Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..

For Research in Education

LAPLACE INVERSE
Type I: Basic
2 1 1 𝑡2
1. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of + 3
+ Ans. 2 + + 𝑒 −4𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠+4 2
3+2𝑠+𝑠 2
2. Find the inverse L.T. of
𝑠3
[M19/Chem/3M]
Solution:
3+2𝑠+𝑠 2 3 2𝑠 𝑠2
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠3 + 𝑠3 + 𝑠3 }
𝑠3
3 2 1
= 𝐿−1 { 3 + + }
𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠
𝑡2
= 3. + 2. 𝑡 + 1
2!

3𝑠+4
3. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of 2
𝑠 +16
[M22/MechCivil/2M]
Solution:
3𝑠+4 3𝑠 4
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+16 + 𝑠2 +16}
𝑠 2 +16
𝑠 1
= 3𝐿−1 { } + 4𝐿−1 {𝑠2+16}
𝑠 2 +16
sin 4𝑡
= 3 cos 4𝑡 + 4.
4
= 3 cos 4𝑡 + sin 4𝑡

𝑠+𝑎 𝜋
4. Find the inverse Laplace of { 2 } and find the constant 𝑎 if 𝑓 ( ) = 1
𝑠 +16 8
[N19/Elect/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+𝑎 𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
𝐿−1 { 2 } = 𝐿−1 { 2 + 2 } = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 𝑎
𝑠 +16 𝑠 +16 𝑠 +16 4
Now,
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 𝑎
4
𝜋
Put 𝑡 =
8
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝑎 sin
2
𝑓 ( ) = cos +
8 2 4
𝑎
1=0+
4
∴𝑎=4

2 5
1−√𝑠 𝑡3 16 𝑡2
5. Find Inverse L.T. of: ( 2 ) Ans. − . 𝑡2 +
𝑠 6 15√𝜋 2
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 1 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 3
2
3𝑠−2 7 6𝑡 2 𝑡2 7 − 𝑡
6. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: [ 5 − ] Ans. − 8. − 𝑒 3
3𝑠+2 √𝜋 3√𝜋 3
𝑠2
1
7. Inverse Laplace transform of is
𝑠
[M22/Chem/2M] Ans. 1
3𝑠−8 4𝑠−24
8. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: [ 2 − 2 ]
𝑠 +4 𝑠 −16
Ans. 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡 + 6𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ4𝑡
𝑠+1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
9. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 2 Ans. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 +
𝑠 −4 2

Type II: First Shifting Property

𝑠+2
1. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: Ans. 𝑒 −2𝑡 . cos √3𝑡
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+7
𝑠+2
2. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 2
𝑠 −2𝑠+17
[M16/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+2 𝑠+2
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2−2𝑠+1−1+17}
𝑠 2 −2𝑠+17
𝑠+2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)2 }
+16
𝑠−1+1+2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)2 }
+16
𝑠+3
= 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +16
𝑠 3
= 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 + 2 }
𝑠 +16 𝑠 +16
3
= 𝑒 𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡]
4

𝑠−1
3. Find inverse LT of 2
𝑠 +2𝑠+2
[N19/Comp/4M]
Solution:
𝑠−1 𝑠−1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+2𝑠+1−1+2}
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2
𝑠−1
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 }
+1
𝑠+1−1−1
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 }
+1
𝑠−2
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +1
𝑠 2
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 − 2 }
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +1
−𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
=𝑒 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 2 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠
4. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(2𝑠+1)2
[N13/CompIT/3M][J23/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 1 𝑠
𝐿−1 {(2𝑠+1)2} = 𝐿−1 { 1 2
}
4 (𝑠+ )
2
1 1
1 𝑠+ −
= 𝐿−1 { 2 2
1 2
}
4 (𝑠+ )
2
1 1
1 −( 𝑡) 𝑠−
= 𝑒 2 𝐿−1 { 22}
4 𝑠
𝑡 1
−( )
𝑒 2
−1 𝑠 2
= 𝐿 { 2− }
4 𝑠 𝑠2
𝑡
−
𝑒 2 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 { − }
4 𝑠 2𝑠 2
−𝑡
𝑒2 𝑡
= [1 − ]
4 2

𝑠
5. Find Inverse Laplace Transform of: (𝑠−2)6
[N14/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠−2+2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)6 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)6}
𝑠+2
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠6
𝑠 2
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 6 + 6}
𝑠 𝑠
1 2
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 5 + 6}
𝑠 𝑠
𝑡4 2𝑡 5
= 𝑒 2𝑡 [ + ]
4! 5!
𝑡4 𝑡5
= 𝑒 2𝑡 [ + ]
24 60

𝑠2 𝑎2 𝑡 2
6. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠+𝑎)3 Ans. 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 [1 − 2𝑎𝑡 + ]
2
1
7. Find inverse Laplace transform of 2
𝑠 +3𝑠+5
[J23/Extc/3M]
Solution:
1 1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 { 9 9 }
𝑠 2 +3𝑠+5 𝑠 2 +3𝑠+ − +5
4 4
1
= 𝐿−1 { 3 2 11
}
(𝑠+ ) +
2 4
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 3 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
3𝑡
1
= 𝑒 − 2 𝐿−1 { 11 }
𝑠2+
4
3 √11
− 𝑡 sin 2 𝑡
=𝑒 2 . √11
2

1
8. Find inverse Laplace transform of 2
𝑠 −2𝑠+5
[M23DSE/Extc/4M]
Solution:
1 1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2−2𝑠+1−1+5}
𝑠 2 −2𝑠+5
1
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)2 }
+4
1
= 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= 𝑒𝑡.
2

𝑠+2
9. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 2
𝑠 −4𝑠+13
[M15/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M][N16/CompIT/4M][M23DSE/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+2 𝑠+2
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2−4𝑠+4−4+13}
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+13
𝑠+2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)2 }
+9
𝑠−2+2+2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)2 }
+9
𝑠+4
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +9
𝑠 4
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 + }
𝑠 +9 𝑠 2 +9
2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
= 𝑒 [𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 4. ]
3
4
= 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
3

𝑠−2
10. Find 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +4𝑠+8
[M22/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
𝑠−2 𝑠−2
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+4𝑠+4−4+8}
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+8
𝑠−2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+2)2 }
+4
𝑠+2−2−2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+2)2 }
+4
𝑠−4
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +4
−2𝑡 −1 𝑠 4
= 𝑒 𝐿 {2 − } AR
𝑠 +4 𝑠 2 +4
S.E/Paper Solutions 4 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
4 sin 2𝑡
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − ]
2
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]

5𝑠+3
11. Find 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +6𝑠+25
[N17/Elect/Biom/4M][M19/Inst/4M]
Solution:
3
5𝑠+3 𝑠+
−1 −1 5
𝐿 {𝑠2+6𝑠+25} = 5𝐿 { }
𝑠 2 +6𝑠+9−9+25
3
𝑠+3−3+
−1 5
=5𝐿 {(𝑠+3)2 }
+16
12
𝑠−
−3𝑡 −1 5
= 5𝑒 𝐿 { }
𝑠 2 +16
12
−3𝑡 −1 𝑠 5
= 5𝑒 𝐿 { − }
𝑠 2 +16 2
𝑠 +16
12 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
= 5𝑒 −3𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 − . ]
5 4
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 [5 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡]

2𝑠−1
12. Find 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 +4𝑠+29
[N15/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
1
2𝑠−1 𝑠−
−1 −1 2
𝐿 {𝑠2+4𝑠+29} = 2 𝐿 { }
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+4−4+29
1
𝑠−
−1 2
=2𝐿 { (𝑠+2)2 +25
}
1
𝑠+2−2−
−1 2
=2𝐿 {(𝑠+2)2 }
+25
5
𝑠−
−2𝑡 −1 2
= 2𝑒 𝐿 { }
𝑠 2 +25
5
−2𝑡 −1 𝑠 2
= 2𝑒 𝐿 { − }
𝑠 2 +25 𝑠 2 +25
5 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡
= 2𝑒 −2𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 − . ]
2 5
𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡
= 2𝑒 −2𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 − ]
2

2𝑠−1
13. Find 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 +8𝑠+29
[N22/CompITAI/5M]
Solution: AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 5 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
2𝑠−1 2𝑠−1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+8𝑠+16−16+29}
𝑠 2 +8𝑠+29
2𝑠−1
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)2 }
+13
−1 2(𝑠+4−4)−1
= 𝐿 { (𝑠+4)2 }
+13
2(𝑠−4)−1
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +13
2𝑠−8−1
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +13
−4𝑡 −1 2𝑠−9
=𝑒 𝐿 {𝑠2+13}
2𝑠 9
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { − }
𝑠 2 +13 𝑠 2 +13
9 sin √13𝑡
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 [2 cos √13𝑡 − ]
√13

2𝑠+3
14. Find 𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 +2𝑠+2
[N22/Extc/4M][J23/Extc/4M]
Solution:
2𝑠+3 2𝑠+3
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+2𝑠+1−1+2}
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2
2𝑠+3
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 }
+1
2(𝑠+1−1)+3
= 𝐿−1 { (𝑠+1)2 +1
}
2(𝑠−1)+3
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +1
2𝑠−2+3
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +1
−𝑡 −1 2𝑠+1
= 𝑒 𝐿 {2 }
𝑠 +1
−𝑡 −1 2𝑠 1
= 𝑒 𝐿 {2 + 2 }
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +1
−𝑡
= 𝑒 [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

4𝑠+13
15. Find 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +8𝑠+13
[M23DSE/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
4𝑠+13 4𝑠+13
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+8𝑠+16−16+13}
𝑠 2 +8𝑠+13
4𝑠+13
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)2 }
−3
4(𝑠+4−4)+13
= 𝐿−1 { (𝑠+4)2 −3
}
4(𝑠−4)+13
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 −3
4𝑠−16+13
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 −3
−4𝑡 −1 4𝑠−3
=𝑒 𝐿 {𝑠2−3} AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 6 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
4𝑠 3
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { − }
𝑠 2 −3 𝑠 2 −3
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 [4 cosh √3𝑡 − √3 sinh √3𝑡]

𝑠+6
16. Find 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−5)2 }
+121
[N19/Elect/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+6 𝑠−5+5+6
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−5)2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−5)2+121}
+121
𝑠+11
= 𝑒 5𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +121
𝑠 11
= 𝑒 5𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 + 2 }
𝑠 +121 𝑠 +121
= 𝑒 5𝑡 [𝑐𝑜𝑠11𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛11𝑡]

𝑠
17. Find 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−5)2 }
[M23/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠−5+5
𝐿−1 [(𝑠−5)2 ] = 𝐿−1 [(𝑠−5)2 ]
𝑠+5
= 𝑒 5𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠2
𝑠 5
= 𝑒 5𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 + 2}
𝑠 𝑠
1 5
= 𝑒 5𝑡 𝐿−1 { + 2}
𝑠 𝑠
= 𝑒 5𝑡 [1 + 5𝑡]

𝑠+5
18. Find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠+4)3 ]
[N19/Elex/3M]
Solution:
𝑠+5 𝑠+4+1
𝐿−1 [(𝑠+4)3 ] = 𝐿−1 [(𝑠+4)3 ]
𝑠+1
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠3
𝑠 1
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { 3 + 3}
𝑠 𝑠
1 1
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2 + 3}
𝑠 𝑠
𝑡2
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 [𝑡 + ]
2

𝑠−1
19. Find 𝐿−1 [(2𝑠+1)2]
[M23/Extc/4M]
Solution:
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 7 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠−1 1 𝑠−1
𝐿−1 {(2𝑠+1)2} = 𝐿−1 { 1 2
}
22 (𝑠+ )
2
1 1
1 𝑠+ − −1
= 𝐿−1 { 2 2
1 2
}
4 (𝑠+ )
2
1 1
1 𝑠− −1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿 −1
{ 2
}
4 𝑠2
1 3
1 𝑠−
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 22 }
4 𝑠
1 3
1 − 𝑡 −1 𝑠 2
= 𝑒 2 𝐿 { 2− }
4 𝑠 𝑠2
1 3
1 1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { − 2
}
4 𝑠 𝑠2
1
− 𝑡
𝑒 2 3
= [1 − 𝑡]
4 2

6
20. Find 𝐿−1 [(2𝑠+1)3]
[M17/CompIT/4M]
Solution:
6 6 1
𝐿−1 {(2𝑠+1)3} = 𝐿−1 { 1 3
}
8 (𝑠+ )
2
1
3 1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 3}
4 𝑠
1
3 −( 𝑡) 𝑡 2
= 𝑒 2 .
4 2!
𝑡
3 − 2
= 𝑒 2 𝑡
8

3𝑠+1
21. Find the inverse L.T. of (𝑠+1)4
[N18/Comp/4M]
Solution:
1
3𝑠+1 𝑠+
−1 −1 3
𝐿 {(𝑠+1)4 } = 3𝐿 {(𝑠+1)4}
1
𝑠+1−1+
−1 3
= 3𝐿 { (𝑠+1)4
}
2
𝑠−
−𝑡 −1 3
= 3𝑒 𝐿 { }
𝑠4
2
−𝑡 −1 𝑠 3
= 3𝑒 𝐿 { 4− }
𝑠 𝑠4
1 2 AR
= 3𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 { 3 − }
𝑠 3𝑠 4
S.E/Paper Solutions 8 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑡2 2 𝑡3
= 3𝑒 −𝑡 [ − . ]
2! 3 3!
2 𝑡3
−𝑡 𝑡
= 3𝑒 [ − ]
2 9

1
22. Find 𝐿−1 [ ]
√2𝑠+1
[N17/Comp/5M][N19/IT/4M]
Solution:
1 1 1
𝐿−1 { }= 𝐿−1 { }
√2𝑠+1 √2 √𝑠+
1
2
1
1 1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
√2 𝑠 √
1 1
− 𝑡 −
𝑒 2 𝑡 2
= . 1
√2 Γ(2)
1
− 𝑡
𝑒 2
=
√2 √𝜋 √𝑡
𝑡
−
𝑒 2
=
√2𝜋𝑡

1
23. 𝐿−1 [(𝑠+2)4]
[M22/MechCivil/2M]
Solution:
1 1 𝑡3 𝑡3
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+2)4 } = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 4} = 𝑒 −2𝑡 . = 𝑒 −2𝑡 .
𝑠 3! 6

Type III: Method of Partial Fractions

4𝑠+12
1. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: Ans. 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 3𝑒 −6𝑡
𝑠 2 +8𝑠+12
𝑠 2 +1 1 5
2. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: Ans. − 2𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡
𝑠 3 +3𝑠 2 +2𝑠 2 2
𝑠+2
3. Find Inverse Laplace transform of
𝑠(𝑠+3)
[J23/Extc/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+2 𝐴 𝐵
Let = +
𝑠(𝑠+3) 𝑠 𝑠+3
𝑠 + 2 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 3) + 𝐵𝑠
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =1
3𝐴 + 0𝐵 = 2
2 1
On solving the equations, we get 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = AR
3 3

S.E/Paper Solutions 9 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
2 1
−1 𝑠+2 −1 3 3 2 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝐿 {𝑠(𝑠+3)} = 𝐿 { + }= +
𝑠 𝑠+3 3 3

3𝑠+7
4. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 2
𝑠 −2𝑠−3
[N17/Chem/6M][M18/Comp/5M]
Solution:
3𝑠+7 𝐴 𝐵
Let (𝑠−3)(𝑠+1) = +
𝑠−3 𝑠+1
3𝑠 + 7 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 3)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =3
𝐴 − 3𝐵 = 7
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = 4, 𝐵 = −1
3𝑠+7 4 1
𝐿−1 { 2 } = 𝐿−1 { − } = 4𝑒 3𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑠 −2𝑠−3 𝑠−3 𝑠+1

8𝑠+20
5. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 2
𝑠 −12𝑠+32
[N18/Elex/4M]
Solution:
8𝑠+20 𝐴 𝐵
Let (𝑠−4)(𝑠−8) = +
𝑠−4 𝑠−8
8𝑠 + 20 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 8) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 4)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =8
−8𝐴 − 4𝐵 = 20
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = −13, 𝐵 = 21
8𝑠+20 −13 21
𝐿−1 { 2 } = 𝐿−1 { + } = −13𝑒 4𝑡 + 21𝑒 8𝑡
𝑠 −12𝑠+32 𝑠−4 𝑠−8

𝑠
6. Find the inverse LT of (𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)(𝑠−3)
[M19/Chem/3M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let (𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)(𝑠−3) = + +
𝑠−1 𝑠−2 𝑠−3
𝑠 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 3) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)
𝑠 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 − 5𝑠 + 6) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 3) + 𝐶(𝑠 2 − 3𝑠 + 2)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =0
−5𝐴 − 4𝐵 − 3𝐶 = 1
6𝐴 + 3𝐵 + 2𝐶 = 0
On solving the equations, we get AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 10 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 3
𝐴 = , 𝐵 = −2, 𝐶 =
2 2
1 3
−1 𝑠 −1 2 𝑒𝑡 3𝑒 3𝑡
𝐿 {(𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)(𝑠−3)} = 𝐿 { 2
− + 2
}= − 2𝑒 2𝑡 +
𝑠−1 𝑠−2 𝑠−3 2 2

2𝑠 2 −6𝑠+5
7. Find inverse LT of 3 2
𝑠 −6𝑠 +11𝑠−6
[N19/IT/4M]
Solution:
2𝑠 2 −6𝑠+5 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let (𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)(𝑠−3) = + +
𝑠−1 𝑠−2 𝑠−3
2
2𝑠 − 6𝑠 + 5 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 3) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)
2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 − 5𝑠 + 6) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 3) + 𝐶(𝑠 2 − 3𝑠 + 2)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =2
−5𝐴 − 4𝐵 − 3𝐶 = −6
6𝐴 + 3𝐵 + 2𝐶 = 5
On solving the equations, we get
1 5
𝐴 = , 𝐵 = −1, 𝐶 =
2 2
1 5
−1 2𝑠 2 −6𝑠+5 −1 1 𝑒𝑡 5𝑒 3𝑡
𝐿 {𝑠3−6𝑠2 +11𝑠−6} = 𝐿 { 2
− + 2
}= − 𝑒 2𝑡 +
𝑠−1 𝑠−2 𝑠−3 2 2

𝑠+4
8. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of (𝑠+1)(𝑠+2)(𝑠+3) by using partial fraction method
[J23/Extc/6M]
Solution:
𝑠+4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let (𝑠+1)(𝑠+2)(𝑠+3) = + +
𝑠+1 𝑠+2 𝑠+3
𝑠 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 3) + 𝐵(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 3) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)
𝑠 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 5𝑠 + 6) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 3) + 𝐶(𝑠 2 + 3𝑠 + 2)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =0
5𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 3𝐶 = 1
6𝐴 + 3𝐵 + 2𝐶 = 4
On solving the equations, we get
3 1
𝐴 = , 𝐵 = −2, 𝐶 =
2 2
3 1
−1 𝑠+4 −1 2 3 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝐿 {(𝑠+1)(𝑠+2)(𝑠+3)} = 𝐿 { 2
− + 2
} = 𝑒 −𝑡 − 2𝑒 −2𝑡 +
𝑠+1 𝑠+2 𝑠+3 2 2

𝑠+2
9. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:
𝑠 2 (𝑠+3)
[M19/Comp/5M][N22/Extc/4M]
Solution: AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 11 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠+2 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let = + +
𝑠 2 (𝑠+3) 𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠+3
𝑠 + 2 = 𝐴𝑠(𝑠 + 3) + 𝐵(𝑠 + 3) + 𝐶𝑠 2
0𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 2 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 3𝑠) + 𝐵(𝑠 + 3) + 𝐶𝑠 2
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴 + 0𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
3𝐴 + 𝐵 + 0𝐶 = 1
0𝐴 + 3𝐵 + 0𝐶 = 2
On solving the equations, we get
1 2 1
𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = −
9 3 9
1 2 1
−1 𝑠+2 −1 1 2 1
𝐿 {𝑠2(𝑠+3)} = 𝐿 { + 9 3
− 9
} = + 𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠+3 9 3 9

1
10. Find the Inverse L.T. of
𝑠 3 (𝑠−1)
[N14/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
Let 3(𝑠−1) = + 2 + 3 +
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠−1
2 (𝑠
1 = 𝐴𝑠 − 1) + 𝐵𝑠(𝑠 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1) + 𝐷𝑠 3
1 = 𝐴(𝑠 3 − 𝑠 2 ) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 𝑠) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1) + 𝐷𝑠 3
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐷 =0
−𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0
−𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
−𝐶 = 1
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = −1, 𝐵 = −1, 𝐶 = −1, 𝐷 = 1
1 1 1 1 1 𝑡2
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {− 𝑠 − 𝑠2 − 𝑠3 + 𝑠−1} = −1 − 𝑡 − + 𝑒𝑡
𝑠 3 (𝑠−1) 2

5𝑠 2 −15𝑠−11
11. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠+1)(𝑠−2)2
[N13/Chem/6M]
Solution:
5𝑠 2 −15𝑠−11 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let (𝑠+1)(𝑠−2)2 = + + (𝑠−2)2
𝑠+1 𝑠−2
5𝑠 − 15𝑠 − 11 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 2)2 + 𝐵(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 − 2) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 1)
2

5𝑠 2 − 15𝑠 − 11 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 4) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 𝑠 − 2) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 1)

Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 0𝐶 = 5
−4𝐴 − 𝐵 + 𝐶 = −15
4𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝐶 = −11
On solving, we get 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 4, 𝐶 = −7 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 12 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
5𝑠 2 −15𝑠−11 1 4 7
𝐿−1 { (𝑠+1)(𝑠−2)2 } = 𝐿−1 { + − (𝑠−2)2}
𝑠+1 𝑠−2
1
= 𝑒 + 4𝑒 − 7𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2}
−𝑡 2𝑡
𝑠
−𝑡 2𝑡 2𝑡
= 𝑒 + 4𝑒 − 7𝑒 . 𝑡

1 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡
12. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠−2)(𝑠+2)2 Ans. − −
16 16 4
𝑠 −2𝑡 −2𝑡
13. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠+2)2(𝑠+1) Ans. 𝑒 + 2𝑡𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑡
1
14. Find inverse Laplace transform of (𝑠−2)2(𝑠+1)
[M23/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let (𝑠+1)(𝑠−2)2 = + + (𝑠−2)2
𝑠+1 𝑠−2
1 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 2)2 + 𝐵(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 − 2) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 1)
0𝑠 2 + 0𝑠 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 4) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 𝑠 − 2) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 1)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 0𝐶 = 0
−4𝐴 − 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
4𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝐶 = 1
1 1 1
On solving, we get 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = − , 𝐶 =
9 9 3
1 1 1
1 −
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)(𝑠−2)2 } = 𝐿−1 { 9
+ 9
+ 3
(𝑠−2)2
}
𝑠+1 𝑠−2
1 1 1 1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { 2}
9 9 3 𝑠
𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡𝑒 2𝑡
= − +
9 9 3

1 1 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −4𝑡
15. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: Ans. − −
𝑠(𝑠+4)2 16 16 4
𝑠+4
16. Find the inverse Laplace transform of (𝑠2
−1)(𝑠+1)
[N15/ChemBiot/6M][M16/ChemBiot/6M][M18/N18/Chem/6M]
Solution:
𝑠+4 𝑠+4
We have, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)(𝑠+1)(𝑠+1)}
−1)(𝑠+1)
𝑠+4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let (𝑠−1)(𝑠+1)2 = + + (𝑠+1)2
𝑠−1 𝑠+1
𝑠 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 + 1) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1)
𝑠 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1)
On comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =0
2𝐴 + 𝐶 = 1
𝐴−𝐵−𝐶 =4
On solving, we get AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 13 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
5 5 3
𝐴 = ,𝐵 = − ,𝐶 = −
4 4 2
5 5 3
−1 𝑠+4 −1 4 4 2
𝐿 {(𝑠2−1)(𝑠+1)} = 𝐿 { − − (𝑠+1)2
}
𝑠−1 𝑠+1
5 5 3
= 𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 . 𝑡
4 4 2

1
17. Find inverse Laplace transform of (𝑠−2)4(𝑠+3) using method of partial fractions
[N22/CompITAI/6M]
Solution:
1 1 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)4(𝑠+3)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)4(𝑠−2+2+3)} = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 4 (𝑠+5)
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 𝐸
Let 4 (𝑠+5)
= + 2
+ 3
+ 4
+
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠+5
3 (𝑠 2 (𝑠
1 = 𝐴𝑠 + 5) + 𝐵𝑠 + 5) + 𝐶𝑠(𝑠 + 5) + 𝐷(𝑠 + 5) + 𝐸𝑠 4
0𝑠 4 + 0𝑠 3 + 0𝑠 2 + 0𝑠 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑠 4 + 5𝑠 3 ) + 𝐵(𝑠 3 + 5𝑠 2 ) + 𝐶 (𝑠 2 + 5𝑠) + 𝐷 (𝑠 + 5) + 𝐸𝑠 4
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐸 =0
5𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0
5𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
5𝐶 + 𝐷 = 0
5𝐷 = 1
On solving the equations, we get
1 1 1 1 1
𝐴=− ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = − ,𝐷 = ,𝐸 =
625 125 25 5 625
−1 1 2𝑡 −1 1
𝐿 {(𝑠−2)4(𝑠+3)} = 𝑒 𝐿 {𝑠4(𝑠+5)}
1 1 1 1 1
− −
2𝑡 −1 625 125 25 5 625
=𝑒 𝐿 { + + + + }
𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠3 𝑠4 𝑠+5
1 𝑡 1 𝑡2 1 𝑡3 1
= 𝑒 2𝑡 [− + − . + . + . 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
625 125 25 2! 5 3! 625
𝑒 2𝑡 𝑒 2𝑡 .𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑡3 𝑒 −3𝑡
= − + − 𝑒 2𝑡 . + 𝑒 2𝑡 . +
625 125 50 30 625

3𝑠+1
18. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠+1)(𝑠2
+2)
[M14/ChemBiot/4M]
Solution:
3𝑠+1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
Let (𝑠+1)(𝑠2 = + 2
+2) 𝑠+1 𝑠 +2
2
3𝑠 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 2) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)(𝑠 + 1)
3𝑠 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 + 𝑠) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 1)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0, 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 3, 2𝐴 + 𝐶 = 1
2 2 7
On solving the equations, we get 𝐴 = − , 𝐵 = , 𝐶 =
3 3 3
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 14 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
2 2𝑠 7
3𝑠+1 +
−1 −1 3 3 3
𝐿 {(𝑠+1)(𝑠2+2)} = 𝐿 {− + 2
}
𝑠+1 𝑠 +2
1 2 2𝑠 7
= 𝐿−1 {− + + }
3 𝑠+1 𝑠 2 +2 𝑠 2 +2
1 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛√2𝑡
= [−2𝑒 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠√2𝑡 + 7. ]
3 √2

𝑠 2 +16𝑠−24
19. Find 𝐿−1 [ 4 ]
𝑠 +20𝑠 2 +64
[N17/N18/Biot/8M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +16𝑠−24 𝐴𝑠+𝐵 𝐶𝑠+𝐷
Let (𝑠2 = +
+4)(𝑠 2 +16) 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +16
𝑠 + 16𝑠 − 24 = (𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵)(𝑠 + 16) + (𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷)(𝑠 2 + 4)
2 2

𝑠 2 + 16𝑠 − 24 = 𝐴(𝑠 3 + 16𝑠) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 + 16) + 𝐶(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠) + 𝐷(𝑠 2 + 4)

Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐶 =0
𝐵+𝐷 =1
16𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 16
16𝐵 + 4𝐷 = −24
Solving the equations, we get
4 4 7 10
𝐴 = ,𝐶 = − ,𝐵 = − ,𝐷 =
3 3 3 3
Thus,
4 7 4 10
𝑠 2 +16𝑠−24 𝑠− − 𝑠+
−1 −1 3 3 3 3
𝐿 [ ]=𝐿 { + }
𝑠 4 +20𝑠 2 +64 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +16
1 4𝑠 7 4𝑠 10
= 𝐿−1 { − − + }
3 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +16 𝑠 2 +16
1 7 sin 2𝑡 10 sin 4𝑡
= [4 cos 2𝑡 − − 4 cos 4𝑡 + ]
3 2 4
4 7 4 5
= cos 2𝑡 − sin 2𝑡 − cos 4𝑡 + sin 4𝑡
3 6 3 6

𝑠2
20. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 )
[M15/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
For partial fractions, let 𝑠 2 = 𝑥
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+𝑎2 )(𝑥+𝑏2 )
= 2
+ 2
𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑏
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝐵(𝑥 + 𝑎2 )
2)

Put 𝑥 = −𝑎2
−𝑎2 = 𝐴(−𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝑎2
𝐴= 2 2
𝑎 −𝑏
Put 𝑥 = −𝑏 2
AR
−𝑏 2 = 𝐵(−𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 )
S.E/Paper Solutions 15 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑏2
𝐵=−
𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑠2 𝑎 +𝑏2
2 𝑎 +𝑏2
2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 { − }
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 ) 𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
1 𝑎2 𝑏2
= 𝐿−1 { − }
𝑎2 +𝑏 2 𝑠 2 +𝑎 2
𝑠 2 +𝑏2
1 −1 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
= 2 2
𝐿 {𝑎 − 𝑏2 }
𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
1
= [𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 − 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡]
𝑎2 −𝑏2

𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3
21. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2
+2𝑠+5)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
[N16/ChemBiot/6M][N17/MTRX/6M][J23/CompIT/8M]
Solution:
For partial fractions, put 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 = 𝑥
𝑥+3 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+5)(𝑥+2)
= +
𝑥+5 𝑥+2
𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 5)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =1
2𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 3
On solving, we get
2 1
𝐴 = ,𝐵 =
3 3
2 1
−1 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3 −1 3 3
𝐿 {(𝑠2+2𝑠+5)(𝑠2+2𝑠+2)} = 𝐿 { + }
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+5 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2
1 2 1
= 𝐿−1 { + }
3 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+4 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+1
1 −1 2 1
= 𝐿 {(𝑠+1)2 + (𝑠+1)2 }
3 +4 +1
1 −𝑡 −1 2 1
= 𝑒 𝐿 {2 + 2 }
3 𝑠 +4 𝑠 +1
𝑒 −𝑡
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
3

𝑠
22. Find Inverse L.T. of (𝑠2
+4)(𝑠 2 +9)
[N13/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M][N17/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠. (𝑠2 +4)(𝑠2+9)}
+4)(𝑠 2 +9)
For partial fractions, let 𝑠 2 = 𝑥
1 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+4)(𝑥+9)
= +
𝑥+4 𝑥+9
1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 9) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 4)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =0 AR

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Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
9𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 1
On solving the equations, we get
1 1
𝐴 = ,𝐵 = −
5 5
1 1
−1 𝑠 −1 5 5
𝐿 {(𝑠2+4)(𝑠2 +9)} = 𝐿 {𝑠. ( − )}
𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +9
1 𝑠 𝑠
= 𝐿−1 { − }
5 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +9
1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
5

2𝑠
23. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 4
𝑠 +4
[M15/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
2𝑠 2𝑠
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠4+4𝑠2+4−4𝑠2 }
𝑠 4 +4
2𝑠
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+2)2 −(2𝑠)2
2𝑠
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+2−2𝑠)(𝑠 2 +2+2𝑠)
1 1 1
= 𝐿−1 { − }
2 𝑠 2 +2−2𝑠 𝑠 2 +2+2𝑠
1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 {2 − 2 }
2 𝑠 −2𝑠+1+1 𝑠 +2𝑠+1+1
1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 {(𝑠−1)2 − (𝑠+1)2 }
2 +1 +1
1 𝑡 −𝑡
= [𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
2
1
= [𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡

𝑠+4
24. Find the inverse L.T. of
𝑠(𝑠−1)(𝑠 2 +4)
[M15/ChemBiot/6M]
Solution:
𝑠+4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶𝑠+𝐷
Let 2
= + +
𝑠(𝑠−1)(𝑠 +4) 𝑠 𝑠−1 𝑠 2 +4
𝑠 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 + 4) + 𝐵𝑠(𝑠 2 + 4) + (𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷)𝑠(𝑠 − 1)
2

𝑠 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 − 𝑠 2 − 4) + 𝐵(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠) + 𝐶(𝑠 3 − 𝑠 2 ) + 𝐷(𝑠 2 − 𝑠)

Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =0
−𝐴 − 𝐶 + 𝐷 = 0
4𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 𝐷 = 1
−4𝐴 = 4
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = −1, 𝐵 = 1, 𝐶 = 0, 𝐷 = −1
AR

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Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠+4 1 1 1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {− 𝑠 + 𝑠−1 − 𝑠2+4}
𝑠(𝑠−1)(𝑠 2 +4)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= −1 + 𝑒 𝑡 −
2

𝑠+29
25. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠+4)(𝑠2
+9)
[M15/CompIT/4M][M23DSE/MechCivil/6M][M23/CompIT/6M]
[M23DSE/CompIT/8M]
Solution:
𝑠+29 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
Let (𝑠+4)(𝑠2 = + 2
+9) 𝑠+4 𝑠 +9
2
𝑠 + 29 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 9) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)(𝑠 + 4)
𝑠 + 29 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 9) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 4)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =0
4𝐵 + 𝐶 = 1
9𝐴 + 4𝐶 = 29
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = −1, 𝐶 = 5
𝑠+29 1 −𝑠+5
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 { + 2 }
+9) 𝑠+4 𝑠 +9
1 𝑠 5
= 𝐿−1 { − + }
𝑠+4 𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +9
5
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
3

5𝑠 2 +8𝑠−1
26. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠+3)(𝑠2
+1)
[M14/ChemBiot/4M][M22/Extc/5M]
Solution:
5𝑠 2 +8𝑠−1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
Let (𝑠+3)(𝑠2 = +
+1) 𝑠+3 𝑠 2 +1
2 2
5𝑠 + 8𝑠 − 1 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 1) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)(𝑠 + 3)
5𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 − 1 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 + 3𝑠) + 𝐶(𝑠 + 3)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =5
3𝐵 + 𝐶 = 8
𝐴 + 3𝐶 = −1
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = 3, 𝐶 = −1
5𝑠 2 +8𝑠−1 2 3𝑠−1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+3)(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠+3 + 𝑠2+1}
+1)
2 3𝑠 1
= 𝐿−1 { + 2 − 2 }
𝑠+3 𝑠 +1 𝑠 +1
= 2𝑒 −3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 18 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
5𝑠 2 −7𝑠+17
27. Find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠−1)(𝑠2 ]
+4)
[N22/Chem/4M]
Solution:
5𝑠 2 −7𝑠+17 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
Let (𝑠−1)(𝑠2 = +
+4) 𝑠−1 𝑠 2 +4
5𝑠 2 − 7𝑠 + 17 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 4) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)(𝑠 − 1)
5𝑠 2 − 7𝑠 + 17 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 4) + 𝐵(𝑠 2 − 𝑠) + 𝐶(𝑠 − 1)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =5
−𝐵 + 𝐶 = −7
4𝐴 − 𝐶 = 17
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = 3, 𝐵 = 2, 𝐶 = −5
5𝑠 2 −7𝑠+17 3 2𝑠−5
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠−1 + 𝑠2+4}
+4)
3 2𝑠 5
= 𝐿−1 { + − }
𝑠−1 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +4
5𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= 3𝑒 𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 −
2

𝑠2 1 2
28. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2 Ans. − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
+1)(𝑠 2 +4) 3 3
𝑠2
29. Find Inverse L.T. of:(𝑠2
+5)(𝑠 2 +4)
[N22/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
For partial fractions, let 𝑠 2 = 𝑥
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+5)(𝑥+4)
= +
𝑥+5 𝑥+4
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 4) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 5)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =1
4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 0
On solving the equations, we get
𝐴 = 5, 𝐵 = −4
𝑠2 5 4
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+5 − 𝑠2+4}
+5)(𝑠 2 +4)
5 sin √5𝑡 4 sin 2𝑡
= −
√5 2
= √5 sin √5𝑡 − 2 sin 2𝑡

𝑠2
30. By using partial fractions, find the inverse Laplace transform of (𝑠2
+9)(𝑠 2 +16)
[J23/MechCivil/6M]
Solution: AR

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Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
For partial fractions, let 𝑠 2 = 𝑥
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+9)(𝑥+16)
= +
𝑥+9 𝑥+16
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 16) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 9)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =1
16𝐴 + 9𝐵 = 0
On solving the equations, we get
9 16
𝐴 = − ,𝐵 =
7 7
9 16
−1 𝑠2 −1
−
7 7
𝐿 {(𝑠2+9)(𝑠2+16)} = 𝐿 { + }
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +16
9 sin 3𝑡 16 sin 4𝑡
=− . + .
7 3 7 4
3 4
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
7 7

𝑠
31. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)(𝑠 2 +9)
[N17/IT/6M][M23DSE/Extc/8M]
Solution:
𝑠 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠. (𝑠2+1)(𝑠2+4)(𝑠2 +9)}
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)(𝑠 2 +9)
For partial fractions, let 𝑠 2 = 𝑥
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+4)(𝑥+9)
= + +
𝑥+1 𝑥+4 𝑥+9
1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 9) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 9) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4)
1 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 36) + 𝐵(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 9) + 𝐶(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =0
13𝐴 + 10𝐵 + 5𝐶 = 0
36𝐴 + 9𝐵 + 4𝐶 = 1
On solving the equations, we get
1 1 1
𝐴 = ,𝐵 = − ,𝐶 =
24 15 40
1 1 1
−1 𝑠 −1 24 15 40
𝐿 {(𝑠2+1)(𝑠2 +4)(𝑠2+9)} = 𝐿 {𝑠. ( − + )}
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +9
1 1 1
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
−1 24 15 40
=𝐿 { − + }
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +9
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
= − +
24 15 40

6𝑠+3
32. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:
𝑠 4 +5𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
Ans. 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 −
2
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 20 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3
33. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2
+2𝑠+10)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+17)
[M19/IT/6M]
Solution:
For partial fractions, put 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 = 𝑥
𝑥+3 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑥+10)(𝑥+17)
= +
𝑥+10 𝑥+17
𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 17) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 10)
Comparing the coefficients, we get
𝐴+𝐵 =1
17𝐴 + 10𝐵 = 3
On solving, we get
𝐴 = −1, 𝐵 = 2
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3 −1 2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+2𝑠+10 + 𝑠2+2𝑠+17}
+2𝑠+10)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+17)
−1 2
= 𝐿−1 { + }
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+9 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+16
−1 2
= 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 + (𝑠+1)2 }
+9 +16
−𝑡 −1 −1 2
= 𝑒 𝐿 {2 + 2 }
𝑠 +9 𝑠 +16
−𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 2𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
=𝑒 [− + ]
3 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 [− + ]
3 2

𝑠 2 +2𝑠−4
34. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2
+2𝑠+5)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
1
Ans. 3𝑒 −𝑡 . . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 2𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
2
2𝑠 2 −1 3
35. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:(𝑠2 Ans. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
+1)(𝑠 2 +4) 2

Type IV: Convolution Theorem

𝑠2
1. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
+𝑎2 )2
[M22/Chem/5M]
Solution:
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+𝑎2 . 𝑠2+𝑎2}
+𝑎2 )2
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 2} 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 2 }
𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠 +𝑎
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑢 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By Convolution theorem, AR

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Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠 1 𝑡
𝐿−1 { . } = 2 ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑢. cos(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑎2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 [cos[𝑎𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢] + cos[𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑢] 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 + cos(2𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(2𝑎𝑢−𝑎𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡. 𝑢 + ]
2 2𝑎 0
1 sin 𝑎𝑡 sin(−𝑎𝑡)
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡. 𝑡 + −0− ]
2 2𝑎 2𝑎
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
= [𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 + + ]
2 2𝑎 2𝑎
1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
= [𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 + ]
2 2𝑎
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
= [𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 + ]
2 𝑎

𝑠2
2. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
−𝑎2 )2
[M14/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 −𝑎 𝑠 2 −𝑎2
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 2 }
𝑠 −𝑎 𝑠 −𝑎
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑢. cosh(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
−𝑎2 )2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑢. cosh(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(𝑎𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡 + cosh(2𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sinh(2𝑎𝑢−𝑎𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡 + ]
2 2𝑎 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡 sinh(−𝑎𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡 + −0− ]
2 2𝑎 2𝑎
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡 + ]
2 𝑎
[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡+𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡]
=
2𝑎

(𝑠+3)2
3. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
+6𝑠+13)2
[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡+2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
Ans. 𝑒 −3𝑡 .
4 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 22 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠2
4. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: (𝑠2
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 )
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡−𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
Ans.
𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑠2
5. By convolution theorem, solve 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)
[N18/Biot/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +1 𝑠 2 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡 − 𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(2𝑡−𝑢) sin(3𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −1 3 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 sin(−2𝑡)
= [ + − − ]
2 −1 3 −1 3
1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −3 3
1
= [2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
3

𝑠2
6. By convolution theorem, solve 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+32 )(𝑠 2 +52 )
[M19/IT/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +3 𝑠 2 +52
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 2 }
𝑠 +3 𝑠 +5
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(5𝑡 − 5𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+32 )(𝑠 2 +52 )
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(5𝑡 − 5𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 + 5𝑡 − 5𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 − 5𝑡 + 5𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 AR
2
S.E/Paper Solutions 23 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(8𝑢 − 5𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(5𝑡−2𝑢) sin(8𝑢−5𝑡) 𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −2 8 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡 sin(−5𝑡)
= [ + − − ]
2 −2 8 −2 8
1 6𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 10𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −16 16
3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡−5𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡
=
−16

𝑠2
7. By convolution theorem, solve 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+4)(𝑠 2 +25)
[M19/Chem/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +4 𝑠 2 +25
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
−1
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +25
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(5𝑡 − 5𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+4)(𝑠 2 +25)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(5𝑡 − 5𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 + 5𝑡 − 5𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 − 5𝑡 + 5𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(7𝑢 − 5𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(5𝑡−3𝑢) sin(7𝑢−5𝑡) 𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −3 7 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡 sin(−5𝑡)
= [ + − − ]
2 −3 7 −3 7
1 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 10𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −21 21
1
= [5𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
21

𝑠2
8. By convolution theorem, solve 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+9)(𝑠 2 +16)
[M18/Inst/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +9 𝑠 2 +16
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +9 𝑠 +16
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem, AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 24 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(4𝑡 − 4𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+9)(𝑠 2 +16)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(4𝑡 − 4𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 + 4𝑡 − 4𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 − 4𝑡 + 4𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4𝑡 − 𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(7𝑢 − 4𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(4𝑡−𝑢) sin(7𝑢−4𝑡) 𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −1 7 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 sin(−4𝑡)
= [ + − − ]
2 −1 7 −1 7
1 6𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 8𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
= [ + ]
2 −7 7
1
= [4𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
7

𝑠2
9. Evaluate 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ] by convolution theorem
+9)(𝑠 2 +4)
[N19/Inst/6M][M23/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +9 𝑠 2 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +9 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+9)(𝑠 2 +4)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡 + 𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(2𝑡+𝑢) sin(5𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [ + ]
2 1 5 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 sin(−2𝑡)
= [ + − − ]
2 1 5 1 5
1 6𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [ − ]
2 5 5
1
= [3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
5

𝑠2
10. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:
𝑠 4 +10𝑠 2 +9
1
Ans. [3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
8
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 25 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠2
11. Using convolution theorem Find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+4)2
[N15/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/6M][N18/Elex/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = 2
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 −1 {𝐺(𝑠)} 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+4)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + cos(4𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(4𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 4 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 sin(−2𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + −0− ]
2 4 4
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 2
1
= [2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
4

𝑠2
12. By using Convolution theorem find 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
−22 )2
[N19/Biot/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 −4 𝑠 2 −4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 −4 𝑠 −4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑢. cosh(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
−4)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑢. cosh(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + cosh(4𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sinh(4𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + ] AR
2 4 0
S.E/Paper Solutions 26 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡 sinh(−2𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + −0− ]
2 4 4
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + ]
2 2
[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡+2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡]
=
4

(𝑠+2)2
13. Find Inverse L.T. of:(𝑠2
+4𝑠+8)2
[M16/ChemBiot/4M][N16/CompIT/6M][N17/Extc/6M][M18/IT/6M]
[N18/IT/6M][N18/Elect/6M][M19/Elect/6M][N22/Extc/6M]
Solution:
(𝑠+2)2 (𝑠+2)2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+4𝑠+4+4)2 }
+4𝑠+8)2
(𝑠+2)2
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+2)2 }
+4)2
𝑠2
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)2
𝑠2
Now, consider 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)2
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +4
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+4)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + cos(4𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(4𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 4 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 sin(−2𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + −0− ]
2 4 4
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 2
1
= [2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
4
Thus,
(𝑠+2)2 𝑠2 𝑒 −2𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 +4)2} = [𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
+4𝑠+8)2 4

(𝑠−1)2
14. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠2
−2𝑠+5)2
AR
[M14/CompIT/6M][M17/CompIT/6M]
S.E/Paper Solutions 27 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
Solution:
(𝑠−1)2 (𝑠−1)2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2−2𝑠+1+4)2 }
−2𝑠+5)2
(𝑠−1)2
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠−1)2 }
+4)2
𝑠2
= 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)2
𝑠2
Now, consider 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)2
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +4
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+4)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + cos(4𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(4𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 4 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 sin(−2𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + −0− ]
2 4 4
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 2
1
= [2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
4
Thus,
(𝑠−1)2 𝑠2 𝑒𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 +4)2} = [𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
−2𝑠+5)2 4

(𝑠+3)2
15. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠2 using convolution theorem
+6𝑠+5)2
[M14/ChemBiot/4M][M16/CompIT/6M][N22/CompITAI/6M]
Solution:
(𝑠+3)2 (𝑠+3)2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+6𝑠+9−4)2 }
+6𝑠+5)2
(𝑠+3)2
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+3)2 }
−4)2
𝑠2
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
−4)2
𝑠2
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
−4)2
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) = AR
𝑠 2 −4 𝑠 2 −4

S.E/Paper Solutions 28 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 −4 𝑠 −4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑢. cosh(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
−4)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑢. cosh(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + cosh(4𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sinh(4𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + ]
2 4 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡 sinh(−2𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + −0− ]
2 4 4
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + ]
2 2
[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡+2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡]
=
4
Thus,
(𝑠+3)2 𝑠2 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 −4)2} = [2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡]
+6𝑠+5)2 4

(𝑠+3)2
16. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
+6𝑠+18)2
[N22/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
(𝑠+3)2 (𝑠+3)2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+6𝑠+9−9+18)2 }
+6𝑠+18)2
(𝑠+3)2
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+3)2 }
+9)2
𝑠2
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+9)2
𝑠2
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+9)2
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +9
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +9 𝑠 +9
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+9)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢. cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 AR
2

S.E/Paper Solutions 29 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 + 3𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑢 − 3𝑡 + 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + cos(6𝑢 − 3𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sin(6𝑢−3𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + ]
2 6 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 sin(−3𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + −0− ]
2 6 6
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + ]
2 3
Thus,
(𝑠+3)2 𝑠2 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+9)2} = [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + ]
+6𝑠+18)2 2 3

(𝑠+5)2
17. Find by convolution theorem Inverse L.T. of:(𝑠2
+10𝑠+16)2
[N19/IT/6M]
Solution:
(𝑠+5)2 (𝑠+5)2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+10𝑠+25−9)2}
+10𝑠+16)2
(𝑠+5)2
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+5)2 }
−9)2
𝑠2
= 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
−9)2
𝑠2
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
−9)2
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 −9 𝑠 2 −9
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿 { 2 },
−1
𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 −9 𝑠 −9
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠2 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑢. cosh(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
−9)2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑢. cosh(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(3𝑢 + 3𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(3𝑢 − 3𝑡 + 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + cosh(6𝑢 − 3𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 sinh(6𝑢−3𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + ]
2 6 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡 sinh(−3𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + −0− ]
2 6 6
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡
= [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + ]
2 3
Thus,
(𝑠+5)2 𝑠2 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2−9)2 } = [𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + ] AR
+10𝑠+16)2 2 3

S.E/Paper Solutions 30 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠
18. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
+𝑎2 )2
[M19/Extc/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠 2 +𝑎2
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+𝑎2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎(𝑡 − 𝑢)
𝑎
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+𝑎2 )2 𝑎
1 𝑡
= ∫ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢. cos(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + sin(2𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 cos(2𝑎𝑢−𝑎𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 − ]
2𝑎 2𝑎 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 cos(−𝑎𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 − −0+ ]
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
1
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡]
2𝑎

𝑠
19. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: (𝑠2
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 )
[N16/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+𝑎2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +𝑏2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡
𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑢)
𝑎
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(𝑏𝑡 − 𝑏𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 ) 𝑎
1 𝑡
= ∫ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢. cos(𝑏𝑡 − 𝑏𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑢 + 𝑏𝑡 − 𝑏𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑢 − 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑏𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑢−𝑏𝑢+𝑏𝑡) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑢+𝑏𝑢−𝑏𝑡) 𝑡
= [− − ]
2𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 0
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 31 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡
= [− − + + ]
2𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
1 −2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡
= [ + ]
2𝑎 𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
=
𝑎2 −𝑏2

𝑠
20. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
+9)2
[N17/Elex/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +9 𝑠 2 +9
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+9}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +9
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3(𝑡 − 𝑢)
3
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+9)2 3
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢. cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑢 + 3𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑢 − 3𝑡 + 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + sin(6𝑢 − 3𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 cos(6𝑢−3𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − ]
6 6 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 cos(−3𝑡) 1
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − −0+ ] = [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
6 6 6 6

𝑠
21. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: 4 2
𝑠 +8𝑠 +16
[M15/CompIT/6M][N17/M18/N18/Chem/8M][M18/Extc/6M]
[N18/MechCivil/6M][N18/Extc/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 +4)2}
𝑠 4 +8𝑠 2 +16
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +4
1 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿 −1
{𝑠2+4}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
2
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 32 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+4)2 2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
4
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
4
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + sin(4𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
4
1 cos(4𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − ]
4 4 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 cos(−2𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − −0+ ]
4 4 4
1
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
4

𝑠
22. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
+16)2
[M23/MechCivil/8M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +16 𝑠 2 +16
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+16}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +16
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
4
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4(𝑡 − 𝑢)
4
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(4𝑡 − 4𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+16)2 4
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢. cos(4𝑡 − 4𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑢 + 4𝑡 − 4𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑢 − 4𝑡 + 4𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 + sin(8𝑢 − 4𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 cos(8𝑢−4𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 − ]
8 8 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 cos(−4𝑡) 1
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 − −0+ ] = [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡]
8 8 8 8

𝑠
23. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:(𝑠2
−𝑎2 )2
[M15/MechCivil/6M][M17/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = 2 2
𝑠 −𝑎 𝑠 −𝑎
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 −1 {𝐺(𝑠)} 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2−𝑎2 }, 𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 −𝑎2
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑎
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 33 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎(𝑡 − 𝑢)
𝑎
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cosh(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
−𝑎2 )2 𝑎
1 𝑡
= ∫ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑢. cosh(𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(𝑎𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡 + sinh(2𝑎𝑢 − 𝑎𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎 0
1 cosh(2𝑎𝑢−𝑎𝑡) 𝑡
= [𝑢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡 + ]
2𝑎 2𝑎 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡 cosh(−𝑎𝑡)
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡 + −0− ]
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
1
= [𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡]
2𝑎
𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡
=
2𝑎

𝑠+2
24. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: (𝑠2
+4𝑠+5)2
𝑒 −2𝑡
Ans. 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
2
𝑠+2
25. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: (𝑠2
+4𝑠+8)2
𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
Ans. 𝑒 −2𝑡 .
4
𝑠
26. Using Convolution find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+4)(𝑠 2 +9)
[N17/Inst/6M][M18/Elect/6M][M19/Biom/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = 2
𝑠 +9 𝑠 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 −1 {𝐺(𝑠)} 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+9}, 𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
3
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+9)(𝑠 2 +4) 3
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 𝑡
= ∫0 sin(2𝑡 + 𝑢) + sin(5𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 cos(2𝑡+𝑢) cos(5𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [− − ] AR
6 1 5 0
S.E/Paper Solutions 34 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 cos(−2𝑡)
= [−𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
6 5 5
1 −6𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 6𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= [ + ]
6 5 5
1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
5

𝑠
27. Using Convolution find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+4)(𝑠 2 +16)
[M18/N18/Biom/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +16 𝑠 2 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+16}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
4
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
4
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+16)(𝑠 2 +4) 4
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 𝑡
= ∫0 sin(2𝑡 + 2𝑢) + sin(6𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 cos(2𝑡+2𝑢) cos(6𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [− − ]
8 2 6 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 cos(−2𝑡)
= [− − + + ]
8 2 6 2 6
1 −8𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= [ + ]
8 12 12
1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡]
12

𝑠
28. Using Convolution find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+9)(𝑠 2 +16)
[N22/Elect/6M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +16 𝑠 2 +9
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2+16}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +9
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
4
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3(𝑡 − 𝑢)
4
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 35 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+16)(𝑠 2 +9) 4
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢. cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑢 + 3𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑢 − 3𝑡 + 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 𝑡
= ∫0 sin(3𝑡 + 𝑢) + sin(7𝑢 − 3𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
8
1 cos(3𝑡+𝑢) cos(7𝑢−3𝑡) 𝑡
= [− − ]
8 1 7 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 cos(−3𝑡)
= [− − + + ]
8 1 7 1 7
1 −8𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 8𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
= [ + ]
8 7 7
1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡]
7

𝑠
29. Using Convolution find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 ]
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)
[M16/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/6M][M17/MechCivil/6M][N17/MTRX/6M]
[M22/Extc/5M][M22/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = 2
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 −1 {𝐺(𝑠)} 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { 2 }, 𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 sin(2𝑡 − 𝑢) + sin(3𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 cos(2𝑡−𝑢) cos(3𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [− − ]
2 −1 3 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 3 3
1 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= [ − ]
2 3 3
1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
3

30. Using Convolution theorem, find the inverse Laplace transform of

𝑠+1
𝜙(𝑠) = (𝑠2 2
+2𝑠+2)(𝑠 +2𝑠+5)
[M23/Extc/8M]
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 36 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
Solution:
We have,
𝑠+1 𝑠+1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+2𝑠+1+1)(𝑠2+2𝑠+1+4)}
+2𝑠+2)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+5)
𝑠+1
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+1)2 }
+1)((𝑠+1)2 +4)
𝑠
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +4
1 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +1 𝑠 +4
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+1)(𝑠 2 +4)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢. cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 sin(2𝑡 − 𝑢) + sin(3𝑢 − 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 cos(2𝑡−𝑢) cos(3𝑢−2𝑡) 𝑡
= [− − ]
2 −1 3 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + ]
2 3 3
1 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= [ − ]
2 3 3
1
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
3
−1 𝑠+1 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
Thus, 𝐿 {(𝑠2 +2𝑠+2)(𝑠2+2𝑠+5)} = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+1)(𝑠2+4)} = 𝑒 −𝑡 [ 3
]

31. Find the inverse Laplace Transform by using convolution theorem

1
(𝑠 2 +𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 )
[M18/Comp/6M]
Solution:
1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 )
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) =
𝑎 𝑏
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢 sin 𝑏(𝑡−𝑢)
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) =
𝑎 b
By convolution theorem, AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 37 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢 sin(𝑏𝑡−𝑏𝑢)
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . 𝑑𝑢
+𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 +𝑏2 ) 𝑎 𝑏
1 𝑡
= ∫ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢 sin(𝑏𝑡 − 𝑏𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎𝑏 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ cos(𝑎𝑢 − 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑏𝑢) − cos(𝑎𝑢 + 𝑏𝑡 − 𝑏𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2𝑎𝑏 0
1 sin(𝑎𝑢−𝑏𝑡+𝑏𝑢) sin(𝑎𝑢+𝑏𝑡−𝑏𝑢) 𝑡
= [ − ]
2𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 sin(−𝑏𝑡) sin(𝑏𝑡)
= [ − − + ]
2𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
1 −2𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 2𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
= [ + ]
2𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑎2 −𝑏2
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
= [ − ]
𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑏 𝑎

32. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem

𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3
(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+5)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
[N13/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+2𝑠+1+4)(𝑠2+2𝑠+1+1)}
+2𝑠+5)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
(𝑠+1)2 +2
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+1)2 }
+4)((𝑠+1)2 +1)
𝑠 2 +2
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)(𝑠 2 +1)
𝑠2 2
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 + (𝑠2 }
+4)(𝑠 2 +1) +4)(𝑠 2 +1)
𝑠2
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)(𝑠 2 +1)
𝑠 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +1
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = cos(𝑡 − 𝑢)
2
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+4)(𝑠 2 +1)
2 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +1
2 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = sin(𝑡 − 𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+3 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝑢) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
+2𝑠+5)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 38 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫0 cos[2𝑢 − (𝑡 − 𝑢)] 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫0 cos(3𝑢 − 𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
sin(3𝑢−𝑡) 𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 [ ]
3 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 sin(−𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 [ − ] = [𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
3 3 3

33. Find the inverse Laplace Transform by using convolution theorem

1
(𝑠 2 +9)(𝑠 2 +4)
[M18/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+9)(𝑠 2 +4)
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +4
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) =
3 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin 2(𝑡−𝑢)
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) =
3 2
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin(2𝑡−2𝑢)
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . 𝑑𝑢
+9)(𝑠 2 +4) 3 2
1 𝑡
= ∫ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin(2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
12 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ cos(3𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢) − cos(3𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
12 0
1 sin(5𝑢−2𝑡) sin(𝑢+2𝑡) 𝑡
= [ − ]
12 5 1 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 sin(−2𝑡)
= [ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
12 5 5
1 −4𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 6𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [ + ]
12 5 5
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
= [ − ]
5 2 3

34. Find the inverse Laplace Transform by using convolution theorem

1
(𝑠 2 +9)(𝑠 2 +1)
[M19/Comp/6M]
Solution:
1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+9)(𝑠 2 +1)
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +1
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { } AR
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +1

S.E/Paper Solutions 39 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = sin(𝑡 − 𝑢)
3
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . sin(𝑡 − 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
+9)(𝑠 2 +4) 3
1 𝑡
= ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin(𝑡 − 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 𝑡
= ∫0 cos(3𝑢 − 𝑡 + 𝑢) − cos(3𝑢 + 𝑡 − 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
6
1 sin(4𝑢−𝑡) sin(2𝑢+𝑡) 𝑡
= [ − ]
6 4 2 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 sin(−𝑡) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= [ − − + ]
6 4 2 4 2
1 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 6𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [ + ]
6 8 8
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − ]
8 3

1
35. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: (𝑠2
+4𝑠+13)2
[N13/MechCivil/6M][M18/Elex/6M][M19/Elex/6M][N19/Chem/6M]
Solution:
1 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+4𝑠+4+9)2 }
+4𝑠+13)2
1
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+2)2 }
+9)2
1
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+9)2
1
Now, consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }
+9)2
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +9
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +9
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) =
3 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin 3(𝑡−𝑢)
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) =
3 3
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin(3𝑡−3𝑢)
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 . 𝑑𝑢
+9)2 3 3
1 1 𝑡
= . ∫0 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 sin(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
9 2
1 𝑡
= ∫ cos(3𝑢 − 3𝑡 + 3𝑢) − cos(3𝑢 + 3𝑡 − 3𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
18 0
1 𝑡
= ∫ cos(6𝑢 − 3𝑡) − cos(3𝑡) 𝑑𝑢
18 0
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 40 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 sin(6𝑢−3𝑡) 𝑡
= [ − 𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
18 6 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 sin(−3𝑡)
= [ − 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − + 0]
18 6 6
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
= [ − 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
18 3
1 1 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 }=𝑒 −2𝑡 −1
𝐿 {(𝑠2+9)2} = [ − 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
+4𝑠+13)2 18 3

1
36. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem:
𝑠 2 (𝑠+1)2
[N14/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = (𝑠+1)2
𝑠
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 }
𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑡 − 𝑢, 𝑔(𝑢) = 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 (𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑒 −𝑢 . 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 (𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢2 )𝑒 −𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 (𝑠+1)2
𝑒 −𝑢 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑡
= [(𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢2 ) ( ) − (𝑡 − 2𝑢) ( ) + (−2) ( −1 )]
−1 1 0
−𝑡 −𝑡
= 𝑡𝑒 + 2𝑒 +𝑡−2

1
37. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms using convolution theorem: (𝑠−𝑎)(𝑠+𝑎)2
[N17/Comp/6M][N19/Extc/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠+𝑎)2, 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠−𝑎
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+𝑎)2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠−𝑎
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 𝑎(𝑡−𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+𝑎)2(𝑠−𝑎)} = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 . 𝑢. 𝑒 𝑎𝑡−𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
= 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ∫0 𝑢𝑒 −2𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
𝑒 −2𝑎𝑢 𝑒 −2𝑎𝑢
= 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 [𝑢 ( ) − (1) ( )]
−2𝑎 4𝑎2 0
𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑎𝑡 𝑒0
=𝑒 [− − −0+ ]
2𝑎 4𝑎2 4𝑎2
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 41 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑒 −2𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
= 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 [ 2
− − ]
4𝑎 4𝑎2 2𝑎

1
38. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms by convolution theorem: (𝑠−4)4(𝑠+3)
[N13/Biot/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠−4)4, 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+3
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 −1 {𝐺(𝑠)} 1
𝐿 =𝐿 {(𝑠−4)4 }, 𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠+3
𝑡3
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 4𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡
3!
𝑒 4𝑢 𝑢3
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 −3(𝑡−𝑢)
6
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑒 4𝑢 𝑢3
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−4)4(𝑠+3)} = ∫0 . 𝑒 −3𝑡+3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
6
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 3 7𝑢
= ∫0 𝑢 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
6
𝑡
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑒 7𝑢 𝑒 7𝑢 𝑒 7𝑢 𝑒 7𝑢
= [𝑢3 ( ) − (3𝑢2 ) ( ) + (6𝑢) ( ) − 6( )]
6 7 49 343 2401 0
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 3 𝑒 7𝑡 3𝑡 2 𝑒 7𝑡 6𝑡𝑒 7𝑡 6𝑒 7𝑡 6
= [ − + − + ]
6 7 49 343 2401 2401

1
39. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: by convolution theorem
𝑠 2 (𝑠+𝑎)2
[N16/ChemBiot/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = (𝑠+𝑎)2
𝑠
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+𝑎)2 }
𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑡
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑡 − 𝑢, 𝑔(𝑢) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 (𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 . 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 (𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢2 )𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 (𝑠+𝑎)2
𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑡
= [(𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢2 ) ( ) − (𝑡 − 2𝑢) ( ) + (−2) ( −𝑎3 )]
−𝑎 𝑎2 0
𝑡𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 2𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 2
= + + −
𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑎3

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 42 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1
40. Using Convolution Theorem, find the inverse Laplace transform of 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 (𝑠+5)2
[M19/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) = (𝑠+5)2
𝑠
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+5)2 }
𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑡
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑡 − 𝑢, 𝑔(𝑢) = 𝑒 −5𝑢 𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 (𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑒 −5𝑢 . 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 (𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢2 )𝑒 −5𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 (𝑠+5)2
𝑡
𝑒 −5𝑢 𝑒 −5𝑢 𝑒 −5𝑢
= [(𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢2 ) ( ) − (𝑡 − 2𝑢) ( ) + (−2) (−125)]
−5 25 0
𝑒 −5𝑡 2𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑒0 2𝑒 0
= 0+𝑡( )+ − 0 + (𝑡) ( ) −
25 125 25 125
𝑒 −5𝑡 .5𝑡+2𝑒 −5𝑡 +5𝑡−2
=
125

1
41. Using Convolution find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠−2)4 (𝑠+3)
[M14/ChemBiot/4M][N14/ChemBiot/7M][N15/CompIT/6M][M16/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠−2)4, 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+3
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)4 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠+3
𝑡3
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡
3!
𝑒 2𝑢 𝑢3
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 −3(𝑡−𝑢)
6
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑒 2𝑢 𝑢3
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)4(𝑠+3)} = ∫0 . 𝑒 −3𝑡+3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
6
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 3 5𝑢
= ∫0 𝑢 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
6
𝑡
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑒 5𝑢 𝑒 5𝑢 𝑒 5𝑢 𝑒 5𝑢
= [𝑢3 ( ) − (3𝑢2 ) ( ) + (6𝑢) ( ) − 6( )]
6 5 25 125 625 0
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 3 𝑒 5𝑡 3𝑡 2 𝑒 5𝑡 6𝑡𝑒 5𝑡 6𝑒 5𝑡 6
= [ − + − + ]
6 5 25 125 625 625

1
42. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠+4)2(𝑠−3) by convolution theorem
[N14/CompIT/6M][N17/IT/4M][M18/Biot/8M]
Solution: AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 43 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠+4)2, 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠−3
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠−3
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 3(𝑡−𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)2(𝑠−3)} = ∫0 𝑒 −4𝑢 . 𝑢. 𝑒 3𝑡−3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
= 𝑒 3𝑡 ∫0 𝑢𝑒 −7𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
𝑒 −7𝑢 𝑒 −7𝑢
= 𝑒 3𝑡 [𝑢 ( ) − (1) ( )]
−7 49 0
3𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑒0
= 𝑒 [− − −0+ ]
7 49 49
1 𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −7𝑡
= 𝑒 3𝑡 [ − − ]
49 49 7

1
43. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: (𝑠−4)2(𝑠+3) by convolution theorem
[N18/Comp/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠−4)2, 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+3
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−4)2 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠+3
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 4𝑡 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑒 4𝑢 𝑢, 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 −3(𝑡−𝑢)
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−4)2(𝑠+3)} = ∫0 𝑒 4𝑢 . 𝑢. 𝑒 −3𝑡+3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 ∫0 𝑢𝑒 7𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
𝑒 7𝑢 𝑒 7𝑢
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 [𝑢 ( ) − (1) ( 49 )]
7 0
𝑡𝑒 7𝑡 𝑒 7𝑡 𝑒0
−3𝑡
= 𝑒 [ − −0+ ]
7 49 49
1 𝑒 7𝑡 𝑡𝑒 7𝑡
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 [ − + ]
49 49 7

1
44. Find 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)3(𝑠+3)} using convolution theorem.
[N19/Comp/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠−2)3, 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+3 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 44 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)3 }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠+3
𝑡2
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡
2!
𝑒 2𝑢 𝑢2
𝑓(𝑢) = , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 −3(𝑡−𝑢)
2
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑒 2𝑢 𝑢2
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)3(𝑠+3)} = ∫0 . 𝑒 −3𝑡+3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 2 5𝑢
= ∫0 𝑢 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
2
𝑡
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑒 5𝑢 𝑒 5𝑢 𝑒 5𝑢
= [𝑢2 ( ) − (2𝑢) ( ) + (2) ( )]
2 5 25 125 0
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑒 5𝑡 2𝑡𝑒 5𝑡 2𝑒 5𝑡 2
= [ − + − ]
2 5 25 125 125

1
45. Find the inverse LT of using convolution theorem
𝑠(𝑠 2 +9)
[M18/N18/MTRX/4M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 𝑠 2 +9
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} 1 1
𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 𝑠 2 +9
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) =
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑢) =
3
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑢
𝑠(𝑠 2 +9) 3
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑢 𝑡
= [− ]
3 3 0
1
= [−𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠0]
9
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
=
9

1
46. Find the inverse LT of using convolution theorem
𝑠(𝑠 2 +4)
[M19/MTRX/4M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 𝑠 2 +4
1 1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 𝑠 2 +4
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 45 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) =
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑢) =
2
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑢
𝑠(𝑠 2 +4) 2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 𝑡
= [− ]
2 2 0
1
= [−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠0]
4
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
=
4

1
47. Find the inverse LT of using convolution theorem
𝑠(𝑠 2 +16)
[N19/MTRX/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 𝑠 2 +16
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} 1 1
𝐿 = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 𝑠 2 +16
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) =
4
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑢) =
4
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑢
𝑠(𝑠 2 +16) 4
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑢 𝑡
= [− ]
4 4 0
1
= [−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠0]
16
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
=
16

1
48. Using Convolution theorem, evaluate 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)(𝑠2 }
+4)
[M14/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/6M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠−1 𝑠 2 +4
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 1
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠−1}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = AR
2

S.E/Paper Solutions 46 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 𝑡−𝑢 , 𝑔(𝑢) =
2
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑒 𝑡−𝑢 . 𝑑𝑢
+4) 2
𝑒𝑡 𝑡
=
2
∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑒𝑡 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑡
= [ (−1𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)]
2 (−1)2 +2 2
0
𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒0
= [ (−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) − (−𝑠𝑖𝑛0 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠0)]
2 5 5
𝑒𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 2
= [− (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + ]
2 5 5
𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡+2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
= −
5 10

1
49. Find Inverse L.T. of:(𝑠+3)(𝑠2 by convolution theorem
+2𝑠+2)
[N13/Chem/7M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+3 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 1
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠+3}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+1
1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 }
+1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 𝑒 −3(𝑡−𝑢) , 𝑔(𝑢) = 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+3)(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑒 −3𝑡+3𝑢 . 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢
+2𝑠+2)
𝑡
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 2𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
𝑒 2𝑢
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 [ (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 − 1𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢)]
22 +1 0
𝑒 2𝑡 𝑒 0
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 [ (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) − (2𝑠𝑖𝑛0 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0)]
5 5
𝑒 −3𝑡
= [𝑒 2𝑡 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) + 1]
5

𝑠 2 +𝑠
50. Find Inverse L.T. of:(𝑠2 by convolution theorem
+1)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
[N19/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 𝑠+1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠 +1 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 47 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 𝑠+1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1+1
𝑠+1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 }
+1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = cos(𝑡 − 𝑢), 𝑔(𝑢) = 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 +𝑠 𝑡
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = ∫0 cos(𝑡 − 𝑢) . 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝑑𝑢
+1)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2)
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 2 cos(𝑡 − 𝑢) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 [cos(𝑡 − 𝑢 + 𝑢) + cos(𝑡 − 𝑢 − 𝑢)] 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑡
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑢 cos(𝑡 − 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑡
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡. + (−1. cos(𝑡 − 2𝑢) + (−2) sin(𝑡 − 2𝑢))]
2 −1 (−1)2 +(−2) 2
0
1 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) 𝑒 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑒 0 (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)
= [ + − − ]
2 −1 5 −1 5
1
= [𝑒 −𝑡 (−5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
10
1
= [𝑒 −𝑡 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) + (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)]
10

51. Using convolution theorem, find the inverse Laplace transform of

𝑠+29
𝑓(𝑠) = 2
(𝑠+4)(𝑠 +9)
[N22/Chem/6M]
Solution:
𝑠+29 𝑠 29
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)(𝑠2 +9) + (𝑠+4)(𝑠2+9)}
+9)
𝑠
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)(𝑠2 }
+9)
1 𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+4 𝑠 2 +9
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1 𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { 2 }
𝑠+4 𝑠 +9
−4𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑒 −4𝑢 , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) = cos 3(𝑡 − 𝑢)
29
Consider, 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)(𝑠2 }
+9)
29 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠+4 𝑠 2 +9
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 29 1
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠+4}, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 +9
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 29𝑒 −4𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) =
3
sin3(𝑡−𝑢)
𝑓(𝑢) = 29𝑒 −4𝑢 , 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢) =
3
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 48 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠+29 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑡−3𝑢)
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+4)(𝑠2 } = ∫0 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 29𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑑𝑢
+9) 3
𝑡
𝑒 −4𝑢 29𝑒 −4𝑢
= [(−4)2 (−4. cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) − 3. sin(3𝑡 − 3𝑢)) + (−4. sin(3𝑡 − 3𝑢) + 3. cos(3𝑡 − 3𝑢))]
+(−3)2 3[(−4)2 +(−3)2 ] 0
𝑒 −4𝑡 29𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑒0 29𝑒 0
=[ (−4𝑐𝑜𝑠0 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛0) + (−4𝑠𝑖𝑛0 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠0) − (−4𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡) − (−4𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡)]
25 75 25 75
4𝑒 −4𝑡 87𝑒 −4𝑡 4𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡+3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 −116𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡+87𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
=− + + −
25 75 25 75
−4𝑡 4 87 4 87 3 116
=𝑒 (− 25 + 75) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 (25 − 75) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 (25 + )
75
5
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 (1) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡(−1) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 ( )
3
5
= 𝑒 −4𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
3

Type V: Use of Differentiation

𝑠+𝑎
1. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [ ]
𝑠+𝑏
[N19/Chem/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+𝑎
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 + 𝑎) − log(𝑠 + 𝑏)}
𝑠+𝑏
−1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 { − }
𝑡 𝑠+𝑎 𝑠+𝑏
−1
= [𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 ]
𝑡
𝑒 −𝑏𝑡−𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
=
𝑡

𝑎2
2. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [1 + 2 ]
𝑠
[N17/IT/4M][M18/N18/Biom/4M][J23/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝐿−1 {log (1 + )} = 𝐿−1 {log ( 𝑠2 )}
𝑠2
= 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠}
1 2𝑠 2
= − 𝐿−1 { 2 2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠
1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 2]
𝑡
2
= [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 +4
3. Find Inverse L.T. of log ( 2 )
𝑠 +9
[N13/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +4
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 4) − log(𝑠 2 + 9)} AR
𝑠 2 +9

S.E/Paper Solutions 49 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠 2 +9
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠 2 +9
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
𝑡
2(𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)
=
𝑡

𝑠 2 −1 2
4. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [ ] Ans. (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡)
𝑠2 𝑡
𝑠 2 +𝑎2
5. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of:log ( )
√𝑠+𝑏
[N13/CompIT/3M][N14/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M][M17/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
[M22/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔√𝑠 + 𝑏}
√𝑠+𝑏
1
= 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log(𝑠 + 𝑏)}
2
1 1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { 2 2 × 2𝑠 − . }
𝑡 𝑠 +𝑎 2 𝑠+𝑏
1 −1 2𝑠 1
=− 𝐿 {𝑠2+𝑎2 − 2(𝑠+𝑏)}
𝑡
1 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − ]
𝑡 2
1 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
= [ − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡 2

6. Find 𝐿−1 {log[(𝑠 2 − 4)(𝑠 2 − 9)]}

[M23/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
𝐿−1 {log((𝑠 2 − 4)(𝑠 2 − 9))} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 − 4) + log(𝑠 2 − 9)}
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 + × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 −4 𝑠 2 −9
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 + }
𝑡 𝑠 −4 𝑠 2 −9
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡]
𝑡
2
= − (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡)
𝑡

4
7. Find 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 4 + 4)} Ans. − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡
𝑡
8. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 2 tanh−1 𝑠
[N14/MechCivil/4M][M18/IT/4M][M18/Elex/3M]
Solution:
1 1+𝑠
𝐿−1 {2 tanh−1 𝑠} = 𝐿−1 {2. log ( )}
2 1−𝑠
= 𝐿−1 {log(1 + 𝑠) − log(1 − 𝑠)}
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 50 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { − × −1}
𝑡 1+𝑠 1−𝑠
1
= − [𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 ]
𝑡
𝑒 𝑡−𝑒 −𝑡
=
𝑡
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
𝑡

1 𝑠+3 𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑢 −𝑒 −3𝑢

9. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( ) Ans. ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠+2 𝑢
𝑠+1
10. Find 𝐿−1 {𝑠 log ( )}
𝑠−1
[M22/Extc/5M]
𝑠+1
𝐿−1 {𝑠 log ( )}
𝑠−1
−1 {𝑠[log(𝑠
=𝐿 + 1) − log(𝑠 − 1)]}
1 −1 1 1
= − 𝐿 {𝑠 (
𝑡
− ) + [log(𝑠 + 1) − log(𝑠 − 1)](1)}
𝑠+1 𝑠−1
1 −1 𝑠−1−𝑠−1
= − 𝐿 {𝑠 ( ) + log(𝑠 + 1) − log(𝑠 − 1)}
𝑡 𝑠 2 −12
1 −1 2𝑠
= − 𝐿 {− 𝑠2−1 + log(𝑠 + 1) − log(𝑠 − 1)}
𝑡
1 1 1 1 1
= − [−2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 − 𝐿−1 { } + 𝑡 𝐿−1 {𝑠−1}]
𝑡 𝑡 𝑠+1
2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 1 −𝑡 1
= + .𝑒 − . 𝑒𝑡
𝑡 𝑡2 𝑡2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 −𝑒 −𝑡
= −
𝑡 𝑡2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
= −
𝑡 𝑡2

𝑠+1
11. Find 𝐿−1 {log ( )}
𝑠−1
[N16/CompIT/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+1
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 + 1) − log(𝑠 − 1)}
𝑠−1
−1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 { − }
𝑡 𝑠+1 𝑠−1
−1
= [𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 ]
𝑡
𝑒 𝑡−𝑒 −𝑡
=
𝑡
2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
=
𝑡

𝑠 2 +1
12. Find 𝐿−1 [log ( )]
𝑠(𝑠+1)
[M16/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +1
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 1) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 − log(𝑠 + 1)} AR
𝑠(𝑠+1)

S.E/Paper Solutions 51 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 2𝑠 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { − − }
𝑡 𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 𝑠+1
1 −𝑡 ]
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 1 − 𝑒
𝑡
[1+𝑒 −𝑡 −2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
=
𝑡

𝑠−2 𝑒 3𝑡 −𝑒 2𝑡
13. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [ ] Ans.
𝑠−3 𝑡
𝑠+3
14. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [ ]
𝑠+5
[N18/IT/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+3
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 + 3) − log(𝑠 + 5)}
𝑠+5
−1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 { − }
𝑡 𝑠+3 𝑠+5
−1
= [𝑒 −3𝑡 − 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
𝑡
𝑒 −5𝑡 −𝑒 −3𝑡
=
𝑡

1 2(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)
15. Find 𝐿−1 {log [1 + 2 ]} Ans.
𝑠 𝑡
−1 4
16. Find 𝐿 {log [1 + 2 ]}
𝑠
[M23DSE/CompIT/3M]
Solution:
4 𝑠 2 +4
𝐿−1 {log (1 + 2)} = 𝐿−1 {log ( 2 )}
𝑠 𝑠
= 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 4) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠}
1 2𝑠 2
= − 𝐿−1 { 2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠
1
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 2]
𝑡
2
= [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 +𝑏2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
17. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log (√ ) Ans.
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑡

𝑠+𝑎
18. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log (√ )
𝑠+𝑏

[M23DSE/Extc/4M]
Solution:
𝑠+𝑎 1 𝑠+𝑎
𝐿−1 {log (√ )} = 𝐿−1 {2 log (𝑠+𝑏)}
𝑠+𝑏
1
= 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 + 𝑎) − log(𝑠 + 𝑏)}
2
1 −1 −1 1 1
= × 𝐿 { − } AR
2 𝑡 𝑠+𝑎 𝑠+𝑏

S.E/Paper Solutions 52 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
−1
= [𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 ]
2𝑡
𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 −𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
=
2𝑡

𝑠 2 +𝑎2
19. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log (√ )
𝑠2

[M23/Extc/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 1 𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝐿−1 {log (√ )} = 𝐿−1 {2 log ( )}
𝑠2 𝑠2
1
= 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log 𝑠 2 }
2
1
= 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠}
2
1 1 2𝑠 2
= × − 𝐿−1 { 2 2 − }
2 𝑡 𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠
1
=− [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 2]
2𝑡
1
= [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 +𝑎2
20. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( 2 2 )
𝑠 +𝑏
[N15/ChemBiot/4M][M18/Biot/6M][M19/Elex/3M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − log(𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2 )}
𝑠 2 +𝑏2
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡]
𝑡
2(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡)
=
𝑡

𝑠 2 +64
21. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( 2 )
𝑠 +16
[N17/Elect/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +64
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 64) − log(𝑠 2 + 16)}
𝑠 2 +16
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +64 𝑠 2 +16
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +64 𝑠 2 +16
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡]
𝑡
2(𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑡)
= AR
𝑡

S.E/Paper Solutions 53 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 2 +81
22. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( 2 )
𝑠 +36
[N17/Biom/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +81
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 81) − log(𝑠 2 + 36)}
𝑠 2 +36
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +81 𝑠 2 +36
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +81 𝑠 2 +36
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡]
𝑡
2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 +16
23. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( 2 )
𝑠 +81
[M19/Inst/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +16
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 16) − log(𝑠 2 + 81)}
𝑠 2 +81
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +16 𝑠 2 +81
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +16 𝑠 2 +81
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑡]
𝑡
2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡]
𝑡

1+𝑠 2
24. Find inverse LT of log ( 2 )
4+𝑠
[N19/Elex/3M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +1
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 1) − log(𝑠 2 + 4)}
𝑠 2 +4
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +4
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠 2 +4
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
𝑡
2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 −4
25. Find inverse LT of log ( 2 )
𝑠 +121
[N18/Inst/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 −4
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 − 4) − log(𝑠 2 + 121)}
𝑠 2 +121
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 54 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − × 2𝑠}
𝑡 𝑠 2 −4 𝑠 2 +121
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 −4 𝑠 2 +121
2
= − [𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠11𝑡]
𝑡
2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠11𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 +4
26. Find Inverse Laplace Transform of: log ( )
𝑠+4
[N18/Extc/4M][J23/Extc/3M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +4
𝐿−1 {log ( )} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 4) − log(𝑠 + 4)}
𝑠+4
1 1 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × 2𝑠 − }
𝑡 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠+4
1 −1 2𝑠 1
= − 𝐿 {2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +4 𝑠+4
1 −4𝑡 ]
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑒
𝑡
2
= [𝑒 −4𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
𝑡

𝑠 2 +𝑎2
27. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [(𝑠+𝑏)2 ]
[N18/Elect/4M][M19/Elect/4M][M23DSE/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +𝑎2
𝐿−1 {log [(𝑠+𝑏)2]} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 log(𝑠 + 𝑏)}
1 2𝑠 2
= − 𝐿−1 { − }
𝑡 𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠+𝑏
1 −𝑏𝑡 ]
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑒
𝑡
2
= (𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝑡

𝑠 2 +4
28. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log [(𝑠+2)2]
[N22/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +4
𝐿−1 {log [(𝑠+2)2]} = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 4) − 2 log(𝑠 + 2)}
1 2𝑠 2
= − 𝐿−1 { − }
𝑡 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠+2
1 −2𝑡 ]
= − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 2𝑒
𝑡
2
= (𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)
𝑡

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 55 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 𝑠+2 𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑢 −𝑒 −2𝑢
29. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( ) Ans. ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠+3 𝑢
1 1+𝑠
30. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( )
𝑠 𝑠2
𝑡 2−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢
Ans. ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
1 1
31. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log (1 + 2 )
𝑠 𝑠
[N13/Biot/4M][N16/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) = log (1 + 2 )
𝑠 𝑠
1 𝑠 2 +1
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {log ( 2 )}
𝑠 𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {log(𝑠 2 + 1) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠}
1 2𝑠 2
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = − 𝐿−1 { 2 − }
𝑡 𝑠 +1 𝑠
1
𝑔(𝑡) = − [2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2]
𝑡
2
𝑔(𝑡) = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
𝑡
2
𝑔(𝑢) = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢]
𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 1 𝑡 2
𝐿−1 { log (1 + 2 )} = ∫0 1. [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢]𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠 𝑢
𝑡 2(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢)
= ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑢

1 𝑠 2 +𝑎2
32. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( )
𝑠 𝑠 2 +𝑏2
𝑡2
Ans. ∫0 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑢] 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
1 𝑠+1 𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑢 −𝑒 −𝑢
33. Using Convolution Theorem, prove that 𝐿−1 [ log ( )] = ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠+2 𝑢
1 𝑠+2
34. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: log ( )
𝑠 𝑠+1
[M18/Elect/4M][M18/Inst/4M]
Solution:
1 𝑠+2
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) = log ( )
𝑠 𝑠+1
1 𝑠+2
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿 {log ( )}
−1
𝑠 𝑠+1
−1 {log(𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿 + 2) − log(𝑠 + 1)}
1 −1 1 1
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = − 𝐿 { − }
𝑡 𝑠+2 𝑠+1
1
𝑔(𝑡) = − [𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]
𝑡
𝑒 −𝑡 −𝑒 −2𝑡
𝑔(𝑡) =
𝑡
𝑒 −𝑢 −𝑒 −2𝑢
𝑔(𝑢) = AR
𝑢
S.E/Paper Solutions 56 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 1 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑢 −𝑒 −2𝑢
𝐿−1 { log (1 + 2 )} = ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠 𝑢
𝑡 𝑒 −𝑢 −𝑒 −2𝑢
= ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑢

1
35. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: tanh−1 𝑠
𝑠
[M14/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M]
Solution:
1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) = tanh−1 𝑠
𝑠
−1 { 1
𝐿 𝐹 (𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺 (𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {tanh−1 𝑠}
𝑠
1 1+𝑠
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 { log ( )}
2 1−𝑠
1 −1
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿 {log(1 + 𝑠) − log(1 − 𝑠)}
2
1 −1 1 1
𝑔(𝑡) = − 𝐿 {1+𝑠 − 1−𝑠 × −1}
2𝑡
1
𝑔(𝑡) = − [𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 ]
2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
𝑔(𝑡) =
𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢
𝑔(𝑢) =
𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢
𝐿−1 { tanh−1 𝑠} = ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑢 𝑢

𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
36. Show that 𝐿−1 {tan−1 } =
𝑠 𝑡
[M16/CompIT/4M][N19/Inst/4M]
Solution:
𝑎 1 1 𝑎
𝐿−1 {tan−1 } = − 𝐿−1 { 𝑎2
× − 2}
𝑠 𝑡 1+ 2 𝑠
𝑠
𝑎 𝑠2 1
= 𝐿−1 { × 2}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠
𝑎 −1 1
= 𝐿 { 2 2}
𝑡 𝑠 +𝑎
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
= [ ]
𝑡 𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
=
𝑡

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 57 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠+𝑎
37. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: tan−1 [ ]
𝑏
[N15/MechCivil/3M][N16/ChemBiot/4M][N18/Elex/4M][N19/Extc/4M]
[M23/CompIT/5M]
Solution:
𝑠+𝑎 𝑠
𝐿−1 {tan−1 ( )} = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝐿−1 {tan−1 (𝑏)}
𝑏
1 1 1
= 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 . − 𝐿−1 { 𝑠 2
× }
𝑡 1+( ) 𝑏
𝑏
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 −1 𝑏2 1
=− 𝐿 { 2 2× }
𝑡 𝑏 +𝑠 𝑏
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 −1 𝑏
= − 𝐿 { 2 2}
𝑡 𝑠 +𝑏
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
=−
𝑡

2
38. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: tan−1 2
𝑠
[N14/ChemBiot/6M][N15/CompIT/6M][M19/IT/6M][M22/Chem/5M]
Solution:
2 1 1 2
𝐿−1 {tan−1 2} = − 𝐿−1 { 2 2
× 2. (− 3)}
𝑠 𝑡 1+( 2 ) 𝑠
𝑠
4 𝑠4 1
= 𝐿−1 { × }
𝑡 𝑠 4 +4 𝑠3
4 −1 𝑠
= 𝐿 {4 }
𝑡 𝑠 +4
4 −1 𝑠
= 𝐿 {4 2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +4𝑠 +4−4𝑠 2
4 −1 𝑠
= 𝐿 {(𝑠2 2 }
𝑡 +2) −(2𝑠)2
1 −1 4𝑠
= 𝐿 {(𝑠2 }
𝑡 +2−2𝑠)(𝑠 2 +2+2𝑠)
1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 {2 − 2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +2−2𝑠 𝑠 +2+2𝑠
1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 {2 − 2 }
𝑡 𝑠 −2𝑠+1+1 𝑠 +2𝑠+1+1
1 −1 1 1
= 𝐿 {(𝑠−1)2 − (𝑠+1)2 }
𝑡 +1 +1
1 𝑡 −𝑡
= [𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡
1
= [𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑡
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
=
𝑡

1 2 𝑡1
39. Using Convolution Theorem, prove that 𝐿−1 [ tan−1 ] = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠 𝑢
[M19/Biom/3M]
Solution:
1 2 AR
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = , 𝐺(𝑠) = tan−1
𝑠 𝑠
S.E/Paper Solutions 58 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
1 2
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 { }, 𝐿−1 {𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {tan−1 }
𝑠 𝑠
1 1 2
𝑓(𝑡) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = − 𝐿−1 { 22
× − 2}
𝑡 1+ 2 𝑠
𝑠
2 𝑠2 1
𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢) = 1, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 { × 2}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠
2 −1 1
𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐿 {2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +4
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑔(𝑡) = [ ]
𝑡 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝑔(𝑢) =
𝑢
By convolution theorem,
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)} = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
𝐿−1 { tan−1 } = ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠 𝑢 𝑢

2
40. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: tan−1
𝑠
[N17/Elex/3M][N22/Chem/4M]
Solution:
2 1 1 2
𝐿−1 {tan−1 } = − 𝐿−1 { 22
× − 2}
𝑠 𝑡 1+ 2 𝑠
𝑠
2 𝑠2 1
= 𝐿−1 { × 2}
𝑡 𝑠 2 +4 𝑠
2 −1 1
= 𝐿 {2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +4
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= [ ]=
𝑡 2 𝑡

𝑠
41. Find the inverse Laplace transform of tan−1 ( )
2
[N19/Biot/4M][N22/Elect/4M]
Solution:
𝑠 1 1 1
𝐿−1 {tan−1 } = − 𝐿−1 { 𝑠2
× }
2 𝑡 1+ 2 2
2
1 4 1
= − 𝐿−1 { × }
𝑡 4+𝑠 2 2
2 −1 1
= − 𝐿 {2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +4
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
=− [ ]=−
𝑡 2 𝑡

42. Find inverse LT of tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)

[N17/Inst/4M]
Solution:
𝐿−1 {tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)} = 𝑒 −𝑡 . 𝐿−1 {tan−1 𝑠} AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 59 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
−1 −1 1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 . 𝐿 {2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +1
𝑒 −𝑡
=− [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡
𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
=−
𝑡

43. Find inverse Laplace transform of tan−1 𝑠

[M23DSE/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
−1 −1 1
𝐿−1 {tan−1 𝑠} = 𝐿 {2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +1
1
= − [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
=−
𝑡

44. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: cot −1 𝑠

[M17/MechCivil/4M]
Solution:
−1 −1 1
𝐿−1 {cot −1 𝑠} = 𝐿 {− 2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +1
1
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
=
𝑡

45. Find 𝐿−1 {cot −1 (2𝑠)}

[M23DSE/CompIT/3M]
Solution:
−1 −1 1
𝐿−1 {cot −1 (2𝑠)} = 𝐿 {− × 2}
𝑡 1+(2𝑠)2
2 −1 1
= 𝐿 { 2 }
𝑡 4𝑠 +1
2 1
= 𝐿−1 { 1 }
4𝑡 𝑠2+
4
1 1
sin( 𝑡)
2𝑡 2
= 1
2
𝑡
sin( )
2
=
𝑡

46. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: cot −1 (𝑠 + 1)

[N16/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M][M18/N18/MTRX/4M]
Solution:
𝐿−1 {cot −1 (𝑠 + 1)} = 𝑒 −𝑡 . 𝐿−1 {cot −1 𝑠}
−1 1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 . 𝐿−1 {− 2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +1 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 60 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑒 −𝑡
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
𝑡
𝑒 −𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
=
𝑡

𝑠+3
47. Find 𝐿−1 [cot −1 ( )]
2
[N15/ElexExtcElectBiomInst/4M][J23/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑠+3 𝑠
𝐿−1 {cot −1 ( )} = 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝐿−1 {cot −1 (2)}
2
1 1 1
= 𝑒 −3𝑡 . − 𝐿−1 {− 𝑠 2
× ( )}
𝑡 1+( ) 2
2
𝑒 −3𝑡 −1 4
= 𝐿 { 2}
2𝑡 4+𝑠
𝑒 −3𝑡 −1 2
= 𝐿 {2 }
𝑡 𝑠 +4
−3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
= 𝑒
𝑡

2 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
48. Find Inverse Laplace Transforms of: 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( 2 ) Ans. −
𝑠 𝑡
1 𝑎 𝑡1
49. Using Convolution Theorem, prove that 𝐿−1 [ tan−1 ] = ∫0 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠
𝑠 2 +5
50. Find Inverse Laplace Transform of (𝑠2
+4𝑠+13)2
[M14/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
𝑠 2 +5 𝑠 2 +5
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2+4𝑠+4+9)2 }
+4𝑠+13)2
𝑠 2 +5
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+2)2 }
+9)2
(𝑠+2−2)2 +5
= 𝐿−1 {((𝑠+2)2 2 }
+9)
2
−2𝑡 −1 (𝑠−2) +5
=𝑒 𝐿 { (𝑠2+9)2 }
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+9
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { (𝑠2 }
+9)2
1 4𝑠
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 { − (𝑠2 }
𝑠 2 +9 +9)2
Consider,
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝐿−1 { }=
𝑠 2 +9 3
1 −1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
− 𝐿 {− (𝑠2 2 × 2𝑠} =
𝑡 +9) 3
2 −1 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝐿 {(𝑠2 2} =
𝑡 +9) 3
−1 𝑠 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
∴ 𝐿 {(𝑠2 2} =
+9) 6
Thus, AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 61 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….…………….………….…..For Research in Education
𝑠 2 +5 1 4𝑠
𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 } = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 {𝑠2+9 − (𝑠2 +9)2}
+4𝑠+13)2
1 𝑠
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 [𝐿−1 { } − 4𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 +9)2}]
𝑠 2 +9
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
= 𝑒 −2𝑡 [ −4 ]
3 6
𝑒 −2𝑡
= (1 − 2𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
3

Out of Syllabus Question

𝑒 −3𝑠
1. Find inverse L.T. of 2
𝑠 −4𝑠+5
[N22/Elect/4M]
Solution:
1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 2
𝑠 −4𝑠+5
−1 {𝐹(𝑠)} −1 1
𝐿 =𝐿 {𝑠2−4𝑠+5}
1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 { }
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+4+1
1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠−2)2 }
+1
2𝑡 −1 1
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝐿 {2 }
𝑠 +1
2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 sin 𝑡
Thus,
1
𝐿−1 {𝑒 −3𝑠 } = 𝑒 2(𝑡−3) . sin(𝑡 − 3) 𝐻(𝑡 − 3)
𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 62 By: Kashif Shaikh