Science

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
Learning Module
in
GE -7 – SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, and SOCIETY
Technology
as a Way of Climate
Revealing Change
Science,
Technology Human
and Nation- Flourishing
building
Intellectual
Historical Revolutions
Antecedents
in the The Good
Course of Life
Science and
Technology The The Aspects
Information of Gene
Age Therapy
Biodiversity
and Health
Society
When
Technology
and
Humanity
Cross
Learning Module in GE – 7 – Science,
Technology, and Society
About this Module

The use of the Science Technology and Society ( STS ) teaching and
learning modules can provide a vehicle for enhancing students’ interest in
learning science. These modules can assist students in seeing the relevance
of their science learning in everyday life. It can help the students to
strengthen their interactions between science and technology and social,
cultural, political, and economic contexts which shape and are shaped by
them; specific examples throughout human history of scientific and
technological developments.
The course is designed to enable students to appreciate in broad

terms, the societal impact of developments in science and technology at the
global and national level. This includes a review of the history of science and
technology globally – from the prehistoric era all the way to today’s advances
in science and technology - and similarly in the Philippines, including
science policy. The historical survey, which is grounded on an
understanding of basic science concepts, will examine how these
developments have affected the course of human society: politically,
economically, and socially ( including culturally ).
The second part of the course focuses on current issues arising from
the application of science and technology, how such applications relate to
ethical and political decisions in both the public and private sector, and
their effects ( positive and negative ) on society and life in general . Example
of issues that can be taken up are:
Information Age
Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
Aspects of Gene Therapy
Climate Change
The course entails a variety of readings, group discussions, and research,

culminating in a presentation of findings regarding a particular issue.
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Table of Contents
Course Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
Course Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Course Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Chapter I: General Concepts in Science,

Lesson 1: Historical Antecedents in the Course of

Science and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.............. 08
Lesson 2: Intellectual Revolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................. 18
Lesson 3: Science, Technology, and Nation-building . . . .
........... 22
Chapter II Science, Technology, Society, and the

Human Condition.
Lesson 1: Human
Flourishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Lesson 2: Technology as a Way of Revealing . . . . . . . . . .
.............. 31
Lesson 3: The Good Life . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....................... 39
Lesson 4: When Technology and Humanity Cross . . . . . . . . . . .
...... 42
Chapter III Specific Issues in Science, Technology, and

Society
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Lesson 1: The Information

Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Lesson 2: Biodiversity and the Healthy Society . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 54
Lesson 3: The Aspects of Gene
Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Lesson 4: Climate
Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Course Description
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY ( STS ) – is a three unit course
which is essential in the General Education Curriculum for Tertiary
Education. It was conceptualized to develop deep appreciation and critical
understanding of the role of science and technology in the development of
people and the society. It deals with the interactions between science and
technology in social, cultural, political and economic contexts.
It enable the students to appreciate the social impact of developments in

science and technology at the national and global level. It includes the
review of the history of science and technology globally – from the
prehistoric era all the way to today’s advances in science and technology.
The course also focused on current issues that arises from the application of
science and technology, how it relates to ethical and political decisions in
both public and private sectors and the effects in the society, environment,
and life in general. Such common issues are: Information Age, Biodiversity
and the Healthy Society, Aspects of Gene Therapy, Climate Change.
The course includes a variety of readings, group discussions, research,

culminating presentation of findings regarding a specific issues.
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Course Outline
General Concepts in Science, Technology and Society
 Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology
Ancient Times
Medieval / Middle Ages
Modern Times
Philippine Inventions
 Intellectual Revolutions
Copernican Revolutions
Darwinian Revolutions
Freudian Revolution
 Science, Technology, and Nation – Building
Pre-Colonial Period
Colonial Period
Post-Colonial Period
Science, Technology and Society and the Human

Condition
 Human Flourishing
Science, Technology, and Human Flourishing
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Science as Method and Results

Science as a Social Endeavor
Science as Education
 Technology as a Way of Revealing
The Human Condition Before Common Era
The Human Condition in the Common Era
The Essence of Technology
Backtracking the Human Condition
 The Good Life
Happiness as the Goal of a Good Life
 When Technology and Humanity Cross
Television Sets, Mobile Phones, Computers, and
Humanity
Roles Played by These Technological Advancements
Ethical Dilemma Faced by These Technological
Advancements
Robotics and Humanity
Roles Played by Robotics
Ethical Dilemma/s Faced by Robotics
Specific Issues in Science, technology and Society

 The Information Age
History
Computer
Types of Computer
The World Wide Web
 Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Changes in Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Consequences of Biodiversity Loss
Nutritional Impact of Biodiversity
Environment-Related Illnesses
 Aspects of Gene Therapy
The Basic Process of Gene Therapy
Two Types of Gene Therapy
Stem Cell Gene Therapy
The Bioethics of Gene Therapy
 Climate Change
Causes of Climate Change
Effects of Climate Change on Society
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Course Outcomes
1. Knowledge
Review the history of science and technology globally – from the
prehistoric era up to the present.
Articulate the impacts of science and technology on society,
specifically Philippine society.
Explain how science and technology affect society and the
environment and its role in nation – building.
Analyze the human condition in order to deeply reflect and express
philosophical ramifications that are meaningful to the student as a
part of society.
Define and demonstrate the impact of social media on the students’
life and Philippine society in general.
2. Skills
Creatively present the importance and contributions of science and
technology to society.
Examine shared concerns that make up the good life in order to
come up with innovative and creative solutions to contemporary
issues guided by ethical standards.
Apply concepts of science and technology into current issues.
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Illustrate how the social media and information age impact their
lives and their understanding of climate change.
3. Values
Developing students’ capacities and confidence to make informed
decisions, and to take responsible action to address issues arising
from the impact of science on their daily lives.
Adopt scientific principles to address issues, concerns, and
problems that people face in the day-to-day aspects of living.
Imbibe the importance of science and technology in the
preservation of the environment and the development of the
Filipino nation.
Foster the value of a healthy lifestyle toward the holistic and
sustainable development of society and the environment.
UNIT 1- GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
( Week No. 1 – 3 )
LESSON TITLE – 1.1 – Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science
and Technology
Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students can:
1. Explain how science and technology affected the society and the
environment and vice versa.
2. Identify inventions and discoveries that changed the world over the
course of history.
3. Discuss the scientific and technological developments in the
Philippines.
Review
Short discussion on the relationships between Science , Technology and Society.
DEFINITION:
Science – Is an idea, an intellectual activity, a body of knowledge, and a personal and
social activity.
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Technology – is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions and

the extracting of materials.
Society – a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social
group sharing the same spatial territory subject to the same political authority and
dominant cultural expectations.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE – informs technological advancements; such as theories on physics,
electricity, etc to develop new technologies; but TECHNOLOGY - needs or demands
data from science.
TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY – makes our life easier; Example: the social media, the internet – all
have had significant influences in our society. We must be thankful to the
development of technological innovations; In opposite direction SOCIETY - can
benefit many things from technology. Society drives technological evolutions
through need.
SCIENCE & SOCIETY

SCIENCE - helps to solve the real world problems in the society; It improves our
understanding of society. It has significant impact on our belief systems, our norms, our
values, as well as our daily behaviours. SOCIETY – can influence science theories, and their
evolutions.
ACTIVITY 1.1 - 1
Directions: Identify the picture if it is modern or ancient, then describe or
tell something about it. Ask the students to share their insights about the
picture.
1. 2.
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3. 4.
Introduction
Science and Technology play major roles in the everyday life. They make
difficult and complicated tasks easier and allow people to do more with little
effort and time. The developments in this field are not just product of
people’s imagination or a one-time thought process; they are also brought
about by gradual improvements to earlier works from different time periods.
The driving force behind this continuous progress is the desire to raise the
quality of life of the people.
Content
ANCIENT TIMES:
In the ancient times, people were very much concerned with
transportation, navigation, communication, mass production, security and
protection, as well as health, engineering, aesthetics, and architecture.
In these, we can conclude that the development in science and
technology were the results of many prior antecedents that affect much the
lives of the people. Because of these necessities, people in ancient times
were able to discover and invent things that would impact to the lives of
modern people.
The different major technological advancements in ancient times,
which include some of the achievements of the early civilization such as
Sumerians, Babylonians and Egyptians that continue to describe the
gradual application of knowledge up to contemporary time.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
SUMERIANS – are the group of people who lived in southern Mesopotamia,
the place that is considered as the “ cradle of civilization”.
INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES

1. CUNEIFORM – the first writing system; It utilizes words,
pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay
that allows the Sumerians to keep records of things with
great historical value.
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2. DIKES/ IRRIGATION CANALS – to control floods and

maximize crop production.
3. WHEELS & PLOW – were invented to improve trade and

farming.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
BABYLON – was a key kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia. The city was built
on the Euphrates river and divided in equal parts along its left and right
banks, with steep embankments to contain the river’s seasonal floods. It
was originally a small Akkadian town dating from the period of the Akkadian
Empire. BABYLONIANS were great builders, engineers, and architects.
INVENTIONS / DISCOVERIES
HANGING GARDEN OF BABYLON - one of the seven

wonders of the ancient world.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT EGYPT – was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa,
concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River – geographically
Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the
countries of Egypt and Sudan. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed
prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC.
1. PAPER OR PAPYRUS – Egyptians were
able to process the plant papyrus in
order to produce thin sheets on which
one could write down things. Since
papyrus was lighter and thinner, so it
was easy to carry and store. This
invention was a major accomplishment
in Egyptian record-keeping and
communications.
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2. INK – they invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to

produce different colors. It was used to record history, culture, and codified
laws.
3. HIEROGLYPHICS – system of writing using symbols. It was the language

that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient
Egyptians.
4. COSMETICS & WIGS – Cosmetics was used for both health and aesthetic
reasons. Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye
diseases. They also believed that a person wearing make-up was protected
from evil and the beauty was a sign of holiness.
WIGS – were worn for health and wellness rather than aesthetic purposes. It
protects shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from harmful rays of the
sun.
ACTIVITY 1. 1 - 2
Research at least 3 contributions, inventions or discoveries during
Greek Civilization, Roman Civilizations, and Chinese Civilizations. Know
the functions and uses or the importance of their contributions. Present
your work for your output. (Content -15%, Creativity – 10%, Learning
impact – 5% ).
MEDIEVAL / MIDDLE AGES:

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted
from the 5th to 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman
Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
The start of the middle ages was marred by massive invasions and
migrations. Wars were prevalent during this time. Great technology was
needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm production
and health. The wars have resulted in population decline, but during the
later part of the period, there was a significant rise in population. Trade and
commerce among nations increased, which resulted in greater demands for
transportation technology. Some of the most innovative minds came from
this period.
1. PRINTING PRESS
 The PRINTING PRESS - was invented to address the need for
publishing books that would spread information to many
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people at a faster rate. This also made works accessible to

an individual who could not even write.
2. MICROSCOPE
 A device that is used to magnify things invisible to the naked
eye. It was the key in discovering new means in preventing
and curing various illnesses.
3. TELESCOPE
 An optical instrument that helps in the observation
of remote objects. It contributed a great help for
navigators. During this time, the compass, oars, and
rudders were also invented for easier and safer sea
travelling.
4. WAR WEAPONS
 Great development in the weaponry technology
occurred in the Middle ages due to the widespread
wars. They developed weaponries not only as offensive
tools but also as defensive instruments.
Cross bows and long bows were used in open area
battles and additional iron body armors for close-
range hand-to-hand combat.
MODERN TIMES:
The booming world population during the nineteenth century onwards
demanded that more goods be produced at a faster rate. People needed
efficient means of transportation to trade more goods and cover larger
distance. Machines that required animals to operate must be upgraded.
Faster and easier means to communicate and compute should be developed
to establish connections between and among nations. All these needs
resulted in the development of industries. However, due to the massive
industrialization, the modern times again faced more complicated problems.
Food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since
health was of great concern.
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1. PASTEURIZATION – a process of heating dairy products to kill the

harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. It also prevented
illnesses caused by harmful bacteria.
2. TELEPHONE
- Telephone is a telecommunications device that
permits two or more users to conduct a
conversation when they are too far apart to be
heard directly. It can connect people by trade and
explorations. Important decisions can be discussed
and addressed in a fastest time.
3. CALCULATOR
- Calculator a device used to perform calculations
ranging from basic arithmetic to a complex
mathematics in a fast and easy way.
PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS:
Despite being considered a developing country, the Philippines also
contributed to the global advancement of science and technology. It is quite
remarkable to note the ingenuity of the Filipinos despite the lack in
resources. The Philippine is known to be one of the most vulnerable
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countries in terms of natural disasters. Many of the discoveries and

inventions made by the Filipinos were therefore built from indigenous
materials or created to adapt to the harsh tropical environment.
1. SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE
- It is a three-wheeler vehicle that can be

driven on the road like a normal vehicle most
of the time, but that can also take to the water
when floods occur.
- 2. The development of EJEEPNEY is a major

innovation that changed the transportation
industry in the Philippines. This modern type of
transportation utilizes electricity instead of the
more expensive diesel. It is environment-friendly
since it does not emit any smoke and noise.
The items discussed in this chapter are only some of the great
inventions and developments during the different periods. There are
still more innovations and discoveries that were made in the course of
history that changed the world. Can you name some other great
discoveries and innovations??
Learning Task
ACTIVITY 1 .1 - 3
Reflections ( Do as Directed )
1. Give @ least three scientific and technological developments in the

Philippines that created a large impact on your daily life. ( include the
inventor )
2. What historical antecedents gave rise to the inventions you named in
the first question?
3. How did the developments in science and technology shape human
history?
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Summary /Generalization:
This lesson is about the importance of the inventions, discoveries,

applications and effects or the Role of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
in human activities during:
 ANCIENT TIMES – a term refer to the aggregate of past events

from the invention of the wheel, the spread of proto-writing and
recorded human history and extending as far as post-classical
history.
 MEDIEVAL TIMES “ Dark Ages “ - It was one of the most
turbulent and transformative periods in history. There was a
population decline, counter urbanization, collapse of centralized
authority, invasions and mass migrations of tribes. It was
popularised by the Black Death, Magna Carta and Hundred
Years’ War.
 MODERN TIMES – During this time, the European powers

began expanding their political, economic, and cultural
influences to the rest of the world. It has so many advances in
science, politics, warfare, technology and globalization.
 PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS – In this time the country, Philippines
also contributes to the global advancement of science and
technology. There are many discoveries and inventions made by
the Filipinos that was built from indigenous materials or created
to adapt the harsh tropical environment.
Evaluation
ACTIVITY 1 . 1 - 4
A. Fill in the blank with the correct answer, write it on the blank
provided before the number. ( 10 pts. )
__________ 1. A science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems

or invent useful tools.
__________ 2. A place which was called as a “Cradle of Civilization”, during

ancient period.
__________ 3. The language that tells the modern world of the history and
culture of the ancient Egyptians.
__________ 4. Sumerian invention that was used to control floods and

maximizes crop production.
__________ 5. A large social group sharing the same spatial territory subject
to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
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B. Give the importance or the uses of the following and explain how
does it affect the society. ( 5 pts. Each )
1. Printing Press –
2. Weapons and armors –
3. SALt lamp –
4. Gun powder –
5. Water mill –
Enrichment Activities
ACTIVITY 1. 1 – 5
From these 4 topics:

a) Ancient Times b) Medieval Times c) Modern Times
d) Philippine Inventions. Choose only one; then accomplish
the following;
1. Draw or print at least 5 pictures of your chosen achievement. Paste
these inventions on a long size bond paper.
2. Explain in your own words how each invention works. Give their uses
and purpose. Paste the information at the back of your work.
3. Present your work in the class. Conclude your report by discussing
how these inventions impacted the people and the society during the
time when they were made.
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(Week No 4.)
LESSON TITLE 1. 2: Intellectual Revolutions
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, The students can:
1. Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud

contributed to the spark of scientific revolution
2. Explain how the Intellectual Revolution changed the way how humans see
the world
Review
ACTIVITY 1. 2 -1:
Choose a partner, then discuss the effects of the ancient discoveries and inventions to
the humanity. Ask at least 5 pairs to share their answer in the class.
Introduction
This lesson will give light to the development of science and scientific
ideas in the heart of the society. Its goal is to articulate ways by which
society is transformed by science and technology. Brilliant minds responded
to the call of the times and created things that could make life easier for the
people. There’s an instance when advancements in science and technology
change people’s perceptions and beliefs, these events happened in the
period now known as the Intellectual Revolution. The development on this
time showed how society was transformed by science and technology.
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Content
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION:
In the early times, people questioned what created days and nights. They wanted to
understand what heavenly bodies like stars, moons, and planets are. The invention of the
telescope allowed the people to take a peek at the outer space, but more it intrigued them to
know what was actually out there.
Geocentrism - formulated by famous philosopher

and astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy, stated that
the planets, the sun and the moon, moved in a
circular motion around the earth. The sun and
moon’s revolution explained the existence of
days and nights. Ptolemy’s geocentric model was
widely accepted by the people and was one of the
greatest discoveries of that time.
Heliocentrism – introduced by Nicolaus

Copernicus, a Polish mathematician
and astronomer, which says that the sun is
the center of the solar system, but not the
earth, but this idea was rejected by the public
and the church dogma, because it was
believed that the earth was created first
before all other things. Copernicus was
persecuted as a heretic, but after all some
realization of other astronomers , eventually it
was accepted by the people in the period
which was called the “ Birth of Modern
Astronomy.” This ERA began what was
known as the Scientific Revolution which
resulted in the transformation of Society’s
thoughts and beliefs.
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION:
LINK - https://youtu.be/4NcXffyLWuE
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Or
The “ theory of evolution ”, which was introduced by Charles Darwin, an

English naturalist, biologist, and geologist. He introduced the “theory of
revolution” which posited that populations pass through the process of
natural selection in which only the fittest would survive. He stated that
organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would
gradually change something that would be more competitive to survive, but
this theory became very controversial as people perceived it to be
contradictory to the church’s teachings that the source of life is a powerful
creator. Because of this conflict, the people were divided; and it sparked a
massive debate between science and religion, and it was only sometime that
people came to understand that Darwin’s Theory of Evolution was not in fact
against the teachings of the church and both can coexist.
Sigmund Freud - was an Austrian Neurologist and the founder of

Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis - is a method for treating mental illness and
a theory which explains human behavior. He says that personality is a
product of three conflicting elements: id, ego, and superego. Many says that
Psychoanalysis is not science since its concepts were more philosophical
and supernatural. It has no scientific basis and no experimental data that
can support it, until such time that people were able to understand the
concepts which eventually resulted in classifying psychology as a science.
Learning Task
ACTIVITY 1.2 - 2:
Research work:
Name other scientific revolutions or development of science that happened in the
following places. Present in the class.
a. Meso – America
b. Asia
c. Middle East
d. Africa
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This lesson is about the essential contributions of the following

persons in science during the period of scientific revolutions:
a. Nicolaus Copernicus – developed the “Heliocentric” model of

the universe.
b. Charles Darwin – made a significant contribution in the field
of evolutionary biology and philosophy of science.
c. Sigmund Freud – developed the idea of psychoanalysis that
helped in understanding human behaviour especially
neurological conditions.
Evaluation
ACTIVITY 1.2 - 3:
Answer what is being asked:
1. Name the contributions of Copernicus, Darwin and Freud in the philosophy of
science.
2. Why do you think were their Intellectual Ideas controversial?
3. Why did the people accept these new discoveries despite being contradictory to
what was widely accepted at that time?
4. How did their Intellectual Revolution change the way how humans see
the world
ACTIVITY 1.2 - 4:
1. Research at least 10 foreign scientists / inventors ( w/ picture ) who have great
contributions in the field of science and technology.
2. Identify their nationality, and state their great contributions.
3. Give the uses and the benefits that the society can gain.
4. Submit next session.
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( Week No. 5 - 6 )
LESSON TITLE 1 . 3: Science, Technology, and Nation - building
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
1. Explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living.
2. Present government policies on science and technology and explain their
importance to the nation.
3. Discuss the role of science and technology in nation - building.
Review
ACTIVITY 1. 3 - 1:
Ask at least 5 students to recap the previous lesson.
Introduction:
The development of science and technology in the Philippines has already come a
long way. Many significant inventions and discoveries have been accomplished by or
attributed to Filipinos. This lesson will tackle how the development of science and
technology affect the development of the Philippines as a nation..
Content:
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD ( Folk Science )

Filipinos had their own Culture, Traditions and Beliefs that keep
them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years.
Scientific Knowledge was used :
 To plant crops for food
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 In taking care of animals to help them on their daily tasks and for
food production
 In observing and interpreting the movements of heavenly bodies to
predict seasons and climates, and in organizing days into months and
years
 In preparing the soil for agricultural purposes
 In discovering the medicinal uses of plants
Technology was used in:
 Building houses and irrigations
 Hunting, cooking and fishing
 Transportation both land and water
COLONIAL PERIOD
Spanish Time:
 Established schools for boys and girls
 The beginning of formal science and technology
 Learning science in school - concepts on human body, plant,
animals and heavenly bodies
 Life became modernized – adapting some Western technology and
ways of life
 Medicine and advance science in college and universities established
by catholic orders including the University of Santo Tomas ( UST ).
 Galleon trading brought the development in the Philippines
 Philippines – center of global trade in Southeast Asia and was
considered as the most developed place in the region.
 BUT because of the SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEFS and the CATHOLIC
DOCTRINES and PRACTICES – the growth and development of
Science was STOPPED.
American Time:
 Established public education system
 Improved engineering works and health conditions of people
 Established the University of the Philippines (UP )
 Created more public hospitals
 Mineral resources were explored and exploited
 Transportation was improved
 Introduced science in Basic Education – “ SCIENCE” ; science in
Higher Education was modernized
 Control cholera, malaria, tuberculosis and other tropical diseases
 PROTESTANTS Church mission – brought hospitals and schools in
remote areas
 HOWEVER – WWII – Destabilized the development of the country:
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The development of science and technology in the Philippines is

shaped by several factors and influences. It is always shaped by human and
social activities, both external and internal.
Internal Influences
- Survival
- Culture
- Economic Activities Development of
Science and
External Influences Technology in the
- Foreign Colonizers Philippines
- Trades with Foreign
Countries
- International
Economic Demands
# Influences in the Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines #
Science and Technology may have significant impact on the lives of people
and in the development of the Philippine society. However, improving the
quality of Science education still remain as a big challenge in the country.
School science from basic education to graduate education is improving
slowly, and there are only few students enrolling in science and technology
courses.
POST- COLONIAL PERIOD

After achieving independence from the colonizers, the Philippine
government introduced and implemented several programs, projects, and
policies, to boost the area of science and technology. The goal is to prepare
the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically
driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science.
The following are the government agencies involved in the

development of Science and Technology.
1. DOST – Department of Science and Technology
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2. NCRP – National Research Council of the Philippines

3. PAASE – Philippine – American Academy of Science and Engineering
4. ESEP – Engineering and Science Education Program
5. STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
6. PICARI – Philippine – California Advanced Research Institute.
7. NAST – National Academy of Science and Technology
8. PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration
National Goals
International Treaty
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 Policies
 Programs
Legal Frameworks  Projects
Social Needs, Issues,

and Problems
# Variables that influence the development of Science and Technology Policies in the
Philippines #
The development of policies, programs, and projects in science and

technology is shaped or influenced by several variables: policies need to be
aligned to national goals, consider the international commitments based on
the legal frameworks and respond to various social needs, issues, and
problems. Science and technology policies, programs and projects ensure
that the whole country and all people will experience the progress that
science can bring. These are considered as guides to direct all efforts to a
goal of developing a scientifically advanced country.
Learning Task
ACTIVITY 1. 3 - 2:
Questions for Reflections:

1. Trace the development of science and technology from the pre-
colonial times up to the present. What have you observe?
2. What do you think are the major contributions of science and
technology to Philippine nation-building? Explain.
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3. What do you think are the major contributions of the Philippines to

the field of science at present? Explain.
This lesson discusses the influence of science and technology in the

development of the Philippines as a country. Even before the time of
Spanish colonization in the Philippines, people and communities already
practiced indigenous science, which is one of the foundation of the modern
science.
The growth of science and its development as a field in the country is a

hybrid of indigenous and foreign ideas. Spain and the United States, being
the former colonial masters of the country, played an important role in
building the foundation of science in the Philippines.
To further strengthen the science program in the country, the

government establishe various science programs, policies and projects.
Through the years, many Filipinos were able to establish themselves as

scientists, and science educators in various scientific areas and fields.
Inventions and Innovations were done by these Filipino scientists. Finally,
the demands of globalization, especially the ASEAN economic agenda,
prompted the Philippines to invest in science and technology programs and
projects.
ACTIVITY 1 . 3 - 3:
1. Identify at least 10 Filipino Scientist
2. Research on their contributions in the field of science
3. Examine what made them pursue a career in science
4. Present the result of your work in class
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UNIT 2 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY, and the

HUMAN CONDITION
( Week No.7 - 8 )
LESSON TITLE – 2 . 1 – Human Flourishing
Objectives
1. Identify different conceptions of human flourishing

2. Determine the development of the scientific method and validity of science
3. Examine modern technology and its role in human flourishing
Review
ACTIVITY 2 .1 - 1:
Ask the students to recap the previous lesson.
LINK - https://youtu.be/1zoYZTYN4S4
Introduction:
WHAT IS HAPPINESS ??
 In PSYCHOLOGY – Happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-
being which can be defined by, among others, positive or pleasant
emotion ranging from contentment to intense joy.
 To BEHAVIOURISTS – Happiness is a cocktail of emotions we
experience when we do something good or positive.
 To NEUROLOGISTS – Happiness is the experience of a flood hormones
released in the brain as a reward for behaviour that prolongs survival.
Is happiness a destination or a journey?

 HEDONISTIC – Happiness is the polar opposite of suffering; the
presence of happiness indicates the absence of pain. Because of this,
Rebilin 27
Hedonists believe that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness,

which minimizes misery.
 EUDAIMONIA, a term that combines the Greek words for “good” and
“spirit” to describe the ideology. Eudaimonia defines happiness as the
pursuit of becoming a better person. Eudaimonists do this by
challenging themselves intellectually or by engaging in activities that
make them spiritually richer people.
 NICOMACHEAN ETHICS –Human flourishing arises as a result of
different components such as: Phronesis, friendship, wealth and
power.
 ANCIENT GREEK SOCIETY – They believe that acquiring these will
surely bring the seekers happiness, which in effect allows them to
partake in the greater notion of what we call the Good.
As time changes, elements that comprise human flourishing changed;

People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places,
develop more products, and make more money.
Humans of today are expected to become “man of the world”. He is
supposed to situate himself in a global neighbourhood, working side by
side among institutions and the government to be able to reach common
goal. Competition as a means of survival has become passe’.
Coordination is the new trend.
Eastern versus Western conception regarding society and human

flourishing.
 EASTERN CONCEPTION
- Focus is community-centric
- Individual should sacrifice himself for the sake of society
- Chinese Confucian system
- Japanese Bushido
- Encourage studies of literature, science, and art for a greater
cause
 WESTERN CONCEPTION
- More focused on the individual
- Human flourishing has an end
- Aristotelian view
- Aims for eudaimonia as the ultimate good
Content:
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and HUMAN FLOURISHING
- Every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of
human knowledge.
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- Human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding

proofs to trace evolution
- Elicits our idea of self-importance
- Technology is a human activity we excel in as a result of achieving
science
- Good is inherently related to the truth
SCIENCE as METHODS and RESULT

- Science stems from objectivity brought upon by a rigid method
- Claim to reason and empiricism
- Steps in Scientific Method
Observe
Determine the Problem
Formulate hypothesis
Conduct experiment
Gather and analyze data
Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation
SCIENCE as a SOCIAL ENDEAVOR

- Application of science on how the world works, exists, originated, etc.
- Solve various problems
- Satisfy various needs
- Sustain the development of society
- Development of Scientific literacy
SCIENCE as EDUCATION
- Sharing science content
- Process individuals as part of the scientific community.
- Develops the skills of the students in:
o Problem – Solving ability
o Critical Thinking ability
Learning Task
ACTIVITY 2 . 1 – 2:
Questions for reflections
1. Are we successful so far in trying to tie down technology with what
we conceive as human flourishing? Explain.
2. What do you think constitutes human flourishing? Explain.
This lesson is about the different ideas or perceptions of different

group of experts with respect to Human Flourishing or Happiness. The
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comparison of concepts regarding society and Human Flourishing between

the Eastern and Western civilization was tackled. Finally, the economic
perception of enrichment or the growth is heavily fuelled by technology and
should not be impeded.
ACTIVITY 2 . 1 - 3:
1. Research and State the brief history or discovery that
brought about the invention of the following.
2. State their contributions in our scientific development.
3. Choose only 2 inventions.
4. Discuss in the class.
a. Telescope
b. Microscope
c. Transistor Radio
d. Guns
e. Internet
f. Cell Phones
g. Processed Food
h. Printing Press
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( Week No. 9 -10 )

LESSON TITLE – 2 . 2– Technology as a Way of Revealing
Objectives
1. Explain the concept of human conditions before Science and Technology

2. Identify the change that happened in human conditions after science and
technology
3. Name ways on how technology aided in revealing the truth about human
being.
Review
ACTIVITY 2 .2 - 1:
Ask the students to recap the previous lesson.
Introduction:
FOR ONLINE
LINK - https://youtu.be/uRpwdcWU3YM
https://youtu.be/ZClRfDBQGCA
Comparison of the people’s way of life Before and Now in terms of:
- Culture
- Language
- Rights
People’s way of life due to the existence of science and technology.
Older Generation
- Simple living
- Technologies are too complicated to operate
- A challenge to make these technological advancements
accessible and less confusing
- Live with ease and comfort due to modern technology
Younger Generation
- A challenge to take the older generation to an exciting
journey in science and technology
- Live with ease and comfort due to modern technology
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People before are already fascinated with science and technology which led
to numerous magnificent inventions and discoveries that the people now
are able to enjoy and benefit from.
Content:
THE HUMAN CONDITIONS BEFORE COMMON ERA

 Stone Age
- Sharpen stones for their knife
- No written accounts, only cave drawings and unearthed
artifacts
- Little capacity to contemplate and perceive things outside
themselves in a more reflective manner
 Metal Age
- Discovered minerals and realized that they are durable,
malleable and more luster than the ordinary stones
- Fur clothing and other animal skin are used for protective
covering to withstand extreme weather conditions.
 Religion
- Initial roster of primitive gods includes objects they
encounter through their day-to-day lives
- Those who lived alongside majestic creatures such as
elephants - will worship them as the owner of land – used
in asking blessings in their hunting ground
- Mountain god – for windy places near mountains – to
explain the wind current
- Water god – those who were near coastal areas or bodies
of water – for a good catch
Throughout the history , RELIGION remains to be the strongest
contender to science arguably due to its being the most easily
grasped.
THE HUMAN CONDITIONS IN THE COMMON ERA

- For a long time, humans were content with their relationship with
nature.
- Earliest case of man-made extinction occurred over 12,000 years ago
- The Holocene Extinction ( Anthropocene extinction ) occurred as early
as 100,000 to 200,000 years up to the present.
o The extinction of several species-flora and fauna-due to human
activity
- 9,000 years ago human began agriculture
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- Formation of communities caused human to expand more territory

and more people to feed; waging wars with other tribes seemed to be
the early solution
- 5,000 years ago they found out that peaceful negotiation was also
possible and less bloody method because of this trade emerged
- People had anew objective that is to gather as much products as
possible and becoming wealthy as one of their goals as humans and
ultimately as civilization
- They began to hunt, farm, and produce things with prospect of profit.
- Humanity became more complex. The primary goal was not just to
survive but to live a good life.
- Technology has been instrumental in all of these
- Good life envisioned before is pale in comparison today
- They perceive death as, at the very least, unpleasant and concocted
potions to ward evil off their kinsmen, often appealing to their gods for
blessings.
- Medicine was born, although it takes time before it part ways with
potion
- They become fixated with gold, this ultimately paved way for the
emergence of chemistry in its primitive
- Wars were always being waged
- The leaders are chosen based on who portrayed exceptional strength
among their group.
- Physical strength was valued at most, although there appeared to be
as many intellectually gifted figures just the same. These innovators
were primarily the ones behind discoveries and triumphs of these
civilizations.
Position-wise, the humans of today are much better off compared to

humans several centuries ago. Advancements in medicine, technology,
health, and education ushered in humanity’s best yet, and show no sign of
stopping. Below are some of the notable comparisons then and now:
1. Mortality Rate
2. Average Lifespan
3. Literacy Rate
4. Gross Domestic Product ( GPD )
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THE ESSENCE OF TECHNOLOGY
FOR ONLINE
LINK - https://youtu.be/lfLhrtMdBrk
 We are more “developed” than we were before...
Humanity has indeed come a long way from our primitive ways, and it
is said that we are more “developed” than we were before. Modern humans
are reliant on technology in their search for good life. We see ways and
means from nature to utilize and achieve growth-a goal that we believe
would bring forth betterment.
Good effects of technology
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In retrospect, this view of technology proves to be goal-oriented as it

assumes that it is instrumental in achieving a good in mind, that is a
purposeful, deliberate craft humans steer in order to reach some greater
good. In the advent of postmodernism, however, the deterministic view
appended to technology crumbled as people began to question if anything is
deterministic at all.
Martin Heidegger – a philosopher who argued that it’s ESSENCE or
PURPOSE and BEING are different from each other. According to Him,
technology can either be perceived man’s end and it constitutes human
activity or a way that each period reveals a particular character regarding
man’s being.
Since humans appear not to really know what they are seeking for,
the search continues. It is a looming fear, however, that the path we are
treading will not take us to the right direction, leading us in endless circles
instead, in our pursuit of the good life.
Too much reliance on technology will lead us to innumerable dangers.
Humans lose track of things that matter, reducing their surroundings to
their economic value.
Bad effects of technology
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BACKTRACKING the HUMAN CONDITION
FOR ONLINE
LINK - https://youtu.be/9jePh6EEeSU
Technology’s initial promises proved to be true, regardless of its

ramifications. Different machineries aid in prolonging lives-assisting those
with disabilities, honing efficiency in workplaces, and in many more.
Some places in the world are still battling for their daily survival-
diseases, tribe wars, lack of habitable territories, and competitions on
resources.
A lot of people still subscribe to religion in explaining things that they do not
know. For those who have ceased to do so, they have turned their worships
to reverence of science.
They are still trying to discover and rediscover things as to how their
existence of the world make sense, and technology does little to aid them in
their pursuit of life’s meaning.
Aristotle’s notion about the conception of human flourishing
entertains the idea of holistic enrichment of a person. His notable
distinction was called virtues and their role in achieving the good life.
Technological advancements are seemingly occurring in a rapid place that
our morality cannot quite keep up; no such consideration was given in this
approach in achieving good life.
“Technology Is A Useful Servant But A Dangerous Master.”
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Learning Task
Questions for reflections
1. Technology is very important in our daily life; Cite 1 situation where
technology is used, and explain its POSITIVE and NEGATIVE effects
to mankind.
2. What would happened to humankind if technology did not exist?
Explain.
3. Do you agree with Martin Heidegger in his idea that technology should
only be seen as one of the approaches in perceiving truth? What are
other possible approaches we should consider?
Science and technology has been part of human activity since the
beginning of our species. It has aided us in survival and helped outsmart
our adversaries, provided us comfortable living, allowed us to explore the
world, and assisted us in discovering more about ourselves and the truth.
However, it also leads us to a paradox in which we are only able to see the
world in the lenses of technological innovations. In our pursuit of growth, we
had conveniently forgotten that technology only presents one approach in
viewing the world. This forgetfulness leads us to evaluate objects as
consumable or not-transcending to other human beings, determining their
capacity to be productive. Our valuation of things became one-dimensional,
geared toward production of goods for more consumption, which we believe
would lead us to the good life. This is only one conception of technology, as
Heidegger also proposed that technology is what humans do. Advancements
in the field expose us to previously unknown predicaments, effectively
helping us to reveal our own nature and enforcing one perspective in
finding the truth.
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ACTIVITY 2 . 2 - 3:
Role-playing:
1. Try to imagine the world without technology.
2. How do you think your day-to-day life would be like?
3. Do this by role-playing a scenario where a certain
technological innovation does not exist.
4. Use examples below, choose only 1, and submit your video
within one week.
a. Watch
b. Light bulbs
c. Cars
d. Phone
e. Printing press
f. Electricity
g. Air planes
h. paper
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( Week No.11)
LESSON TITLE – 2 . 3 – The Good Life
Objectives
1. Explain the concept of the good life as posited by Aristotle

2. Define the good life in their own words.
3. Examine shared concerns that make up the good life to come up with
innovative and creative solutions to contemporary issues guided by ethical
standards.
Review
ACTIVITY 2 . 3 - 1:
Ask the students to cite and share in the class a happy moments that
they encounter in their daily life.. Let them explain why they are happy in
that situation.
Introduction
Everyone is in pursuit of the good life. We do certain things because we
want to achieve a life which will make us happy and content. By studying
and working hard, we try to attain this goal not only for ourselves but also
for our loved ones and the rest of humanity. People’s definition of the good
life may vary and differ in the particular. In general, however, we recognize
universal truths that cut across our differences.
Content
NICOMACHEAN ETHICS AND MODERN CONCEPTS:

Aristotle, an important ancient Greek philosopher attempted to
explain what is GOOD ; and his definition is useful in our pursuit of the
truth.
Nicomachean Ethics 2:2
All human activities aim at some good. Every art and human inquiry,
and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good;
and for this reason the good has been rightly declared as that at which
all things aim.
 What is Meant by Good Life?
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- Living with comfort and luxury with few problems or worries.

- Characterized by happiness from living and doing well
- Content
 What is eudaimonia? ( “living well and doing well” )
- Came from the Greek word eu meaning “good” and daimon
meaning “spirit”.
- Refers to the good life marked by happiness and excellence.
- Flourishing life filled with meaningful endeavours that empower
the human person to be the best version of himself.
 Aristotle’s View of Good Life.
- The activity of the soul in accordance with virtue:
- Believed that good for humans is the maximum realization of
what was unique to humans.
- The good for humans was to reason well.
- The task of reason was to teach humans how to act virtuously,
and the exercise of faculties in accordance with virtue.
Nicomachean Ethics 2:1
Virtue, then, being of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual
virtue in the main owes its birth and growth in teaching ( for its reason
it requires experience and time ). While moral virtue comes about as a
result of habit.
 INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES:
- Theoretical wisdom ( thinking and truth )
- Practical wisdom
- Understanding. Experience and time are necessary
requirements for the development of intellectual virtue.
 MORAL VIRTUE:
- Controlled by practical wisdom (ability to make right judgement)
- Owed its development to how one nurtured it as habit.
- Can be learned
Happiness according to Aristotle:
- Happiness depends on ourselves.
- Central purpose of human life and a goal in itself.
- Depends on the cultivation of virtue.
- A genuinely happy life required the fulfilment of a broad range
of conditions, including physical as well as mental well-being.
Learning Task
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A – Questions for reflection
1. In your opinion, what constitutes a good life?
2. What does Aristotle say about the good life? Does it still
stand in the contemporary world?
3. How is the progress of science and technology as a
movement towards the good life?
The onward progress of science and technology is also the movement

towards the good life. Science and technology are some of the highest
expressions of human faculties. They allow us to thrive and flourish in
life if we so desire it. Science and technology may also corrupt a person,
but grounding oneself in virtue will help him/ her steer clear of danger.
ACTIVITY 2 . 3 - 3:
COLLAGE MAKING:
1. Make a Good Life collage. Use any materials you want.
2. Explain how these technological advancements have made
the campaign for the attainment of the good life easier.
3. Present in the class.
( Week No.12 – 13 )
LESSON TITLE – 2 . 4 – WHEN TECHNOLOGY and HUMANITY
CROSS
Objectives
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1. Enumerate the different technological advancements in society.

2. Discuss the development of science and technology in the Philippines.
3. Discuss the effects of the interplay between technology and humanity
through the dilemma/s they face.
Review
ACTIVITY 2 . 4 - 1:
Ask the students to show their collage in the class and let them identify old and new
technologies found in their work.
Introduction:
- TECHNOLOGY from the Greek words “techne” – art and “logos”
- word which means a discourse on arts ( Buchanan 2010 ).
- Concepts like machine and tools were also attached to the word
“technology”.
- In one way or another, each person in the society is directly or
indirectly affected by technology whether he wills it or not.
- Most people survive their everyday lives with great reliance to
the different technological advancements already available to
the masses.
- Technology is already an inevitable part of the society, has
become a necessity and no longer a want, makes life easier and
convenient, gives pleasure and happiness to people, and used
for communication anywhere in the world.
- However, it is important to note that “ anything too much is
bad”.
- Various ethical dilemmas involving the use of technological
devices and its effect to humanity.
- Misuse or invention to produce bad results.
Content
TELEVISION SETS, MOBILE PHONES, COMPUTERS and HUMANITY

Television Sets:
Rebilin 42
- According to Kantar Media, in the Philippines, 92% of urban homes

and 70% of rural homes own at least one television set.
- Households with television set reached 15.135 M ( Noda 2012 ).
- This implies that television plays a great role in the lives of Filipinos.
o It is used for ultimate medium for advertisement placements
- Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, German student, in late 1800s, was successful
in his attempt to send images through wires with the aid of rotating
metal disk which is called as “electric telescope”.
- In 1907, Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton – an English scientist and

Boris Rosing – a Russian scientist, created a new system of television
using a cathode ray tube in addition to the mechanical scanner
system.
Mobile Phones:
- Filipinos love to use their mobile phones anywhere, anytime.
- More than half of the Filipino population own at least one mobile
phone regardless of type.
- Based on the survey:
o 2010, Synovate declared 67% product ownership in the country.
o Mobile phones are considered a must among young Filipinos
o 1 out of 3 Filipinos cannot live without a mobile phone.
- April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper ,an engineer at Motorola, made the
world’s first mobile phone; weighed 1.1 kg, measured 228.6 x 127 x
44.4 mm, capable of 30-minute talk time and took 10hours to charge.
- In 1983, first commercial mobile phone available to public known as
Motorola DynaTAC “Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage” 8000x,
cost $3,995.
Computers and Laptops:
- Not possible for all Filipino families to own at least one computer or
laptop.
- Most profits gained by computer and laptop manufacturers come from
offices, businesses or schools.
- Growing number of Internet users in the Philippines, - problems
regarding the Internet provider.
- Charles Babbage – English/ Mathematics professor designed the
Analytical Engine used as the basic framework of the computer.
- April 3, 1981- OSBORNE 1 was released – the first true portable
computer. It weighs 10.7 kg, cost US$1,795.
Facts about Filipinos and their use of Gadgets and the Internet:
- Mobile phone subscription is at 119M
- 3.2 hours on mobile and 5.2 hours on desk top daily.
Rebilin 43
- Philippines has one of the highest digital population in the

world.
- 47M active FB accounts
- Fastest-growing application market in Southeast Asia.
ROLES PLAYED by these TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

Television Sets:
- It is mainly used as a platform for advertisements and information
dissemination.
- Good stress reliever to families
- Used for different propagandas and advocacies
Mobile Phones:
- Used for communication with interesting features: all-in-one device
Computers and Laptops:
- Surf internet and communicate
- Allows the youth to play with comfort and convenience.
ETHICAL DILEMMA FACED by these TECHNOLOGICAL

ADVANCEMENTS
- Most parents would argue that these devices make their children lazy
and unhealthy.
 Develop different kinds of sickness
 Reclusive, alienating themselves from other people
- Moral Dilemma - people are freely exposed to different things on

televisions mobile phones, laptops or computers.
 Adults are blamed for allowing children to have an access to the
devices without their supervision – changes children’s
character.
- Ethics of Responsibility – focuses on the positive rather than the

negative.
 People behind the scientific development ought to let the public
know the GOOD in their respective technological contributions
so that people ( users ) have an idea how the devices to be
used to maximize the positive results, LIKEWISE, they must
also inform the masses of the dangers of their contribution/s.
ROBOTICS and HUMANITY
- ROBOTS - an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more
axes with a degree of autonomy, moving within its environment, to
perform intended tasks. Autonomy – the ability to perform intended
tasks based on current and sensing without human intervention.
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- Service Robot – A robot that performs useful tasks for humans or

equipment excluding industrial application. A robot may be classified
according to its intended application as an industrial robot or a
service robot.
 Personal Service Robot – a robot used for non-commercial
task, usually by laypersons.
- Examples: domestic servant robot, automated wheelchair,
personal mobility assist robot, pet exercising robot.
 Professional Service Robot – a service robot used for a
commercial task, usually operated by a properly trained
operator.
- Examples: cleaning robot for public places, delivery robot, fire-
fighting robot, rehabilitation robot, surgery robot in hospitals.
GEORGE DEVOL –an American inventor known for developing UNIMATE,
(Universal Automation) the first material handling robot employed in
industrial production work.
ROLES PLAYED by ROBOTICS

o Ease the workload of mankind
o Make life more efficient and less stressful
o Perform complicated activities
o Pleasure, entertainment in parks or exhibits
o Toys, child-friendly
o Used in movies
In 1940s, ISAAC ASIMOV –an American writer and professor of
biochemistry at Boston University – formulated the “ three Laws of
Robotics”.
Laws of Robotics:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a
human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such
orders would conflict with the first law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does
not conflict with the first or second law.
ETHICAL DILEMMA/S FACED by ROBOTICS

Safety:
o Who should be held accountable if someone’s safety is compromised
by a robot
Rebilin 45
o Who should be blamed, the robot, the agent using the robot, or the
maker/inventor of the robot?
Emotional Component:
o It is not completely impossible for robots to develop emotions
o What if robots become sentient?
o Should they be granted robot rights?
If so, then, the ROBOTS should be given their own set of rights, they ought
to be treated differently and to have new laws to follow in order to
accommodate the new characteristics they have developed.
Learning Task
Questions for reflection:
1. Do people really need technology in their lives? Is it really a
necessity? Explain.
2. How do you reconcile the “NEED” for technology and the
dilemma/s it faces?
3. Should there be an ethics of technology?
In modern times, there are different technological advancements in all

forms and sizes inside the home, the workplace. the learning place, or
simply on the streets. It is very accessible to anyone in the world. It is not
enclosed to expensive and high-end devices. Simple machines can perform a
simple task and can be considered a form of technology. However, despite its
usefulness and beneficial characteristics, there are still some problems faced
by the different technological advancements. These problems are ethical in
nature that involve not only the machine but also mankind. It is now
impossible for technology and humanity not to cross paths because
technology has become a necessity for people. At the end of the day, ethics
should be still be enforced in the field of technology so as to ensure the
safety and morality of these devices to people.
ACTIVITY 2 . 4 - 3:
DO as DIRECTED
Rebilin 46
1. Use pictures to enumerate at least 5 Good and 5 Bad effects of

technology in humanity. Explain how.
2. Is technology making us smarter or Dumber? Explain.
3. How does a robot help human.
4. Essay Writing:
 Human vs Robots: Progress or End of Humanity?
UNIT 3 - SPECIFIC ISSUES in SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

and SOCIETY
( Week No.14 - 15 )
Rebilin 47
LESSON TITLE – 3 . 1 – INFORMATION AGE
Objectives
1. Define Information Age

2. Discuss the evolution of technology from ancient time up to the present.
3. Illustrate how social media have affected their lives.
Review
ACTIVITY 3 . 1 - 1:
Ask the students to name some gadgets they are using and let them
enumerate the benefits, the good and the bad effects they can avail from
that gadgets.
Introduction
Humans are surrounded on all sides by technology claiming to supply
information: television, smart phones, and internet devices, among
others. However, do they all provide information or noise? More voices
are trying to get our attention but how can we be sure that they share
knowledge and the truth?
To answer this basic question, a short historical backgrounder might
prove useful.
Before the printed word, the written word was prevalent. Yet, the
intent to carry information has always been present.
Content
FOR ONLINE
Information Age
https://youtu.be/57X49fmC0qg
https://youtu.be/ikDcw7h1WCI
Evolution of information age

https://youtu.be/_7Pvxl-1ajg
Timeline of the Information Age

https://youtu.be/hGOUUfqf-Nk
INFORMATION AGE
What Is Information Age?
The Information Age began around the 1970s and is still going on
today. It is also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age.
Rebilin 48
This era brought about a time period in which people could access
information and knowledge easily.
It is human history characterized by the shift from traditional
industry that the industrial Revolution brought through industrialization to
an economy based on computerization.
Impact of Information Age
Information Age brought many new inventions and innovations. Many
communication service like texting, email and social media.
Changes of the Information Age
The information age have changed people, technology, science economies,
culture and even the way people think. The internet changed the way people
do everything. It has made people lazier but it also makes change amount of
the population smarter.
Advantages of Information Technology in Society
1. Improved Communication
2. Globalization of knowledge
3. Improved Social Discovery
4. Improved Entertainment
5. Improved Innovations
Disadvantages of Information Technology in Society
1. Addiction ( Cyber Sickness )
2. Poor Sight
3. Criminal Act
Evolution of Information Age
 The Prehistoric Age ( 1500BC – 1500AD )
Prehistory is the period of human activity between the use of the first
stone tools 3.3 million years ago and the invention of writing systems,
the earliest of which appeared 5300 years ago. Technology that
predates recorded history.
 Prehistoric Devices
Anything Prior to the first written accounts of history is prehistoric
(meaning “before history”), including earlier technologies. About 2.5
million years before writing was developed, technology began with the
earliest hominids who used stone tools, which they may have used to
start fires, hunt, cut food, and bury their dead.
 Industrial Age: ( 1700s – 1930s )
The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the
changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760
in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by
the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as
the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of
industry in large establishments.
 The Electronic Age: ( 1930s – 1980s )
Rebilin 49
The Electronic Age is the invention of the transistor ushered in the

electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistor that led to the
transistor communication became more efficient.
 Digital Age 1900s – 2000s )
Digital Age or Information Age is a period in human history
characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the Industrial
Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on
information computerization. The internet paved the way advanced
the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers,
devices wearable technology.
HISTORY
YEAR EVENT
3000 BC Sumerian writing system used pictographs to present words.
2900 BC Beginning of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing
1300 BC Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used
500 BC Papyrus roll was used
220 BC Chinese small seal writing was developed
100AD Book ( parchment codex )
105 AD Woodblock painting and paper was invented by the Chinese
1455 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using
movable metal type.
1755 Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized English spelling
1802 o The library of congress was established
o Invention of the carbon arc lamp
1824 Research on persistence of vision published
1830s o First viable design for digital computer
o Augusta lady Byron writes the world’s first computer
program
1837 Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain and in United
States
1861 Motion pictures were projected onto screen
1876 Dewey decimal system was introduced
1877 Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated high speed photography
1899 First magnetic recording were released
1902 Motion picture special effects were used
1906 Lee De Forest invented the electronic amplifying tube
( triode )
1923 Television camera tube was invented by Zvorkyn
1926 First practical sound movie
1939 Regularly schedule television broadcasting began in the US
1940s Beginning of Information science as a discipline
1945 Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of hypertext
1946 ENIAC computer was developed
1948 Birth of field Information theory proposed by Claude E.
Rebilin 50
Shannon
1957 Planar transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni
1958 First Integrated Circuit
1960s Library of congress developed LC MARC ( Machine readable
code )
1969 UNIX Operating system was developed which could handle
multitasking
1971 Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip
1972 Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and MCA
1974 MCA and Philips agreed on a standard video disc encoding
format
1975 Altair microcomputer kit was released: first personal
computer for the public
1977 RadioShack introduced the first personal computer
1984 Apple Macintosh computer was introduced
Mid 1980s Artificial intelligence was separated from information science
1987 Hypercard was developed by Bill Atkinson recipe box
metaphor
1991 Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CD-
ROM was released
January RSA ( encryption and network security software ) Internet
1997 security code cracked for a 48 – bit number
COMPUTER
An electronic device that stores and processes data ( information).
Runs on a program that contains the exact, step-by-step directions to
solve a problem.
TYPES of COMPUTER
1. Personal Computer
- Single - user Instrument
- Known as microcomputers since they were a computer but built
on a smaller scale
2. Desktop Computer
- PC that is not designed for portability
- Workstation; desktop computer that has a more powerful
processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for
performing special group tasks.
3. Laptops
- Portable computers that integrate the essential of a desktop
computer in a battery operated package.
4. Personal Digital Assistant ( PDA )

- Tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboards
but rely on a touch screen for user input.
Rebilin 51
- Typically smaller than a paperback, lightweight, and battery-

powered.
5. Server
- Computer that has been improved to provide network services
to other computers
- Usually boast powerful processors, tons of memory, and large
hard drives.
6. Mainframes
- Huge computer system that can fill an entire room.
- Used by large firms that process millions of transactions every
day.
7. Wearable Computers
- Materials that are usually integrated into cell phones, watches,
and other small objects or places.
- Perform common computer applications such as databases,
emails, multimedia and schedules.
THE WORLD WIDE WEB ( Internet )

Claude E. Shannon - an American mathematician – “father of
Information Theory”.
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee – an English engineer and computer
scientist – the inventor of “World Wide Web”.
INTERNET – a worldwide system of interconnected networks that
facilitate data transmission among innumerable computers.
Learning Task
Questions for reflection:
1. Which development in the information age brought significant
changes in the way you live your life today?
2. How did the transmission of information evolve from the ancient
times up to the present?
3. Social media is a technology which facilitates the sharing of
information, ideas, and other content in different parts of the globe.
If social media was deactivated for a month in the country, What
could possibly happen?
Nowadays, information could be shared or transferred quickly. People
are becoming more interested in sharing information about themselves.
Rebilin 52
Various aspects of our society are also being influenced by the Information
Age especially communication, economics, industry, health, and the
environment. The rapid upgrade of information poses both positive and
negative impacts to our society. Therefore, we need to carefully check our
motives before disseminating information and we also need to verify
information before believing them and using and sharing them. We should
share information that could help improve our lives and others.
ACTIVITY 3 . 1 - 3:
CREATIVE WORK
1. Think of a device with special features that you can develop to
improve lives of people in our society.
2. It could be something that you can develop to help in
communication, transportation, health, and etc.
3. Illustrate your device and show your output in the class and
explain.
( Week No.16 - 17 )
LESSON TITLE – 3 . 2 – BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY
SOCIETY
Objectives
Rebilin 53
1. Determine the interrelatedness of society, environment, and health.

2. Create a diagram that would show the relatedness of species in forming
up diverse and healthy society without compromising one another
3. Identify everyday tasks and evaluate whether they contribute to the
wellness and health of biodiversity and society or not.
Review
ACTIVITY 3 . 2 - 1:
Ask the students to name at least 5 best friends. Let them cite some
factors why they became best of friends. How?
Introduction
From the early times, when ancient philosophers of nature tried to
explain all things as coming from the elements of water, fire, air and earth,
science sought for the common characteristic, a unifying element, in all of
nature’s many phenomena. There was a growing awareness of how all living
things are related to each other, an idea called biodiversity. This
recognition started when naturalists began to classify organisms in the
natural world using taxonomy, a system devised by Swedish scientist Carl
Linnaeus. Still used in the biological sciences today, taxonomy is the
hierarchical system of classifying and naming organisms. It builds on the
ability of the mind to find the common in the diverse, the One in the Many.
It is a system commonly used today and shows that though the living
organisms in the world are so diverse, They still share many traits.
Content
FOR ONLINE
Biodiversity
Link
https://youtu.be/pSUfsWzWbeg
https://youtu.be/nQKW-1cv0_E
Rebilin 54
BIODIVERSITY and ECOSYSTEM

- Biodiversity refers to the variety of life, including the number of
species, life forms, genetic types, and habitat and biomes ( which are
characteristic groupings of plant and animal species found in a
particular climate ).
- Ecosystems entail all the living things in a particular area as well as
the non-living things with which they interact, such as air, soil, water,
and sunlight.
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem produce a rich array of benefits that
people depend on, including fisheries, drinking water, fertile soils for
growing crops, climate regulation, inspiration and aesthetic and
cultural values.
- Thus, if we fail to keep the process of taking care of the ecosystem, it
is us who are actually putting our lives at risk.
CHANGES in BIODIVERSITY
- A change in biodiversity could have erratic effects not only in a wildlife
or marine life but also in human beings.
- Example: Humans inhabiting the forest: - It can disturb the natural
order of life. Trees and plants will be affected in the clearing
operations. Animals, insects, and all types of life forms would either
be displaced or can be killed. The loss of these life forms could affect
the entire ecosystem; which might damage the food chain.
- From this, we can clearly infer that when our ecosystem is not well
taken care of, biodiversity encounters changes that may impact
human health on such different levels.
THREATS to BIODIVERSITY
Major Threats to Biodiversity
- 1. Habitat loss and destruction
- 2. Alterations in ecosystem composition
- 3. Over-exploitation
- 4. Pollution and contamination
- 5. Global climate change
CONSEQUENCES of BIODIVERSITY LOSS
- 1. Economic Cost of Lost Biodiversity
- 2. Reduced Food Security
- 3. Increased Contact with Disease
- 4. More Unpredictable Weather
- 5. Loss of Livelihoods
- 6. Losing Sight of Nature
Rebilin 55
“The earth will retain its most striking feature, its biodiversity, only if
humans have the prescience to do so. This will occur, it seems, only if we
realize the extent to which we use biodiversity ( Rainforest Conservation
Fund, 2017)”.
NUTRITIONAL IMPACT of BIODIVERSITY

- According to the World Health Organization, biodiversity is a vital
element of a human being’s nutrition because of its influence to food
production.
- Biodiversity is a major factor that contributes to sustainable food
production for human beings.
- A society or a population must have access to a sufficient variety of
nutritious food as it is a determinant of their health as human beings.
- Nutrition and biodiversity are linked at many levels; the ecosystem,
with food production as an ecosystem services.
- Nutritional composition between foods and among varieties/
cultivars/ breeds of the same food can differ dramatically, affecting
micronutrient availability in the diet.
- Intensified and enhanced food production of crop varieties and
cropping patterns affect biodiversity and thus impact global
nutritional status and human health.
ENVIRONMENT-RELATED ILLNESSES
- Human illnesses that are related to environment include Parkinson’s
disease, heart diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, asthma, diabetes, obesity, occupational injuries, dysentery,
arthritis, malaria, and depression.
- According to experts, climate change could have a serious impact on
human health and could deteriorate farming systems and reduce
nutrients in some food.
- Relationships between human health and the environment raise many
ethical, social, and legal dilemmas by forcing people to choose among
competing values.
- When drafting and implementing environmental health regulations, it
is important to consider vulnerable subpopulations.
Vulnerable subpopulation is a group with an increased susceptibility
to the adverse effects of an environment risk factor, due to their age,
genetics, health status, or some other condition.
- Various public health strategies pit the right of individuals against the
good society, such as mandatory treatment, vaccination, or diagnostic
testing, isolation and quarantine, and disease surveillance.
Rebilin 56
Learning Task
Answer what is being asked:
1. What is biodiversity exactly?
2. How can people maintain the rich biodiversity in nature?
3. How do humans affect biodiversity?
4. How can biodiversity affect the health of society?
5. Why is biodiversity so important and worthy of protection?
Most of the time, it may seem impossible to really value species singly
or in a detailed manner. But we have to consider the entire Earth as a single
unit. A loss of single-celled species or a family of wild grass can have
adverse effects in the entire biosphere. Biodiversity seen in macro level
seems to be still vast and rich, yet if we look at it in micro-level, per species,
we have lost too much. Eventually, in the near future, this biodiversity loss
will have a great negative effect especially to us humans. “The value of
biodiversity is the value of everything”.
ACTIVITY 3. 2 - 3:
Concept Mapping: (use intersection circles or Venn diagram)
1. List down several concepts that the society or human beings
benefit from biodiversity.
2. On the other circle, enumerate the different challenges and
disadvantages that biodiversity suffers as we work our way to
acquire the benefits.
3. On the space where the two circles meet, list down possible ways
and strategies on how we could acquire these benefits and needs
without compromising the growth process of biodiversity.
( Week No. 18 )
LESSON TITLE – 3 .3 – ASPECTS OF GENE THERAPY
Objectives
1. Describe gene therapy and its various forms.

2. Discuss the prevalence of gene therapy in daily life.
3. Explore the opportunities that may be opened by gene therapy in the
Rebilin 57
future.
Review
ACTIVITY 3 . 3 - 1:
Ask the students to give an example of sickness or diseases and let
them explain on how it can be cured.
Introduction
Medical science has detected many human diseases related to
defective genes. These type of diseases are not curable by traditional
methods like taking readily available medicines. Gene therapy is a potential
method to either treat or cure genetic-related human illnesses.
Human gene therapy was actually first realized in 1971 when the first
recombinant DNA experiments were planned. It can be simply viewed as
insertion foreign DNA into a patient’s tissue that hope to successfully
eradicate the targeted disease. It was actually inspired by the success of
recombinant DNA technology which occurred over the last 20 years. Without
a doubt, gene therapy is the most promising yet possibly unfavourable
medical field being studied.
Content
What is Gene Therapy – An approach of treating diseases by either
modifying the expressions of an individual’s gene or correction of abnormal
genes.
The BASIC PROCESS of GENE THERAPY

Several approaches to gene therapy:
1. Replacing a Mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy
of the gene.
2. Inactivating or “knocking out”, a mutated gene that is functioning
improperly.
3. Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight the disease.
In general, a gene cannot be directly inserted into a person’s cell. It must be
delivered to the cell using a carrier, or vector. Currently, the most common
type of vectors are viruses that have been genetically altered to carry normal
human DNA. Viruses have evolve a way of encapsulating and delivering
their genes to human cells in a pathogenic manner.
Rebilin 58
TWO TYPES of GENE THERAPY

1. Somatic Gene Therapy – involves the manipulation of genes in
cells that will be helpful to the patient but not inherited to the next
generation.
2. Germ-line Gene Therapy – involves the genetic modification of germ
cells or the origin cells that will pass the change on the next
generation.
The STEM CELL GENE THERAPY

Stem cells are mother cells that have the potential to become any type
of cell in the body. One of the main characteristics of stem cells is their
ability to self-renew or multiply while maintaining the potential to develop
into other types of cells. Stem cells can become cells of the blood, heart,
bones, skin, muscles,and brain among others.
Two Sources of Stem Cells:
1. Embryonic Stem Cells - are derived from a four- or five-day-old
human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development. The
embryos are usually extras that have been created in IVF ( in vitro
fertilization ) clinics where several eggs are fertilized in a test tube
then implanted into a woman.
2. Somatic stem cells – are cells that exist throughout the body after
embryonic development and are found inside of different types of
tissues. It is found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow,
blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin and the liver. They
remain in a non-dividing state for years until activated by disease
or tissue injury. These stem cells can divide or self-renew
indefinitely, enabling them to generate a range of cell types from
the originating organ or even regenerate the entire original organ.
THE BIOETHICS of GENE THERAPY

ETHICAL ISSUES
1. How can “good” and “bad” uses of gene therapy be
distinguished?
2. Who decides which traits are normal and which constitute a
disability or disorder?
3. Will the high costs of gene therapy make it available only to
the wealthy?
4. Could the widespread use of gene therapy make society less
accepting of people who are different?
Rebilin 59
5. Should people be allowed to use gene therapy to enhance

basic human traits such as height, intelligence, or athletic
ability?
The idea of germline gene therapy is controversial. While it could
spare future generations in a family from having a particular genetic
disorder, it might affect the development of a fetus in unexpected ways
or have long-term side effects that are not yet known. Because people
who would be affected by germline gene therapy are not yet born, they
can’t choose whether to have the treatment or not.
Learning Task
DO AS DIRECTED:
1. Research on the various forms of gene therapy. How are they done?
2. What are the recent developments in gene therapy?
3. What health condition do you think urgently needs to be treated by
gene therapy/ Justify your answer.
4. Why does gene therapy cost so much?
5. Is gene therapy safe/ What are possible side effects?
Gene therapy is a method that may treat or cure genetic-related

human illness. There are two forms of gene therapy. One is somatic gene
therapy which involves the manipulations of genes in cells that will be
helpful to the patient but not inherited to the next generation. The other is
germline gene therapy which involves the genetic modification of germ cells
or the origin cells that will pass the change to the next generation.
There many ethical issues on gene therapy. Some of these issues are
about questions on whose authority or power to decide which human traits
should be altered; other concerns are on the discriminatory effects of those
who may not or cannot avail gene therapy.
ACTIVITY 3 . 3 - 3:
Flow Chart:
1. Make a flow chart of the basic process of gene therapy.
Rebilin 60
2. Explain each part of the process.

3. Use references for your guide.
Concept Mapping:
1. Using Venn Diagram, Differentiate the two forms of gene
therapy.
( Week No. 19 )
LESSON TITLE – 3 . 4 – CLIMATE CHANGE
Objectives
1. Identify the causes of climate change.

2. Understand the effects of climate change in the society.
3. Illustrate how the community helps in mitigating the hazards caused by
climate change.
Rebilin 61
Review
Introduction
Link https://youtu.be/eHMLszamZ9w
ACTIVITY 3 . 4 - 1:
Please tell me what do you feel from this photo.
1. Describe what you see.

2. What do you feel?
3. Share you feeling in the class.
Climate change refers to the change in the environmental conditions

of the earth. This happens due to many internal and external factors, and
the persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere
or in land use. It can be also due to natural occurrences or contributed by
acts of human beings.
Content
CAUSES of CLIMATE CHANGE

1. NATURAL FACTORS
2. ARTIFICIAL FACTORS
Natural Factors
1. Volcanic Eruptions
- Volcanic eruption is one of the natural causes of climate
change. It emits different natural aerosols like carbon dioxide,
sulphur dioxide, salt crystals, volcanic ashes or dust, and even
microorganisms like bacteria and viruses. The volcanic eruption
can cause a cooling effect to the lithosphere because its emitted
aerosol can block a certain percentage of solar radiation. This
cooling effect can last for one to two years.
2. Earth Orbital Changes
- The earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. It is
tilted at an angle of 23.5 0 to the perpendicular plane of its
orbital path. Changes in the tilt of the earth can lead to small
Rebilin 62
but climatically important changes in the strength of the

seasons.
3. Forest Fire
- A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible
vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area.
Artificial Factors
Human Activities
There is a strong evidence that the climate change over the last half-
century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the
burning of fossil fuels, and including agriculture and deforestation.
1. Deforestation
- When human remove or clear large areas of forest lands and
related ecosystems for non-forest use. These include clearing for
farming purposes, ranching and urban use. In these cases,
trees are never re-planted.
2. Burning of fossil fuels
- Burning of fossil fuel is a hidden cause of global warming. Fossil
fuels are being used as one of the major energy resources for
industrial and domestic usage.
EFFECTS of CLIMATE CHANGE on SOCIETY

1. Heavy Rainfall across the Globe
2. Global Warming
3. Increase in sea level which results in flooding and erosion of coastal
and low lying areas.
4. Extreme Drought
5. Decline in Crop Productivity
6. Ecosystems are Changing
Learning Task
DO AS DIRECTED:
1. Is climate change preventable? Justify your answer.
2. What significant contribution can individuals make in response to
climate change?
3. What should be the significant contribution of the society as well
as the government in mitigating the hazards caused by climate
change?
Climate change is a worldwide issue that we have to face. Climate

change is referred as statistically significant climate variation persisting for
Rebilin 63
an extended period of time. The continuous climate change could bring

drastic effects to living and non-living forms on earth.
Climate change is brought by several factors like natural processes

and persistent human activities. Global warming is one of the major effects
of climate change. Global warming threatens all life forms on earth. It has
drastic effects on water availability, food source, health tissues, land use,
and ecosystem.
ACTIVITY 3 . 4 - 3:
Create an advocacy campaign by making a poster via social media

that tells about how the community will help mitigate the hazards caused by
climate change.
Bibliography
BOOKS
McNamara, Daniel J., et.al. Science, Technology, and Society Quezon

City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2018.
Serafica, Janice Patria J., et. Al. Science, Technology, and Society
Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2018.
READING MATERIALS:
Rebilin 64
o 6 Problems Caused by Shrinking Biodiversity. Accessed August 7,

2020. https://www.treehugger.com/problems-caused-shrinking-
biodiversity-4858748
o Basic Process of Gene Therapy. Accessed August 8, 2020

http://www.genetherapynet.com/basic-process.html
o Information technology. Accessed August 6, 2020

https://historyoftechnologyif.weebly.com/information-age.html
o Science, Technology and Society. Accessed June 25, 2020

https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content.../Science-Technology-and-
Society.pdf
o Science Technology and Society Modules Development Process.

Accessed June 25, 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ ..pdf?md5...pid=1
WEBSITES/VIDEOS / PPT
Ahmed, S. ( April 12, 2014 ). Global Climate Change. Accessed August

8, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/sakiliubat/global-climate-
change-33448015
Cruz, L. ( July 13, 2019 ). Human flourishing in science and

technology: Technology as a Mode of Revealing. Retrieved from
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science-and-technology-technology
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https://www.slideshare.net/liwaycruz/the-good-life-170252540
Estardo, A. ( June 27, 2018). Science, Technology and Society.

Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-
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Estardo, A. ( Aug. 5, 2018 ). Science and Technology and
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Nation Building. Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-pt3-108692843
Estardo, A. ( August 9, 2018). Human Person flourishing in terms of

Science and Technology. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-pt4
Estardo, A. ( September 5, 2018 ) STS When Technology and

Humanity Cross. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-pt6
Jimenez, A. ( April 22, 2019 ). When Humanity and Technology Cross.

Retrieved from https://prezi.com/p/2bitthe1omqd/when-
technology-and-humanity-cross/
Mirza, A. ( February 15, 2016 ). Gene therapy. Accessed august 8,

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58257727
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44775546
Reyes, K. ( March 4, 2019 ). Technology as a Way of Revealing.

Retrieved from https://prezi.com/p/r_zocxmreamz/technology-
as-a-way-of-revealing/
Sabarish-P. ( November 3, 2014 ) Science and Society-Science as a

social Endeavor. Retrieved from
http://sabarishedn.blogspot.com/2014/11/science-and-society-
science-as-social.html
Tagacay, F. ( February 14, 2019 ). Biodiversity and the Healthy

Society. Retrieved from
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healthy-society
Vaday, M. ( Nov. 25, 2016 ). Science Technology and society. Retrieved

from https://www.slideshare.net/ManaviYadav2/science-
technology-and-society-69518592
Rebilin 66
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www.ancienthistorylists.com
 We have a go on the H2O Salamander in Taal lake.
www.topgear.com.ph
VIDEOS LINK
Backtracking the Human Condition
 https://youtu.be/9jePh6EEeSU
Biodiversity
 https://youtu.be/nQKW-1cv0_E
Rebilin 67
Climate Change
 https://youtu.be/eHMLszamZ9w
Darwinian Revolution
 https://youtu.be/4NcXffyLWuE
Evolution of information age

 https://youtu.be/_7Pvxl-1ajg
Human Flourishing
 https://youtu.be/1zoYZTYN4S4
Information Age
 https://youtu.be/57X49fmC0qg
 https://youtu.be/ikDcw7h1WCI
Technology as a Way of Revealing

 https://youtu.be/uRpwdcWU3YM
 https://youtu.be/ZClRfDBQGCA
The Essence of Technology

 https://youtu.be/lfLhrtMdBrk

 https://youtu.be/hGOUUfqf-Nk
 https://youtu.be/pSUfsWzWbeg
Rebilin 68
Rebilin 69
Rebilin 70

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COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

About this Module

The course is designed to enable students to appreciate in broad

The course entails a variety of readings, group discussions, and research,

Chapter I: General Concepts in Science,

Lesson 1: Historical Antecedents in the Course of

Chapter II Science, Technology, Society, and the

Chapter III Specific Issues in Science, Technology, and

Lesson 1: The Information

It enable the students to appreciate the social impact of developments in

The course includes a variety of readings, group discussions, research,

Science, Technology and Society and the Human

Science as Method and Results

Specific Issues in Science, technology and Society

UNIT 1- GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE,

Technology – is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions and

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY

SCIENCE & SOCIETY

INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES

2. DIKES/ IRRIGATION CANALS – to control floods and

3. WHEELS & PLOW – were invented to improve trade and

HANGING GARDEN OF BABYLON - one of the seven

2. INK – they invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to

3. HIEROGLYPHICS – system of writing using symbols. It was the language

MEDIEVAL / MIDDLE AGES:

people at a faster rate. This also made works accessible to

1. PASTEURIZATION – a process of heating dairy products to kill the

countries in terms of natural disasters. Many of the discoveries and

1. SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE

- It is a three-wheeler vehicle that can be

- 2. The development of EJEEPNEY is a major

1. Give @ least three scientific and technological developments in the

This lesson is about the importance of the inventions, discoveries,

 ANCIENT TIMES – a term refer to the aggregate of past events

 MODERN TIMES – During this time, the European powers

__________ 1. A science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems

__________ 2. A place which was called as a “Cradle of Civilization”, during

__________ 4. Sumerian invention that was used to control floods and

2. Weapons and armors –

From these 4 topics:

At the end of the lesson, The students can:

1. Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud

Geocentrism - formulated by famous philosopher

Heliocentrism – introduced by Nicolaus

The “ theory of evolution ”, which was introduced by Charles Darwin, an

Sigmund Freud - was an Austrian Neurologist and the founder of

This lesson is about the essential contributions of the following

a. Nicolaus Copernicus – developed the “Heliocentric” model of

At the end of the lesson, the students can:

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD ( Folk Science )

The development of science and technology in the Philippines is

# Influences in the Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines #

POST- COLONIAL PERIOD

The following are the government agencies involved in the

1. DOST – Department of Science and Technology

2. NCRP – National Research Council of the Philippines

Social Needs, Issues,

The development of policies, programs, and projects in science and