CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer describes the research method. This chapter includes several sub-
chapters of discussion: the research design, the object of the study, the role of the writer, the
unit analysis, the procedure of collecting data, and the procedures of analyzing the data.

3.1 Research Design

The qualitative approach was applied in this study. In this approach writer plays an
important role, the writer collects data through examining documents, interviewing
participants, or observing behavior (Creswell, 2014). Thus, qualitative approach is
descriptive, rather than numbers the data collected is in the form of words or images.
(Bogdan & Biklen, 2007). However, in the present study, the data collected from examining
document. In addition, the qualitative approach aimed to focus on the meaning interpretation
based on the natural frameworks of the writer.
Qualitative and quantitative has the similar process, however, because the qualitative
approach is based on text and picture data, the data analysis and data design are distinct. In
writing the section of qualitative data it requires educating readers to the intent of qualitative
approach, describing specific method, stating the role of the writer, drawing analysis from
expanding point of view, using specific steps in analyzing data, and mentioning the document
in accurate way (Creswell & Creswell, 2018, p.254).
Moreover, qualitative approach focuses on the subjective evaluation of attitudes,
views, and behavior. (Kothari, 2004). Such research might examine the different aspects that
influence how individuals behave or whether they like or dislike something. Based on
Kothari above, this study also deals with judgments or assessments towards someone’s
behavior.
This method is suitable because the qualitative data comes from this study’s objective,
which consists of realizing interpersonal meaning through the system of Mood and Modality
in Sir Alex Ferguson’s farewell speech. However, interpersonal meaning concerns the social
relationship between the speaker/writer and the listener/reader. Thus, the use of quantitative
data in this study comes from the result of the interpersonal analysis constituents of the
speech that can support the qualitative data. This study’s numerical or quantitative data is
done to find the percentage of the interpersonal meaning’s constituents. Then, the writer
interprets the result into a descriptive paragraph.
Kothari, (2004) stated that interpretation is the process of obtaining conclusions from
the evidence gathered during an analytical and/or experimental investigation. The use of
interpretation can produce a result that can be used as a guide for future research in the same
field. In conclusion, the writer used quantitative research to determine what type of Mood and
Modality commonly utilized in the speech. The writer then employs a qualitative approach to
illustrate and report the analysis of Mood, Modality, and attitudes into words and sentences,
as this study aims to discover interpersonal meaning in speech.

3.2 Research Object

The object of the study is Sir Alex Ferguson’s farewell speech. He delivered his
speech on Sunday, May 12, 2013. The speech talks about how grateful Sir Alex is after
having 27 years together in the club. He faces so many wins and losses that many players
come and go, and win many tournaments. He also mentions Paul Scholes in his memorable
speech because it is his last match. However, this speech is about how grateful Sir Alex is to
be a part of the club with the fans since 1986. The speech was analyzed to reveal the
interpersonal meaning in the clauses of the speech.

3.3 Research Assumptions

The writer conducted the study by following the assumptions below:
1. There are interpersonal meanings realized in the speaker’s speech.
2. The speaker used several kinds of Mood in his speech.
3. The speaker used particular types of Modality in his speech.

3.4 Data Source

The data used in this study is in the form of a transcription of a speech delivered by
Sir Alex Ferguson on his last day as the Manchester United manager. The speech was divided
into some clauses analyzed through the interpersonal meaning. As stated by Creswell &
Creswell, (2018) the data source of the qualitative study is various, it can be from
observations, interviews, documents, recordings, etc. However, this study used transcription
as the data source. The data was accessed on December 24 th, 2021 at 1:15 PM through this
link https://genius.com/Sir-alex-ferguson-farewell-speech-annotated.
3.5 Unit of Analysis
This study was done to analyze the interpersonal meaning realized in Sir Alex
Ferguson’s farewell speech. Thus, the unit analysis of the study is clauses of the speech.

3.6 Research Instrument

Since this study used a qualitative method, the writer here becomes the main
instrument. First, as the data collector, the writer collects the data in the form of a
transcription of Sir Alex Ferguson’s farewell speech. Then, as the data analyst, the writer
analyzed the text speech after it divided into clauses, as the whole text’s clauses are the unit
analysis (Halliday, 1985). It is in line with (Creswell, 2014) that stated the qualitative
research deals with interpretative ability of the writer. However, as a main instrument, the
writer has a critical presence in this study because the qualitative study is dependent on the
writer’s position and the study is rely on the writer’s abilities in managing, analyzing, and
organizing the data.
3.7 Procedure of Collecting Data
The primary data for this research were the speech of Sir Alex Ferguson, who
delivered the speech in his farewell match as the Manchester United Football Club manager
in Old Trafford, Manchester, in May 2013. The steps of collecting the data are presented
below:
1. Documentation
First, the writer collected the data from Sir Alex Ferguson’s speech through the
internet. The speech was obtained from the video on the BBC website, then the transcript
from the genius.com website and was published in May 2013. Then the writer downloaded
the video and the transcript.
2. Organization
Furthermore, after collecting the data, the writer continued dividing it into clauses.
3. Identification
Finally, the writer began to identify the speech’s interpersonal meaning through the
Mood and Modality system. Then, the result came in the form of a table and description.

3.8 Procedures of Analyzing Data

In doing this study, there are several steps the writer did. The writer divided all of the
sentences in this speech into some clauses. After that, the writer began to analyze various
aspects of each clause. These include Mood and Modality. The analysis of those aspects was
presented in the form of a table showing each aspect’s frequency. The table now represents
the quantitative data that backs up the qualitative data. To complete the analysis process for
this study, the writer interpreted and summarized the data from the analysis table into
paragraphs. Several steps used by the writer are as follows:

3.8.1 Context of Situation

The word "context of situation" refers to what is going on in the world outside the text
that influences the text’s content. Sir Alex Ferguson’s vocabulary is influenced by his
understanding of the circumstance. Field, Tenor, and Mode are all register variables that can
be set. Field denotes the topic being discussed, tenor denotes the role of the participants in a
text, mode denotes whether the text is written or spoken, and the purpose of its creation. The
writer saw how those three register variables affected Sir Alex Ferguson’s language choice in
a speech on his last day as a Manchester United Football Club manager.

3.8.2 Mood System

The Mood system analysis is the first analysis conducted for interpersonal meanings
in this study. However, there are two main constituents of the Mood analysis. First is the
Mood, which deals with Subject and Finite, then the second is the Residue which consists of
Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct. In addition, this analysis also consists of analyzing the
clause’s mood types. Then, after analyzing the clauses into Mood and Residue, the writer
begins to calculate the subject, finite, and mood types.
Table 3. 1 Mood Elements
You have been the most fantastic experience of my life.
Subject Finite Predicato Complement
r
Mood Residue
Source: Ridho & Widhiyanto (2020)

3.8.1.1 Subject Analysis

The subject becomes important because it constructs Mood, which makes the clause
stand. It is usually realized by a nominal group; the subject analysis example can be seen
below.
 Table 3. 2 Subject Analysis
Subject
No Clauses The
I You We
y
1 I have absolutely no script in my mind. √
2 You have been the most fantastic experience of my life √
3 They've won the championship in a fantastic fashion. √
4 I'll be able to now enjoy watching them √
Source: Mafruchatunnisa & Agustien, (2016)

3.8.1.2 Finite Analysis

Then the finite analysis, the writer analyzed the finite according to Halliday through
the primary tense that used in the speech, it can be seen below.
Table 3. 3 Finite Analysis
Finite
No Clauses
Present Past Future
1 I have absolutely no script in my mind. √
2 You have been the most fantastic experience of my life √
3 They've won the championship in a fantastic fashion. √
4 I'll be able to now enjoy watching them √
Source: Mafruchatunnisa & Agustien, (2016)

3.8.1.3 Mood Types Analysis

Moreover, the writer analyzed the mood types. This analysis has been done by the
writer in order to understand the purpose of the speaker in making statements, there are three
kinds of clauses; Declarative, Imperative, and Interrogative.
 Table 3. 4 Mood Types Analysis
Mood Types
No Clauses Declarativ
Imperative Interrogative
e
1 I have absolutely no script in my mind. √
2 I'm just going to ramble on √
3 and hope I get to the core of what this
√
football club means,
4 First of all, it's a thank you to Manchester
√
United.
Source: Mafruchatunnisa & Agustien, (2016)
After collecting the mood systems, the writer began to interpret the result in to words
to show how the interpersonal meaning in Sir Alex Ferguson’s speech.

3.8.3 Modality Analysis

Modality is how speakers express their different degrees of probability, usuality,
obligation, and inclination. According to Droga & Humprey, (2003), Modality is classified
into five types based on the grammatical structure. Those are modal verbs, modal adverbials,
modal adjectivals, modal nouns, and modal clauses. The analysis of Modality can be seen as
follow.
Table 3. 5 Modality Analysis
Types of Modal Degree
No Clauses
Hi Me Lo
1 I have absolutely no script in my mind. Adverbials √
2 I'm just going to ramble on Verbs √
3 I'll be able to now enjoy watching them Verbs √
4 Your job now is to stand by our new manager. Verbs √
Source : Mafruchatunnisa & Agustien, (2016)