Introduction To Decimals

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Introduction to Decimals:

 Decimals are a way to represent parts of a whole number.


 A decimal number consists of two parts: the whole number part and the
fractional part, separated by a decimal point.

Basic Decimal Notation:

 In the decimal system, each place value to the right of the decimal point
represents a power of 10.
 For example: 0.123 = 1 * 10^-1 + 2 * 10^-2 + 3 * 10^-3.

Place Value of Decimals:

 The place value of a digit in a decimal number determines its position and its
weight.
 Example:
 In the number 3.456, the digit 4 is in the tenths place, so its value is 4/10
or 0.4.
 The digit 6 is in the thousandths place, so its value is 6/1000 or 0.006.

Operations with Decimals:

1. Addition and Subtraction:


 Align the decimal points.
 Add or subtract as usual.
 Example: 3.25 + 1.7 = 4.95.
2. Multiplication:
 Multiply the numbers as if they were whole numbers.
 Count the total number of decimal places in the factors.
 Place the decimal point in the product so that the total number of decimal
places is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the factors.
 Example: 2.5 * 0.6 = 1.5.
3. Division:
 Perform long division.
 Place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in
the dividend.
 Example: 4.2 ÷ 0.3 = 14.
Converting Decimals:

1. Converting a Decimal to a Fraction:


 Write the decimal as the numerator of a fraction.
 The denominator is a power of 10 corresponding to the number of
decimal places.
 Example: 0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4.
2. Converting a Fraction to a Decimal:
 Divide the numerator by the denominator.
 Example: 5/8 = 5 ÷ 8 = 0.625.

Applications of Decimals:

 Decimals are used in various real-life situations, such as measuring lengths,


weights, and money.
 They are also used in scientific notation, statistics, and financial calculations.

Conclusion:

 Decimals are an essential part of mathematics and everyday life.


 Understanding how to work with decimals enables us to solve problems
efficiently and accurately in various contexts.
 Mastery of decimal operations and conversions is crucial for success in
mathematics and other disciplines.

These class notes provide a foundational understanding of decimals, including notation,


operations, conversions, and applications, serving as a basis for further exploration and
study in the field of mathematics.

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