Texts

Not all people have the ability to explore their future and build it with more confidence and clarity. Most studies have
highlighted the role of parents as active agents in the career development of their children. Parents want their
children to opt for a career they know well about, but what their children want or 1 aspire to become can be
completely different. Many parents said they had misguided their children into choosing a career of their choice. It is
very important not to 2 burden our children with unreal expectations. There are a few factors that are of great
importance in the career selection process. The child’s 3 aptitude is a mirror of his/her personality, strengths, and
weaknesses. Hence, a designed aptitude test can reveal a lot of information regarding the child that can help in
taking a well-informed career selection. It is very difficult to spend your life working in a field that you are not
interested in. Courses leading towards a desired career should be found easily for the young to enable them to make
right decisions about their future. Psychologists said that it was very easy for a child to get 4 swayed by peer pressure
into choosing a career that the majority was opting rather than the one which was best for him/her. Although it
should not be the most important, 5 remuneration of a career holds value in one’s life; nobody likes to earn little. A
job’s earnings should match the child’s aspirations and provide a satisfying comfortable life. Modern societies need
professionals in every field: utility workers, garbage collectors, farmers, nurses, doctors, engineers, teachers,
professors and many others. Furthermore, 6 demotivation might have a negative impact on the child’s mental health
when rejecting all of his/her ideas. Parents can work together to gather information about a career and then help the
child in deciding whether it is suitable or not. Most people have dreams of future jobs and there’s no limit to what
this could be, but we can't be absolutely certain about our career choices. Researchers told us that through self-
reflection and guided activities, we would find our core values and a clearer path towards the right career.

What does the following mean:

Aspire: Burden: Aptitude: Swayed: Remuneration: Demotivation:

Complete the following sentences with words from the article.

1 Parents play a vital ………………. in the career development of their children.

2 Parents should study very well the ………………. of their children to decide their future career.

3 There should be leading ………………. to help children choose the best job for them in the future.

4 Nowadays, most people encourage their children to choose their future profession based on the ………………. that
profession brings to them.

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 Individuals have .……………. dreams in their day-to-day existence. (vary)

2 Everyone endeavours a great deal to make dreams a .……………. . (real)

3 Future plans and .……………. s have a great importance in a person’s life. (decide)

4 Gaining your boss confidence is really a great .…………….. . (accomplish)

5 I went to a counselor for .……………. on my career. (guide)

2. Read the text and put the phrases A-H in the correct place.

Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you
are doing or learning to do. Success, by definition, means to 1 accomplish your goals. Some people define success by
measures such as wealth, position or status and one’s capabilities. It is also believed by many people that 2
__________________________, but in many cases, money cannot buy you success. In fact, there are some factors
which help us be successful. Start by setting your goals. Having a goal is an essential thing, but it should be a smart
goal 3 __________________________. It requires to stretch your capabilities and to stay committed and remind
yourself that it is not the end of the road. One step more, if there was only one secret to success, 4
__________________________. It will set you in the best position to execute the task with the least difficulty. Timing
is also a crucial ingredient to success. The only method of obtaining good timing is 5 __________________________.
Furthermore, one needs confidence to be successful. He has to start with smaller tasks that have a higher chance of
success to build up confidence. Parents should help their young children 6 __________________________ and
happy in their life. They should discover at an early age the talents of their children and help them to grow their gift
and take care of their needs and interests. Actions are louder than words. When you take action, you trigger all kinds
of things that will inevitably carry you to success. Every step taken by you in the direction of your dreams and goals 7
__________________________. Nothing happens until you take action. To be successful, you have to do what
successful people do. All highly successful people are highly action-oriented people. It is said: “Success is 10%
inspiration and 90 % perspiration.” The golden rule to achieve success is to keep learning. These are three dangerous
words: “I know that.” If you have read or heard about something, you do not know. If you are not rich and successful
the way you want, then you do not know. Become a ‘learn it all’ rather than ‘know it all’. Finally, it is significant to
know that things do not just happen to your benefit by themselves; you must work hard to make them happen. Life is
like a game 8 __________________________ more than playing not to lose.

A a successful person must be rich

B brings you closer at jet speed

C in which playing to win matters

D accomplish your goals

E it would be preparation

F through repetition or experience

G to build up confidence and become successful

H which is achievable

Explain the meaning of the following:

Perseverance: Sacrifice: Trigger: Inevitably: Perspiration:

Our life is a short journey, and every day we learn many important lessons that we must benefit from in order to be
able to achieve more successes, and to make life beautiful and prosperous. Most people think that education is
limited to schools only, but the truth is that there are lessons that we can only learn from life, and they may be more
important than those learnt at schools. Life lessons are sometimes painful before they are acquired, and in order to
avoid this, we must benefit from the experiences of others. We shouldn't pay too much attention to the trivial things
that are not important and waste our time and effort. Since life is so unpredictable, we must not live on expectations
only and meet everything new in life with optimism and positive thinking. There is no word more boring and
monotonous than the word "I". We must be confident of ourselves , but that does not mean we talk about ourselves
and our accomplishments all the time, as this leads to vanity. Human relationships are also important because
without love and support from family and friends, you would not feel happy and would not achieve success in life.
Man by nature makes mistakes, so be tolerant and seek excuses for those around you, and if someone comes to you
with an apology, do not stop him, and do not carry in your heart any envy of anyone. Take care of your health and
make it a priority for your entire life. There are no alternatives to exercising, eating well, fresh air and sunshine. The
pursuit of success will make you succeed in the end, no matter how long the period is, but keep trying. Failure is a
great teacher in life. It teaches us humility and how to correct our course of life. A great example is Thomas Edison.
He failed many times, but he did not give up until he succeeded. Even when he failed, Edison learned something. ‘I
get results in everything I try,’ he said. The golden rule for everybody is to be honest, trustful, useful and generous so
that they leave life with a trace that those around them will not forget about.

Explain the following:

Trivial: Vanity: Tolerant: Envy: humility: Trace:

Answer the questions:

1. How can people avoid life's painful lessons?

2. Why shouldn't people live on expectations only?

3. Why shouldn’t someone use the word "I"?

4. Why should we be tolerant of others?

5. How did Edison deal with failure during his life?

6. How can a person leave a memorable trace?

Read the text again and decide whether these statements are True or False.

1. The best life lessons can only be learnt at schools.

2. Silly things are important and teach us great lessons.

3. Being optimistic and positive leads to vanity.

4. Family plays an essential role in someone’s success.

5. Taking care of our health increases our chance to achieve success.

Choose the correct word between brackets.

1. We need to (education/ educate) people so that they understand the importance of a good and a healthy diet.

2. She hated to say the words for fear of causing (pain/painful) to him.

3. The situation is so uncertain that it is hard to make a confident (predictable/prediction).

4. The airline company (apologised/ apology) to passengers for the delay.

5. In recent years, Syria has undergone a lot of economic (prosperity/ prosperous).

6. Many old people have more (tolerant/ tolerance) than others when dealing with the young generation.

One of the most destructive moments in our lives is failure. When we work hard and keep faith with clear heart and
soul to accomplish something and fail, it will surely have negative consequences for our lives. When we fail, life turns
upside down. Everything seems to disappear into thin air. However, most people don’t realise that failure acts as a
stepping-stone towards success. They don’t know that we can learn more about our lives when we fail. Throughout
history, there have been many famous people who had once the greatest failures in their lives, but later they could
learn from their experience and were able to reach the top. Thomas Edison is by far one of the most famous
inventors in history. He holds 1,093 patents to his name. However, when attempting to invent a commercially-viable
electric lightbulb, he failed over 10,000 times. When asked by a reporter how it felt to fail so many times, he merely
stated, “I have not failed 10,000 times. I have not failed once. I have succeeded in proving that those 10,000 ways will
not work. When I have eliminated the ways that will not work, I will find the way that will work.” Albert Einstein, one
of the greatest thinkers of our time, didn’t speak until he was four-years old. He also failed his entrance exam to the
Swiss Federal Polytechnic school located in Zurich at sixteen-years old. And, even his father, up until the time of his
death, considered his son to be a major failure. After eventually graduating from college, Einstein actually worked as
an insurance salesman, but quit after some time because he failed at that as well. Bill Gates has amassed a mind-
boggling net worth of close to $80 billion, and is known as the father of modern personal-computing software. He
brought us operating systems such as Microsoft DOS and Windows, along with wildly-popular titles such as Microsoft
Office’s Word, Excel and PowerPoint. However, at the age of seventeen-years old, his first software company called,
Traf-O-Data, which analyzed raw traffic logs, failed. Walt Disney is the creative genius who brought us the likes of
Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Snow White. He created the Walt Disney Company after his own namesake. Yet, he
faced many failures. His first company, Laugh-O-Gram went bankrupt. It wasn’t until 5 years later and plenty of
heartache - after he created Mickey Mouse - did he begin to experience a small amount of success and fame.

Read the text and answer the following questions.

1. What are the good sides and bad sides of failures?

2. How did Edison react to his failures?

3. How did Einstein’s father see his son? Did he change his mind towards him later?

4. What is the thing that we owe Gates?

5. When did Disney experience a period of success?

Explain the following:

Stepping-stone: Patent: Eliminated: Insurance: Mind-boggling: Bankrupt:

Now use the words in bold in the text to complete these sentences.

1. Their companies went ……………………. before they reached a great economic recovery.

2. Failures are often considered a …………………… of success in all areas of life.

3. He obtained ……………………. for inventing new things.

4. Throughout his career, he won a ………………. fortune of billions of dollars.

5. He retired after failing as a/an ………………. employee.

6. He ………………… useless methods until he finally succeeded.

Throughout history, various societies and cultures have developed different views in their approach to illnesses and
diseases. One of the most important periods in the development of medicine at all, especially medieval medicine,
which lasted from the 9th to the 13th century, is called “ the Golden Age of Arabic Medicine”. The books of Arabic
science that came about in this period are not only by Muslim authors, because Arab civilization is the result of
consecutive and continuous efforts of various nations, regardless of the religion, race and colour of the skin, who
lived and produced in the Arab region. In ancient times, people used to cure sickness by using plants, herbs and other
materials. In countries such as Egypt, Greece, Rome, Mesopotamia, India and China, medicine was magical and
mythological and diseases were attributed mostly to the supernatural forces. Thus, before hospitals developed,
patients were treated mostly in temples. The practice of medicine during the Middle Ages was empirical; it focused
mainly on curing illnesses rather than discovering their causes. At that time, cures continued to be a mixture of
superstitions, religion, herbal remedies, bleeding and purging; people were bled to reduce inflammation which was
then thought to be the root of all diseases. Moreover, medical schools were established, but most people never saw
a doctor because of the high-cost treatments. Instead, patients were treated by local wise people who were skilled in
the use of herbs, or by priests, or barbers. Around the 16th century, medicine witnessed groundbreaking
developments such as vaccination, human anatomy, surgery and microbiology. Modern medicine started to emerge
in the late 18th century and therefore, there were many improvements on medical tools and machines, especially
after the Industrial Revolution. In the 1800s, physicians learned that illnesses were caused by germs and hospitals
began to focus on keeping clean to keep germs away. As a result, nursing came to be thought of as a respectable job.
The 20th century was characterised by new biological treatments such as antibiotics in addition to advancement in
chemistry, genetics and radiography. Arabic medicine has made a major contribution to the development of
pharmacy. It is logical for doctors to discover new drugs while looking for ways to treat their patients. They wrote
about them in booklets about the history of the disease called “al-Mujarrabat”. Subsequently, good and lesser known
drugs were extracted from it. Physicians have tried to use simple medicines to determine the exact effect of the
entered component into the disease. Still, some doctors have prescribed and combined the medications that they
themselves formulated. Today healthcare isn't just about doctors; nurses, physical therapists and technicians are all
part of a large health care system that helps to keep people healthy. Modern medicine is characterised by surgeries,
the use of radiation, microscopy, research and analysis in the detection of disease or ailment by using modern
technological tools. Due to the rapid advance of technology, it is certain that medicine will continue to develop in
ways we have yet to imagine.

Explain the following words:

Consecutive: Mythological: Empirical: Remedies: Purging: Inflammation: Anatomy:

Therapists:

Complete the following sentences with information from the text.

1 The books of Arabic science are not only by Muslim authors, but also ……………………………………………………………… .

2 In ancient times, medicine in Egypt and Mesopotamia was related to ……………………………………………………………… .

3 Medical physicians used bleeding as a successful remedy to ……………………………………………………………… .

4 Medicine will continue to develop as a result of ……………………………………………………………… .

Use the appropriate medical specialist word.

1 Children who have an allergic reaction after the first shot should be referred to a /an …………….. before continuing
with the DTP vaccine.

2 If that itchy rash doesn't go away, you should go to a ……………. .

3 Our …………….. recommended that little Kathy should have her tonsils out.

4 Dr. Rashed, Leila's ……………., came in and noted that her blood pressure and pulse were very high.

5 My father says everything looks blurry, so he is going to the ……………. to get his eyes checked.

6 Robert is an accredited ……………. with herbal medicine and nutritional training.

Over the years, technology has played a significant role in developing the medical science. Advances in medicine have
created alternatives to dangerous or even ineffective procedures. Breakthroughs have found new solutions to
historical medical challenges and have opened up possibilities beyond what doctors thought was impossible years
ago. Today's techniques, surgeries and drugs have decreased the overall deaths among humans. Medical inventions
like X-ray Imaging, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Robotic Surgery and Organ Transplants have
changed medicine forever.

An X-ray is a common imaging test that has been used for decades. It is an image created on a photographic film or
electronically on a digital system, using an external radiation to produce images of the body. X-ray Imaging can help
doctors view the inside of the patient's body without having to make an incision. This can help surgeons diagnose,
monitor and treat many medical conditions.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiography to form pictures of the
anatomy and the physiological-processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to
generate images of the organs in the body. MRI allows to access soft tissues and bone marrow involvement in case of
the inflammation and infection.

Robotic Surgery is usually associated with minimally invasive procedures. During Robotic Surgery, surgeons can
perform very complex steps with more precision, flexibility and control than it is possible with conventional
techniques. Compared to traditional open surgery, Robotic Surgery results in smaller incisions which reduce pain and
lead to less time spent in hospitals and quicker recovery time.

Such an invention can greatly improve the health of patients, allowing them to return to normal activities. Moreover,
doctors have been successfully transplanting various body parts like heart, liver and kidney and have performed
various brain surgeries, too. Besides, artificial heart transplanting has evolved over decades saving countless lives. In
summary, the emerging medical devices and technologies, especially the mobile phones and tiny Nano-sized sensors
embedded in several electronic devices that enable sending and receiving information wirelessly, are changing the
face of 21st century medical practice. Currently, people born with diseases or any other body defects can now be
healed with the help of advanced technology. Furthermore, various advances in medical field have saved millions of
lives and improved many others. The new technologies will allow remote monitoring of patients and their access to
healthcare, health data collection and information exchange with the providers and other patients. Such benefits
would continue to increase with the fast pace development of medical health technologies.

Explain the following words:

Breakthrough: Transplant: Incision: Resonance: Invasive: Precision: Embedded:

Rewrite the following sentences to correct the information from the text.

1. Nowadays deaths among human beings have been increased due to up-to- date medical discoveries.
………………………………………….……………….…………………...… .

2. X-ray techniques require strong radio waves to produce images of the body organs.
………………………………………….……………….…………………...… .

3. During X-ray Imaging, surgeons have to make an incision to view the patient's body.
………………………………………….……………….…………………...… .

4. Like Robotic Surgeries, traditional surgeries are operated with precision and flexibility.
………………………………………….……………….…………………...… .

5. The fast pace development of medical health technologies would stop monitoring of patients remotely.

………………………………………………………………………………….. .

Phrasal verbs
Underline the phrasal verbs and explain their meaning:

1 The rich have to reach out to the poor.

2 She didn’t really fit in with her workmates in her previous job.

3 I got into writing when I was a kid, and I just never stopped loving it.

4 We’ve been talking about this project for a while, and it’s time to follow it through.

5 If you run into any trouble, just give me a call.

6 A big part of my job is keeping up with the latest research in medical technology.

Use the suitable phrasal verb in the correct form to complete the sentences.

Get into run into keep up with follow through fit in reach out to

1. I can always …………………… you if you feel tired with your school work.

2. When I travelled to Spain, I tried hard to …………………… with the locals.

3. The group had one successful song but failed to …………………… with another hit record.

4. Nowadays, students can …………………… the latest news by using the Internet.

5. She has been …………………… yoga recently.

6. Our company has …………………… financial difficulties this month.

Homophones
Choose the correct word between brackets.

1 Which (way / weigh) should we use to (way / weigh) the goods?

2 No one knows (weather / whether) the (weather / whether) will be fine tomorrow.

3 The cyclist (road / rode) his bike and set off quickly on the (road / rode).

4 The man is enjoying his time with his (son / sun) on the beach under the (son / sun).

5 I only (eight/ ate) a sandwich at (eight / ate) before I went to bed.

6 The teacher asked the students to (right / write) down the (right / write) answer.

7 We usually (by/ buy) our food from a shop (by / buy) the corner.

8 I wanted to sit (here / hear) to be able to (here / hear) the speech well.

Choose the appropriate homophones between brackets to complete the meaning.

1. When teaching my daughter how to drive, I told her if she didn’t hit the (break, brake) in time she would (break,
brake) the car’s side mirror.

2. If you (cell, sell) rotten food, you will get arrested and end up in a prison (cell, sell).

3. To bake a (flour, flower)-shaped cake, you’ll need some (flour, flower).

4. I wanted to sit (here, hear), so I could (here, hear) the singer performing without any distractions.

5. We have one (our, hour) before (our, hour) appointment with the real estate agent.

6. The (night, knight) is on his way to the castle, but traveling at (night, knight) is very dangerous.

7. My little brother feels excited every time he (seas, sees) a (sea, see) turtle.

8. My (sun, son) is 13 years old. He likes to spend time outside in the (sun, son).

9. I don’t know (whether, weather) to bring a jacket or not. The (whether, weather) looks unpredictable today.

Idioms
Replace the underlined phrases with the correct form of the suitable idiom

1 His efforts didn’t work at all; there is a little hope for his project to be successful in the future.

2 “If you get a high score on your math test, you can go to the party,” said her parents.

3 I think we are making a lot of progress. Our team has won ten out of our twelve matches this season.

4 Don’t support someone you know he always fails. I think he will lose the match.

5 Thousands of young people become part of the unemployed each summer when they leave school.

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the idioms

1. If you study hard enough, you will be able to …..…………………. with no troubles.

2. You really ………………..……. when you picked that swimmer to win the race.

3. I didn’t get the results I was hoping for in my exams. My dream of going to Cambridge University ……………..………. .

4. In a few years our company should be able to …..…………………. the world’s most developed nations.

5. This is our fifth win in the game! We are …………..………….. . If we keep this up, we are sure to make it to the state
championship game!
Replace the words in italics in 1-6 with the correct form of the medical idioms below:

a taste of one's own medicine at death's door on the mend take a turn for the worse
go under the knife just what the doctor ordered

1 After a long season of hard work, getting on extra week off is what is needed.

2 My uncle got sicker suddenly last night, so we are heading to the hospital to see him.

3 It was miraculous that the little girl fully recovered because she was very close to death with sepsis and pneumonia.

4 I don't understand how people have a surgery for really risky cosmetic procedures.

5 We were so happy to hear that your father is back home now and becoming well again.

6 I used to write rude comments on Instagram, but I got treated badly when I created my own account.

1. Don't worry. It's a minor procedure and you'll be ………………… within a week.

2. I drove all night to reach the hospital because they told me my mother was …..………….... .

3. My kids just left for three weeks of camp and it's ………..…..…. .

4. Even when you …………… and went into a coma, I never lost hope you'd fully recover one day.

5. My grandfather is ………….. tomorrow, so we'll need to be at the hospital to support my grandmother.

6. She always teases everyone and now that her father is in jail she is getting ……………

Tenses
If the Present Continuous form is correct, put a tick . If it’s wrong, either change the spelling or change it to the
Present Simple as necessary.

Hi, How are you geting .………… on, Simon? We’re thinking .………… it’s great here. Everyone is having .… a good time.
I’m siting (1) .……………. in the Nile Hotel. John is swimming (2) .……………. in the pool. Sally is lying (3) .……………. in the
sun, and Jane is shopping! (4) .……………. . We’re liking (5) .……………. Egypt. We’re all relaxing. (6) .…………….What are
you doing? Are you working hard (7).……………. at the moment? I’m knowning (8).……………. your exams start
tomorrow. Good luck! Is it raining (9).……………. in England? The sun is shining (10).……………. here, of course! I’m
learning (11).……………. a bit of Arabic, but not very much. I’m understanding (12).……………. some of the things that
people say, but only if I repeat them many times. Hope to hear from you soon!

Complete the dialogues using the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple.

1 A (2) …………………………….. (you/ ever/ win) a competition? B Yes, I (3) …………………………….. (win) a writing
competition in 2006.

2 A Is that a new tab? B Yes, I (4) …………………………. (just / buy) it. A How long (5) …………………………. (you / use) a
computer? B I’ve been using a computer for at least three years. Maybe longer.

3 A So, Jack is your best friend. (6) ………………………… (you/ meet) him when you were at university? B Yes, we (7)
…………………………….. (be) friends for more than ten years.

Put the verbs in the correct tense:

1 A few weeks ago, a woman ______ to report a robbery at her house. (call)

2 It happened at four in the afternoon when she ______ news on TV. (watch)

3 The burglar _____ in through the front door______ the woman’s handbag, _____ it out and _____ her purse.
(come, pick up, empty, steal)

4 Times were hard and the family _____ for some time. (struggle)
5 When she came into the room, the burglar _____. (leave)

Suzan's husband is missing. A policeman is interviewing her about last Saturday afternoon. Complete the conversation
using the Past Simple or the Past Continuous of the words in brackets.

Policeman: What time did you wake up (you / wake up)?

Suzan: At about ten o’clock.

Policeman: And what ………………………….. (you / do) after you woke up?

Suzan: I watched news on TV.

Policeman: Did anything happen while ……………………… (you / watch) TV?

Suzan: Yes, the phone ……………………… (ring).

Policeman: What ………………… (you / do) when your husband came home?

Suzan: I ……………….. (prepare) lunch when he came.

Policeman: Did you and your husband stay at home on that day?

Suzan: No, we …………………… (drink) coffee. Then, I ………………… (put on) my raincoat, and we ……………… (go out) at six
o’clock.

Policeman: Why …………………… (you / put) your raincoat on?

Suzan: Because it ……………………… (rain), of course.

Fill in the gaps with a verb from the box in the Past Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous. (buy,
discuss, develop, not take, make, feel, work)

1 She …………………….. as a waitress for three years when he met her.

2 He …………………….. all the ingredients he needed from the supermarket and then went home to make her birthday
cake.

3 Henry did very well in his exams, which was a shock because he ……………… an exam before.

4 Scientists announced the launch of the new drug last week. They ……………… it for five years.

5 By the time I got to the meeting they …………………….. the important issues and they …………………….. the big decisions
without me. I ………………….. annoyed that they hadn’t waited for me.

This is Jane’s first letter in English to David. There are some mistakes in it. Cross out the incorrect forms and correct
them. Put a tick  if the form of the verb is correct.

Dear David, I live........... in a large flat in Madrid. I’m having have two sisters. They are called Mary and Rose. We are
getting up (1) ……………….. at seven o’clock every morning, and we have (2) ……………….. coffee. I leave (3) ………………..
the flat at eight and walk to the university. I am finishing (4) ……………….. classes at five, and I arrive (5)………………..
home at six. This month I work (6) ……………….. very hard for my first exams. At the moment, I eat (7) ………………..
breakfast in the kitchen of our flat, my mother drinks (8) ……………….. coffee, and my sisters are reading (9)………………..
magazines. On Saturday afternoons, I am playing (10)……………….. tennis with my friends, or I go (11) ……………….. to
the cinema. Today, I’m going to see an English film! Sometimes I watch American films on TV, but I’m not
understanding (12) ……………….. the words! Are you liking (13) ……………….. Films?

With best wishes,

Jane

Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple or present perfect.
Lucy: …………………………. (you ever go) to Canada? Ella: Yes, I (1) …………………………. (go) there last year. Lucy: (2)
…………………………. (you like) it? Ella: Yes, I (3) …………………………. (enjoy) the trip a lot. Lucy: What (4) ………………………….
(you do) there? Ella: I (5)…………………………. (visit) Niagara Falls and Stanley Park. (6)…………………………. (you go) to
Canada before, Lucy? Lucy: No, but I (7) …………………………. (book) a holiday there. I’ve got my ticket and I’m going
next week!

Put the verbs in brackets in the right form. Use the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous.

1 A: Excuse me. ……………………… (someone leave) this mobile here? B: I don’t know. I ……………………… (sit) here all
afternoon, but I ……………………… (not notice) it until now.

2 A: Excuse me. ……………………… (you stand) in this queue for a long time? B: Yes, I ……………………… (queue) for almost
an hour.

3 A: Why are you crying? B: Because my brother ……………………… (have) an accident. He …………………… (break) both of
his legs.

Fill in the gaps with the Past Simple or Past Continuous from the verbs in brackets.

I 1 ………………. (have) a wonderful biology teacher, Mrs. Wilson. She 2 ………………. (make) us excited about the subject
because she was so interested herself. I remember one lesson in particular; we 3 ………………. (study) different types of
plants, and Mrs. Wilson 4 ………………. (describe) the types of the flower. She 5 ………………. (pick up) a white flower,
which was tulip, and then suddenly we 6 ………………. (notice) that she 7 ………………. (cry)! She 8 ………………. (apologise)
and 9 …………………. (say) that sometimes nature was so beautiful that it just made her cry! We 10 ………………. (not/
know) what to do at first, but it certainly made us think. Somehow her enthusiasm 11………………. (inspire) me, and I
12…………………. (start) to like biology.

Read the sentences below. There are some mistakes. Cross out the incorrect forms and write in the correct form. Put a
tick  if the form of the verb is correct.

1. The lecture started had started by the time they got there.

2. They went on a big tour of Britain. First, they stayed ............ in London for a few days. Then they were
visiting…………… Cambridge. They went …………… to Cambridge before, but they liked it so much that they had
decided………………. to go back.

3. I looked terrible when I saw…………… Joe last night because I had been running…………… for over an hour and I was
exhausted.

4. When I heard ……………………. the noise at the window, I knew that someone tried ……………………. to break into the
house.

5. I knew her because I had been visiting ……………………. her several times.

6. The program that was stopped had been working ……………. well since 1945.

Complete the following sentences using the suitable past tense forms.

1. When I arrived,

2. Maha was playing the guitar when

3. By the time the boss left his office,

4. The enemy retreated to the sea after

5. He had been speaking for an hour before

Fill in the gaps with the correct passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

1 I'm sorry this office is so dirty, but it …………. (can’t / clean) until tomorrow morning.

2 These clothes……………. (design) for daily use, so you can wear them wherever you want.
3 Many offices of large companies …..……. (build) in the town centre recently.

4 All the goods that were purchased yesterday have defects, so they ……………. (send) back to the manufacturer right
now.

5 Camera footage shows that illegal goods ……………. (smuggle) into the warehouse last week.

6 The poor bird ……………. (capture) and all its efforts to escape from the trap were in vain.

7 The hotel near our office was closed because it ………………. (renovate) by the owner.

8 Your car is a death trap. It ……………… (should / send) to the scrap years ago.

Change the following sentences into passive.

1 My neighbour disappeared six months ago. I haven't seen him since then.
……………………………………………………………………………………. .

2 The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.
……………………………………………………………………………………. .

3 Police officers were examining the evidence when the lights went out.
……………………………………………………………………………………. .

4 The committee asked me some difficult questions in the interview yesterday.

……………………………………………………………………………………. .

5 Sami's parents must have brought him up to be more polite.

……………………………………………………………………………………. .

6 Before the interview, the owner had already offered me the job at his bank.
……………………………………………………………………………………. .

Change the following sentences into passive as in the example.

1. The workers buried tons of rocks and earth under the railway line.
……………………………………………………………………………….…… .

2. Farmers cut 1500 square kilometeres of rainforests every year.

……………………………..………………………………………..…………… .

3. Environmentalists are debating a critical issue around the world.

…………………………………………..…………………………..…………… .

4. The professor is showing his students the results of his research in the laboratory now.
……….……………………………………………………………..…………… .

5. The government will pay Dr. Mahmoud 20 million Syrian pounds for his great invention.
……………………………………………………………………..…………… .

6. The secretary has told the manager some bad news about the new project.
……………………………………………………………………..…………… .

7. The teacher was asking us a very difficult question when the school bell rang.
……………………………………………………………………..…………… .

Change the following questions using the passive voice.

1. When is he going to pay the taxes? …………………………………………………………… .

2. How much do they spend on these activities? …………………………………………………………… .

3. Will you pay the fine tomorrow? …………………………………………………………… .

4. Has anybody shown you what to do? …………………………………………………………… .

5. Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell down? …………………………………………………………… .