National

Mathematics
Program

Lessons Guide

Derick C. Kaibigan,LPT
I. FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES

1. EXPLORE

A. Introduction to fractions, Decimal and Percentages

Objective: Understand the basic concepts and relationships between fractions,

decimals, and percentages.

FRACTION
𝑎
A fraction represents a part of a whole. It is written as 𝑏 , where 𝑎 is the numerator
(the number of parts we have), and 𝑏 is the denominator (the total number of equal parts
the whole is divided into).

Examples:
1
• (𝑜𝑛𝑒 − ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓): This means one part out of two equal parts.
2
3
• (𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠): This means three parts out of four equal parts.
4

Decimals

A decimal is another way to represent fractions, particularly those with

denominators that are powers of ten. It is written with a decimal point separating the
whole number from the fractional part.

Examples:

1
o 0.5 (𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 2)
3
o 0.75 (𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 4 )

Percentages

A percentage is a fraction with a denominator of 100. It represents how many

parts out of 100.

• Examples:
50
o 50% (𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑟 0.5)
100
75
o 75% (𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 100 𝑜𝑟 0.75)
2. FIRM UP
B. Converting between decimals, fractions and Percentages

Fraction to Decimal

In converting fractions to decimals, you may consider the following:

(1) If the denominator is a power of 10 such as 10, 100, 1 000, 10 000, and so on, copy
the numerator and add the decimal point in the correct place (i.e., one step from the right
hand side for every zero).

Example:

Convert the following fractions to decimal numbers.

3 511 9
1. 2. 3. 7
10 100 1000

Solution:
1. 0.3 (Since the denominator is 10, the decimal point was placed one step from the right
side of 3.)

2. 5.11 (The denominator is 100, thus the decimal point was placed two steps from the
right side of 511.)

3. 7.009 (The denominator is 1 000, thus the decimal point was placed three steps from
the right side of 9. Then, the resulting decimal, 0.009, was added to the whole number 7.)

(2) If the denominator can be converted to a power of 10, form an equivalent fraction
whose denominator is a power of 10 by multiplying the numerator and denominator by
the same factor. Then, convert the equivalent fraction to decimal form.

Example:
Convert the following fractions to decimals.
3 17 305
1. 5 2. 10 25 3. 200

Solution:
3×2 6
1. = 10 = 0.6
5×2
17×4 34
2. 10 = 10 = 10.34
25×4 100
305×5 1525
3. = 1000 = 1.525
200×5

(3) If the fraction does not belong to either of the two conditions above, then divide the
numerator by the denominator using long division since a fraction implies division.
Example:
Convert the following fractions to decimals.
3 7 3
1. 2. 3. 11
6 9 8

Solution:
1. 3 ÷ 6 = 0.5
2. 9 ÷ 7 = 0.77777 . . . 𝑜𝑟 0.7
3. 11 + (8 ÷ 3) = 11.375

Decimal to Fraction

In converting terminating decimals to fractions, follow these steps:

Step 1: Write the decimal digit as the numerator.

Step 2: Identify the last place value of the decimal digit and use that as the
denominator.
Step 3. Reduce the resulting fraction to its lowest terms, when necessary .
Example
Change 0.25 to fraction.
Solution:
25 25 1
0.25 = 100 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 100 = 4

In converting nonterminating but repeating decimals to fractions, refer to the following

steps:
Step 1: Let n be the repeating decimal.
Step 2: Multiply n by the power of 10. (10 for one repeating digit, 100 for two repeating
digits, 1 000 for three repeating digits, and so on.
Step 3: Subtract the two equations.
Step 4: Solve for the value of n.
Step 5: Simplify the fraction if possible.

Example
Convert 8.44444 . . . to fraction
Solution:
Step 1: n = 8.44444 . . .
Step 2: 10n = 84.4444 . . . (since there is only one repeating digit which is 4)
Step 3: 10n – n = 84.4 – 8.4
Step 4: 9n = 76
n = 769
76 4
Step 5: = 89
9

Fraction to Percentage
Converting fractions to percentages is a straightforward process that helps us
understand proportions in a more familiar form. By dividing the numerator by the
denominator to get a decimal, and then multiplying that decimal by 100, we convert the
fraction into a percentage. This conversion allows us to easily compare and interpret
values in everyday contexts, making it a valuable skill in both academic and real-world
applications.
In converting fraction to percentage, refer to the following steps;
Step 1: Divide the Numerator by the Denominator: This converts the fraction to a
decimal.
Step 2: Multiply the Resulting Decimal by 100: This converts the decimal to a
percentage.
Step 3: Add a Percentage Sign (%): This indicates that the number is a
percentage.

Example
3
Convert the fraction to a percentage.
4

solution
3
Step 1: Divide the Numerator by the Denominator = 0.75
4
Step 2: Multiply the Resulting Decimal by 100 0.75 × 100 = 75
Step 3: Add a Percentage Sign 75%

3
The fraction is equal to 75%.
4
Percentage to Fraction
Converting percentages to fractions is easy. Just write the percentage as a fraction
over 100 and then simplify it. This helps us see percentages as parts of a whole, making
it easier to understand and use them in math and everyday situations.
In converting percentage to fraction, refer to the following steps:
Step 1: Write the Percentage as a Fraction with a Denominator of 100.

Step 2: Simplify the Fraction: Reduce the fraction to its simplest form by dividing
both the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common divisor
(GCD).

Example:
Convert 75% to a fraction.

75
Step 1: Write the Percentage as a Fraction 75% =
100
Step 2: Simplify the Fraction
Find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of 75 and 100. The GCD of 75 and 100
is 25.
Divide both the numerator and the denominator by their GCD:
75 ÷ 25 3
=
100 ÷ 25 4
3
The percentage 75% is equal to the fraction .
4

Decimal to Percentages

In converting decimal to percentage, refer to the following steps:

Step 1: Multiply the Decimal by 100: This shifts the decimal point two places to the
right.
Step 2: Add a Percentage Sign (%): This indicates that the number is now a
percentage.

Example
Convert the decimal 0.85 to a percentage.

Step 1: Multiply the Decimal by 100 0.85 × 100 = 85

Step 2: Add a Percentage Sign 85%

The decimal 0.85 is equal to 85%.

 Percentage to Decimal
In converting decimal to percentage, refer to the following steps:
Step 1: Remove the Percentage Sign (%): This simplifies the number.
Step 2: Divide by 100: This shifts the decimal point two places to the left.

Example
Convert 75% to a decimal.

Step 1: Remove the Percentage Sign 75% = 75

75
Step 2: Divide by 100 = 0.75
100

The percentage 75% is equal to the decimal 0.75.

3. DEEPEN

C - E – R Activity

In this activity you will understand deeper on how to perform the different ways in
converting between fraction, decimal and percentage.

Instruction: A given set of problem will be given and you will give your answer in
following steps. First, identify what is the problem; second, give the evidence or the
solution; third, give your claim or the final answer; lastly, give your reason by stating
your claim or the final answer and what is the problem about.

Convert the following;

A. Fraction to Decimal
Problems:
1 3 7
1.) 2. 3.
2 5 8

Claim Evidence Reason

B. Decimal to Fraction
Problems:

1.) 0.25 2. 0.5 3. 0.75

Claim Evidence Reason

C. Fraction to Percentage
Problems:
1 2 5
1.) 2. 3.
4 5 8

Claim Evidence Reason

D. Percentage to Fraction
Problems:
1.) 20% 2. 50% 3. 80%

Claim Evidence Reason

E. Percentage to decimal
Problems:
1.) 25% 2. 40% 3. 90%

Claim Evidence Reason

 4. TRANSFER

In this part the students are expected to apply the skills of converting between
fractions, decimals, and percentages, performing operations with fractions and decimals, and
solving real-world problems involving percentages to effectively manage and analyze
financial data in everyday situations.

Activity:
Instruction: A scenario is given then base on the problem ask you are appropriately. Use the
the previous knowledge about fraction, decimal and percentage.

Scenario:
You are planning a community fundraising event and need to create a detailed budget
plan. To start, you need to allocate the total funds to various expenses such as the venue,
catering, and marketing. Suppose you have a total budget of $10,000.
You decide to allocate 30% of the budget to the venue, 40% to catering, and 20% to
marketing. How much is the allocated budget for venue, catering and marketing?

II. RATIOS AND PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

1. EXPLORE