Assignment

PART A – FLUID PROPERTIES
1.34 If 1 cup of cream having a density of 1005 kg/m3 is turned into 3 cups of whipped cream,
determine the specific gravity and specific weight of the whipped cream
1.42 The helium-filled blimp shown in Fig. P1.42 is used at various athletic events. Determine the
number of pounds of helium within it if its volume is 68,000 ft3 and the temperature and pressure are
80 °F and 14.2 psia, respectively.
1.65 A layer of water flows down an inclined fixed surface with the velocity profile shown in Fig. P1.65.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the shearing stress that the water exerts on the fixed surface
for U = 2m/s and H = 0.1m
1.86 Jet airliners typically fly at altitudes between approximately 0 to 40,000 ft. Make use of the data in
Appendix C to show on a graph how the speed of sound varies over this range.
Altitude, ft Temp..0F Temp..0R C, ft/s

0 59 519 1116
5000 41.17 501.17 1097
10000 23.36 483.36 1077
15000 5.55 465.55 1057
20000 -12.26 447.74 1037
25000 -30.05 429.95 1016
30000 -47.83 412.17 995
35000 -65.61 394.39 973
40000 -69.7 390.3 986
1150 1116
1097
speed of sound, ft/s
1100 1077
1057
1037
1050 1016
995 986
1000 973
950
900
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Altitude, ft
1.89 When a fluid flows through a sharp bend, low pressures may develop in localized regions of the
bend. Estimate the minimum absolute pressure 1in psi2 that can develop without causing cavitation if
the fluid water at 1600F
1.98 To measure the water depth in a large open tank with opaque walls, an open vertical glass tube is
attached to the side of the tank. The height of the water column in the tube is then used as a measure of
the depth of water in the tank.
(a) For a true water depth in the tank of 3 ft, make use of Eq. 1.22 (with) to determine the percent error
due to capillarity as the diameter of the glass tube is changed. Assume a water temperature of 80 0F.
Show your results on a graph of percent error versus tube diameter, D, in the range
(b) If you want the error to be less than 1%, what is the smallest tube diameter allowed?
PART B – FLUID STATICS
Question 1 (16 Marks
(a) Define the terms static pressure, dynamic pressure and

stagnation pressure.
(b)Two pipes (shown below) are connected by a manometer

as in the figure given. Determine the pressure difference, 𝑝𝐴 −
𝑝𝐵, between the pipes.
Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain the term hydrostatic pressure, with the help of diagrams,
indicating the different types of surfaces that hydrostatic pressure
can be applied on, giving examples of each.
(b)An open tank (shown below) has a vertical partition and on one
side contains gasoline with a density 𝜌 = 700 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 at a depth of 4
m. A rectangular gate that is 4 m high and 2 m wide, and hinged at
one end is located in the partition. Water is slowly added to the
empty side of the tank. At what depth, h, will the gate start to
open?
Hydrostatic forces on Plane Surfaces
A rectangular gate 1.20 m. wide and 3.66 m. length wise rests against a smooth wall at A. It is hinged at B
located at 5.2 m. below the water surface. A is 2.92 m. to the right of B and 2.2 m. above B.
(a) Calculate the force on the gate due to sea

water pressure (𝛾𝑐 = 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3),
(b) The horizontal force exerted by the wall at

point A, and
(c) Calculate the reaction at hinge

QUESTION 4 (9 Marks)
Hydrostatic forces on curved surfaces
A 3m diameter open cylindrical tank contains water and has a hemispherical bottom as shown.
Determine;
(a) The magnitude of the force of the water on the curved bottom.
(b)The Line of action of the force of the water on the curved bottom.
(c) The Direction of the force of the water on the curved bottom.
(a) Define the terms, Buoyant force, Metacenter, Center of gravity

and the Centre of Buoyancy.
(b)A tank (shown below) of cross-sectional area, A, is filled with a

liquid of specific weight 𝛾1, as in
(a). Show that when a cylinder of specific weight 𝛾2 and volume ⩝

is floated in the liquid, as in
(b), the liquid level rises by an amount ∆ℎ = (𝛾2 𝛾1) ⩝/𝐴

Buoyancy A block of wood 0.6 𝑚 × 0.6 𝑚 × "h" meters in dimension was thrown into water, and it floats
with 0.8 m. projecting above the water surface. The same block was thrown into a container of a liquid
having a sp.gr. of 0.9 and it floats with 0.14 cm. projecting above the liquid surface.
(a) Find the value of “h”.
(b)Calculate the specific gravity of the lock.
(c) Determine the weight of the block

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PART A – FLUID PROPERTIES

Altitude, ft Temp..0F Temp..0R C, ft/s

Question 1 (16 Marks

(a) Define the terms static pressure, dynamic pressure and

(b)Two pipes (shown below) are connected by a manometer

Hydrostatic forces on Plane Surfaces

(a) Calculate the force on the gate due to sea

(b) The horizontal force exerted by the wall at

(c) Calculate the reaction at hinge

Hydrostatic forces on curved surfaces

(a) Define the terms, Buoyant force, Metacenter, Center of gravity

(b)A tank (shown below) of cross-sectional area, A, is filled with a

(a). Show that when a cylinder of specific weight 𝛾2 and volume ⩝

(b), the liquid level rises by an amount ∆ℎ = (𝛾2 𝛾1) ⩝/𝐴

(a) Find the value of “h”.

(b)Calculate the specific gravity of the lock.

(c) Determine the weight of the block

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