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1. What is Animation? Write the types of animation.
Animation is the process of creating the illusion of motion by displaying a series of

images or frames in sequence. It can be used in film, television, video games, and other
media to bring characters, objects, or scenes to life.
Types of Animation:
i. Traditional Animation: Drawings are created frame by frame.

ii. Stop Motion Animation: Objects are physically manipulated in small increments
between frames.
iii. 2D Animation: Digital software is used to create 2D characters and backgrounds.
iv. 3D Animation: Digital models are created and animated in a 3D space.
v. Motion Graphics: Combines text, graphics, and animations, often used in marketing
and advertising.
2. What is Rotoscoping?
Rotoscoping is a technique where animators trace over live-action footage frame by

frame to create realistic animation. It is commonly used to create lifelike movements,
incorporate live-action actors into animated scenes, or add effects to existing footage.
3. What is HDRI?
HDRI (High Dynamic Range Imaging) is a technique that captures a broader range of
light and color intensity than standard imaging. It is often used in photography and 3D
graphics to create more realistic lighting and reflections.
4. Define BRDF.
BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is a mathematical function

that describes how light is reflected at an opaque surface. It defines the relationship between
incoming light and its reflection, accounting for the angle of incidence and reflection. This
concept is used in computer graphics to simulate realistic material appearances.
5. Mention the two types of Scaled models and give examples for each.
Scaled models are miniaturized representations of larger objects or environments. The

two main types are:
Architectural Models: Used to represent buildings or structures in a smaller scale for design
and presentation purposes.
Example: A model of a city skyline.
Scale Models in Entertainment: Often used in film and television to create miniature sets
or special effects.
Example: A scaled-down spaceship in a science fiction film.
6. Write the steps involved in formation of Animatronics.
Animatronics involves creating robotic or mechanical devices to simulate life-like

movements in creatures or characters. Steps in the process include:
i. Concept Design: Develop a concept for the animatronic character.

ii. Engineering and Mechanism Design: Create the internal structure and mechanics to
enable movement.
iii. Fabrication: Construct the mechanical parts and body structure.
iv. Assembly: Combine mechanical components with outer shells and skins.
v. Control Systems: Develop systems to control movements, such as electronics and
programming.
vi. Testing and Calibration: Test the animatronic's movements and refine as needed.
7. Write the 7 steps of digital matte painting.
Digital matte painting is used to create detailed backgrounds or landscapes in digital

media. The seven steps are:
i. Concept Design: Create an initial concept or sketch.

ii. Reference Gathering: Collect references for color, texture, and composition.
iii. Blocking Out: Establish basic shapes and forms in the composition.
iv. Painting and Detailing: Add detailed elements like textures, lighting, and shadows.
v. Integration with 3D Models: Combine matte painting with 3D elements, if needed.
vi. Final Adjustments: Make final tweaks to color and lighting for consistency.
8. What are the challenges of character rigging?
Character rigging involves creating a skeleton or structure to control the movement of

a character in animation. Challenges include:
i. Complexity of Movement: Ensuring the rig allows for natural and realistic
movements.
ii. Flexibility and Versatility: Creating a rig that can be easily adapted and modified.
iii. Skinning and Weight Painting: Properly assigning weights to ensure smooth
deformations.
iv. User-Friendly Controls: Designing intuitive controls for animators to use.
v. Performance Optimization: Ensuring the rig does not slow down the animation
process.
vi. Compatibility: Making the rig work across different software platforms or animation
pipelines.
9. Write a note on compositing.
Compositing is the process of combining multiple visual elements into a single

cohesive image or scene. It is a key technique in film, television, and digital media.
Compositing allows filmmakers to layer different components, such as 2D and 3D
animations, special effects, and live-action footage. It often involves techniques like keying,
rotoscoping, matte painting, and color correction to ensure a seamless blend. Compositing
software like Adobe After Effects or Nuke is commonly used for these tasks.
10. List the usage of GIMP.
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free and open-source image editing
software. It offers a range of functionalities for various purposes, including:
i. Photo Editing and Retouching: Editing and enhancing photographs.

ii. Graphic Design: Creating digital artwork, logos, and illustrations.
iii. Image Conversion and Manipulation: Converting between different image formats
and manipulating images.
iv. Digital Painting: Creating digital artwork from scratch.
v. Compositing: Combining multiple images or layers into a single composition.
vi. Image Analysis: Analyzing and processing images for various applications.
vii. Animation Creation: Creating simple animations and GIFs.

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1. What is Animation? Write the types of animation.

Animation is the process of creating the illusion of motion by displaying a series of

i. Traditional Animation: Drawings are created frame by frame.

Rotoscoping is a technique where animators trace over live-action footage frame by

BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is a mathematical function

Scaled models are miniaturized representations of larger objects or environments. The

Example: A model of a city skyline.

6. Write the steps involved in formation of Animatronics.

Animatronics involves creating robotic or mechanical devices to simulate life-like

i. Concept Design: Develop a concept for the animatronic character.

7. Write the 7 steps of digital matte painting.

Digital matte painting is used to create detailed backgrounds or landscapes in digital

i. Concept Design: Create an initial concept or sketch.

8. What are the challenges of character rigging?

Character rigging involves creating a skeleton or structure to control the movement of

Compositing is the process of combining multiple visual elements into a single

10. List the usage of GIMP.

i. Photo Editing and Retouching: Editing and enhancing photographs.

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