 TiCl4 + 2CO Reaction 1.1

Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4Na Ti + 4NaCl Reaction 1.2

(i) The common name for TiO2 is titanium dioxide.

What is the systematic name of TiO2?

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(ii) In Reaction 1.2, the percentage yield of titanium from TiCl4 is 72.0%.

Calculate the minimum mass, in kg, of sodium that is needed to produce 1.00 kg of
titanium.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

mass of sodium = ..................................................... kg [4]

(iii) Reaction 1.2 produces a mixture of titanium and sodium chloride.

Suggest how titanium could be separated from this mixture at room temperature.

Explain your answer.

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2 This question is about some elements in Period 3 and compounds they form.

(a) A student adds a small piece of calcium to a beaker containing an excess of water.

(i) Construct the equation for the reaction and predict one observation that the student
would make.

Equation .............................................................................................................................

Observation ........................................................................................................................

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[2]

(ii) Suggest one difference that the student would observe in the reaction of barium with
water compared to the reaction of calcium with water.

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(b) A student has a 5.00 g mixture of sodium chloride, NaCl (s), and barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2(s).

The student also has a solution of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4(aq).

The student uses the method below to determine the percentage by mass of NaCl (s) in the
mixture.

Step 1 Dissolve the 5.00 g mixture in distilled water.

Step 2 Add an excess of Na2SO4(aq) to the solution. A precipitate of barium sulfate

forms.

Step 3 Filter off the precipitate, wash with water, and dry.

Step 4 Weigh the dried precipitate.

The molar mass of barium sulfate is 233.4 g mol–1.

(i) Write an equation for the formation of barium sulfate in step 2.

Include state symbols.

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(ii) The student obtains 3.28 g of precipitate.

Calculate the percentage by mass of NaCl (s) in the 5.00 g mixture.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

percentage by mass of NaCl (s) = ...................................................... % [4]

(iii) The student changes the method in 2(b).

In step 2, the student adds an excess of silver nitrate solution, AgNO3(aq), instead of
Na2SO4(aq).

Explain whether this change would allow the student to determine the percentage by
mass of NaCl (s) in the mixture.

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(c) The table below shows melting points and electrical conductivities of some elements in
Period 3 and compounds they form.

Magnesium Phosphorus
Substance Aluminium, Al Silicon, Si
sulfide, MgS trichloride, PCl 3

Melting
2000 660 1414 –94
point / °C

Electrical
Good Poor
conductivity

Type of Giant ................... ................... ...................

lattice
structure ................... ................... ................... ...................

(i) Complete the table above to show the type of lattice structure of each substance. [4]

(ii) Explain the following:

• MgS has a higher melting point than PCl 3.

• Al has a greater electrical conductivity than Si.

Melting points .....................................................................................................................

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Conductivities .....................................................................................................................

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3 This question is about halogens and halogen compounds.

(a)* Seawater contains very small quantities of dissolved iodide ions.

The concentration of potassium iodide, KI, in seawater is 0.150 g dm–3.

Iodine can be extracted by bubbling chlorine gas through seawater.

Explain why chlorine is more reactive than iodine and determine the volume, in dm3, of
seawater that is needed to manufacture 1.00 tonne of iodine, I2. [6]

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Additional answer space if required.

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(b) Chlorine reacts with calcium hydroxide to form Ca(OCl )2, which is the active ingredient in
bleaching powder.

2Cl 2 + 2Ca(OH)2 CaCl 2 + Ca(OCl )2 + 2H2O

This is a disproportionation reaction.

State what is meant by disproportionation and use oxidation numbers to show that
disproportionation has taken place.

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(c) A student is studying the hydrolysis of haloalkanes.

The equation for the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-bromopropane, CH3CHBrCH3, is shown below.

CH3CHBrCH3 + OH– CH3CHOHCH3 + Br –

Use the curly arrow model to outline the mechanism for the alkaline hydrolysis of
2-bromopropane.

Show relevant dipoles and lone pairs, and name the mechanism.

name of mechanism .......................................................... [3]

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(d) The student sets up an experiment to compare the rates of hydrolysis of
2-bromopropane and 2-iodopropane.

The student uses the method below.

Step 1 Place two test tubes, both containing aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol, in a
water bath at 60 °C.

Step 2 Add five drops of 2-bromopropane to one test tube and five drops of
2-iodopropane to the other test tube.

Step 3 Record the time taken for a precipitate to appear in each test tube.

(i) Complete the table below to show the formula and colour of each precipitate formed.

Haloalkane Formula of precipitate Colour of precipitate

2-bromopropane

2-iodopropane

[2]

(ii) Predict which precipitate would form first and explain the difference in the rates of
hydrolysis of 2-bromopropane and 2-iodopropane.

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4 This question is about the enthalpy change of combustion of alcohols.

(a) Explain the term enthalpy change of combustion.

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(b) A student carries out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of combustion, ΔcH,
of butan-1-ol, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.

The student sets up the apparatus as shown below.

thermometer beaker

clamp
200 g water

wick spirit burner

butan-1-ol

The student’s results are shown in the table below.

Initial temperature of water / °C 18.5

Final temperature of water / °C 49.5
Mass of burner before heating / g 212.38
Mass of burner after heating / g 211.07

(i) The thermometer had an uncertainty of ± 0.25 °C in each temperature reading.

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the temperature change.

percentage uncertainty = ...................................................... % [1]

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(ii)* Use the student’s results to determine ∆cH of butan-1-ol in kJ mol–1.

Explain why this value of ΔcH is different from the data book value and suggest how
the experimental design could be modified to improve the accuracy of the ΔcH value
obtained. [6]

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Additional answer space if required.

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(iii) Another student carries out the experiment in 4(b) using 150 g of water in the beaker
instead of 200 g.

Calculate the mass of butan-1-ol that would produce the same temperature rise as in
the experiment in 4(b).

Assume the same heat losses.

mass of butan-1-ol = ....................................................... g [1]

(c) The enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol, ΔcH, in the gaseous state can be calculated
using average bond enthalpies.

H H

H C C O H(g) + 3 O=O(g) 2 O=C= O(g) + 3H O H(g) ΔcH = –1276 kJ mol–1

H H

(i) Use this value of ΔcH and the average bond enthalpies below to calculate the average
bond enthalpy of C=O.

Average bond enthalpy /

Bond
kJ mol–1
C–H +413
C–C +347
C–O +358
O–H +464
O=O +498

C=O bond enthalpy = .............................................kJ mol–1 [4]

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(ii) Methoxymethane, CH3OCH3, is an isomer of ethanol.

On combustion, methoxymethane, in the gaseous state, produces carbon dioxide and

steam.

H H

H C O C H(g) + 3 O=O(g) 2 O=C=O(g) + 3 H O H(g)

H H

ΔcH for methoxymethane is more negative than ΔcH for ethanol.

Explain why the ΔcH values are different, in terms of the bonds broken and the bonds
formed.

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5 This question is about alkenes.

(a) A mixture of alkenes is produced when water is eliminated from alcohol A.

OH

Alcohol A

(i) What is the systematic name of alcohol A?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Alcohol A is refluxed with an acid catalyst.

• A mixture of alkene isomers B, C and D is formed.

• Alkenes B and C show E/Z isomerism but alkene D does not.

Construct the equation for the formation of alkene D from alcohol A.

Show the structure of the organic product.

[2]

(iii) The skeletal formulae of alkenes B and C are shown below.

Alkene B Alkene C

Skeletal formula

Isomer Z E

Use the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules to explain why alkene B is the Z isomer.

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(b) A chemistry company is developing water-soluble polymers.

The chemists decide to use compound E, shown below, as the monomer.

H CH2 OH

C C

H H
Compound E

(i) Draw a section of the polymer formed, showing two repeat units, and suggest why this
polymer is likely to be soluble in water.

Section of polymer (two repeat units)

Reason for solubility in water .............................................................................................

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[2]

(ii) Outline two ways that waste hydrocarbon polymers can be processed usefully, rather
than being disposed of in landfill sites.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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[2]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE

If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s)
must be clearly shown in the margin(s).

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