Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POLYTECHNIC SMS
RESULT DISSEMINATION
(SOFTWARE ALSO AVAILABLE)
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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that this project work, “Design and Implementation of Polytechnic SMS
Result Dissemination”, was written by Student’s Name with Registration number Your
Matric / Registration Number and has been read and approved for the award of (Degree, ND, or
HND) in the department of (Your Department), Your School (SIAS, SBMT, SHSS), Institution
Address.
………………………………… ………………………….
Project Supervisor’s Name DATE
(Project Supervisor)
………………………………… ………………………….
Your HOD’s Name DATE
(Head of Department)
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DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who help to
make life a pleasant experience.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department
(Name of your HOD) and the Lecturers in the department of (Your Department) for their moral
support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful
to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you
all for everything, Thank you very much.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the Study
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Limitation of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Overview of Result Notification System
2.3 Libraries and Mobile Technology
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2.4 SMS Technology
2.5 Result Processing and Associated Concepts
2.5.1 Processing
2.5.2 Problems Associated with Data Processing
2.5.3 Formats of Result
2.6 Computer Systems and Result Processing
2.6.1 Result Processing Stages
2.6.2 Modes of Result Dissemination and Processing
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Methodology Adopted
3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
3.2.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System
3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
3.3 Feasibility Study
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
3.3.2 Technical Feasibility
3.3.3 Operational Feasibility
3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System
3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
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3.4.3 Justification of the Proposed System
3.5 Functional Requirements
3.5.1 Use Case Diagram of the Admin / User Privileges
3.6 Data Requirements
3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Objectives of the Design
4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
4.4 System Specification and Design
4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
4.4.3 Data Dictionary
4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
4.6 Program Documentation
4.7 Implementation Techniques
4.8 Programming Module Specification
4.8.1 Installation
4.8.2 Security Design Specification
4.8.3 System Architecture
4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
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4.10 Software Requirement
4.11 Personnel / User Training
4.12 File Maintenance Module
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”
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ABSTRACT
SMS is a mobile technology that allows for sending and receiving text or even binary messages
to and from a mobile phone. The relative ease of use of SMS makes it possible for a user to learn
how to send SMS easily. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Polytechnic SMS
Result Dissemination System that will be highly efficient for the process of retrieving necessary
information pertaining to every relevant notification about the student results. In achieving this
aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software
that will send and receive SMS from all kind of phones from all networks and notify users when
they make an invalid request. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed
system is that there is lack of proper mode of result dissemination in Nigerian polytechnics
students are facing challenges viewing their results after examination. They have to come to
school and struggle in the notice board to view a result which is eventually torn or gets missing,
making the students that are not there on time to start looking for their results. The methodology
adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which
is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object
throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS,
JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used
is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. The study is significant
has it helps to integrate modern day technology to the university system. It gives and improves
key indications on developing an electronic information system. The expected result is a
computerized Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination System that will provide more flexibility, by
allowing many result checking options and functions 24hrs a day, removing the restrictions as to
when students can check result.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
how to send SMS easily. Computers with the power of the Internet have succeeded in aiding
communication among people. The telephone system, which is the main communication system
that was invented several years ago, has undergone a great improvement, so much that today we
have fixed wireless phones, mobile phones, and the like. With the rapid development of mobile
phones come several services, like the Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS), which are readily available and add to the usefulness of mobile
phones. SMS in particular is widely used in communication and, more recently, has been
leveraged to provide several services like airline ticketing, banking services, and commercial
services such as share and sell where subscribers can easily share and/or sell airtime (Mavrakis,
2004).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this
study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of
the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitation of the study and
Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of the Study
People are living in the era of information revolution, with a lot of devices such as computers
and mobile devices sprouting everywhere thereby making it easy for information to be
communicated, and the education sector is not left out in this growing development. Computers
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and mobile phones have become an unavoidable part of our lives. There are a lot of things which
we can do with these technologies. With the rapid development of mobile phones come several
services like the Short Messaging Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and
others, which are readily available and add to the usefulness of mobile phones. The availability
of such communication mediums in any institution makes it possible for information to be passed
on to students as soon as they are available.
SMS result dissemination system is a system that can be used to overcome the limitations most
of our institutions of higher learning face in making the examination results and grades available
to students. The major advantage this system offers is that students can receive valuable
information on the fly, easily and conveniently. SMS play a major role in the implementation of
this system. SMS have become important services today due to their usefulness in conveying
information from one place to another in a very fast and easy way (Olusanya and Onazi, 2015).
Till today, especially in the developing countries like Nigeria, there still exists the problem of
checking examination results as students throng to notice boards in anxiety, although most
universities, even those in the less developed countries, now make examination results available
on their websites. The level of Internet availability in less developed countries is still low and
quite expensive. Even in the developed countries, where most homes have Internet access, SMS
is still a faster and cheaper means of disseminating examination results as well as other
information.
Pramsane and Sanjaya (2006) stated that universities and polytechnics could provide educational
services based on SMS, such as grade release, enrollment information, university announcement,
and internship opportunity. An advantage SMS offers is that students can receive valuable
information on the fly without requesting it. More than 160 billion SMSs are exchanged each
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month in European countries (Mavrakis, 2004), and according to Resource Shelf (2006), 48.7
billion SMS messages were sent in the second half of 2005, which is up 50% from the six
months before that. The major advantage of SMS is its cost effectiveness and availability, as
most individuals own a phone.
The result checking system not only allows student to request grades, it provides the result as
soon as they as become available. This is done by pushing the result to the students (sending it to
their phones) or working on a request sent from a student to produce the result (pulling). There
are two methods of SMS widely used in applications; they are the PUSH & PULL. This
application can either be used to push or pull messages.
A Push SMS application is one whereby a message is sent from the application to the user. It is a
one-way message. In other words, it is the mobile application (in this case, the SMS result
checking application) that initiates a message. An example could be a school that automatically
sends examination results to the students and their parents/sponsors as soon as the grades become
available. The users do not request the grades, do not take any action, and are not charged for
receiving the SMS. The SMS would be delivered to them in a matter of seconds regardless of
where they are, as long as their mobile phone is within their network operator's coverage.
A Pull SMS application, on the other hand, is one whereby a user sends a request and obtains a
reply from the application. This is a full duplex scenario. An example is when a student requests
for his/her grades for a recently concluded semester. The proposed system offers both the PULL
and PUSH functionality making it even more efficient and easier for speculating and anxious
students.
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1.3 Statement of the Problem
Investigation revealed that due to the lack of proper mode of result dissemination in Nigerian
polytechnics students are facing challenges viewing their results after examination. They have to
come to school and struggle in the notice board to view a result which is eventually torn or gets
missing, making the students that are not there on time to start looking for their results. Although
most polytechnics have online portals from which the students can check their result from, but
considering the extremely slow and costly internet access can be a discouraging factor for
student using this medium.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to design and implement a Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination
System that will be highly efficient for the process of retrieving necessary information pertaining
to every relevant notification about the student results. In achieving this aim, the following
specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will:
1. Send and receive SMS from all kind of phones from all networks;
2. Notify users when they make an invalid request;
3. Provide more flexibility, by allowing many result checking options;
4. Be relatively ease customization; and
5. Functions 24hrs a day, removing the restrictions as to when students can check result.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study is significant has it helps to integrate modern day technology to the university system.
It gives and improves key indications on developing an electronic information system. The
project is quite significant in its nature because of the various advantages mobile technology
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poses; in the design of the system it keeps student abreast of instant notification about their
results and other relevant information.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of this research focuses on the Design and Implementation of Polytechnic SMS Result
Dissemination. This research will cover only the department of Computer Science in Federal
Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to
school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher
not to implement some necessary features.
2. Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs
are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of
information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them
time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was
reduced.
3. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the
study.
4. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure
sustainable power.
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5. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in
sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data
collection (internet).
1.8 Definition of Terms
SMS: It stands for Short Message Service and is also commonly referred/called to as text
message. With SMS, you can send a message of up to 160 characters to another device.
MMS: It stands for Multimedia Messaging service and this type of text messaging is an
evolution of the SMS. With a MMS, you can send message in including pictures,. Video, or
audio content to another device.
Alert: It is a notification that a threshold has been reached.
HTML CODE: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a type of computer
language that is primarily used for files that are posted on the internet and viewed by web
browsers. HTML files can also be sent via email.
Push Notification: A push notification is a message that pops up on a mobile device. App
publishers can send them at any time; users don’t have to be in the app or using their devices to
receive them.
Web browser: A Web browser is a software program that interprets the coding language of the
World Wide Web in graphic form, displaying the translation rather than the coding. This allows
anyone to “browse the Web” by simple point and click navigation, bypassing the need to know
commands used in software languages.
TCP/IP: This often used but little understood set of operations stands for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol. TCP/IP is the combination of the two and describes the set of
protocols that allows hosts to connect to the Internet. In actuality, TCP/IP is a combination of
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``more than those two protocols, but the TCP and IP parts of TCP/IP are the main ones and the
only ones to become part of the acronym that describes the operations involved.
WWW: acronym for World Wide Web.
SMS Gateway: Allows a computer to send or receive Short Message Service (SMS)
transmissions to or from a telecommunications network. Most messages are eventually routed
into the mobile phone networks.
HTML: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web
pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.
PHP: Is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a
general-purpose programming language.
AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, a technique used in web application development.
JAVASCRIPT: Is an interpreted computer programming language. As part of web browsers,
implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser,
communication between user and the browser.
Automation: this is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need
for human work in the production of goods and services.
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current
knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It
documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in
the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the Overview of Result
Notification System, Libraries and Mobile Technology, SMS Technology, Result Processing and
Associated Concepts, and Computer Systems and Result Processing.
2.2 Overview of Result Notification System
Historically, notification system start in 1970’s with the use of fax for documentation
transmission (Glantz, 2003). It evolves into electronic mail, most commonly referred to as email
or e-mail approximately in 1992 (Glantz, 2003). It is a method of exchanging digital message
from an author to one or more recipients. Some early email system required that the author and
the recipient both be online at the same time in common with instant messaging. Today’s email
systems are based on a store and forward model. (Rathore, 2006 ). Emails servers accept,
forward, deliver and store the massage, neither the user nor their computer are required to be
online simultaneously. They need to be connected on briefly, typically to an email system for as
long as it takes to send and receive the massage. According to BBC (2002) the first SMS
message was sent over the Vodafone
GSM network in the United Kingdom on 3 December 1992, from Neil Papworth of Sema Group,
UK (now Airwide Solutions) using a personal computer to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone using an
Orbitel 901 handset. The text of the message was "Merry Christmas". Modern short message
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services (SMS), text messaging is understood to be massaging from one mobile phone to other
mobile phone (Alomari, 2008). RADIOLLNJA became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person short message services (SMS), in 1994. Today’s, text massaging is the most
widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile phone users worldwide.(Alomari,
2008). With the invention of electronic mail (email) and short message services (SMS), it
brought about notification system where email and short message services (SMS), can be used to
send alert to individual to inform them about event, meeting and emergency etc.
SMS-based transaction alerts system is a system proposed and design by C.F de Villiers (2010).
The system is used in the banking sector to alert users about their daily transaction through short
messaging service (SMS). Transaction alerts in the context of this system refers to push short
messaging service (SMS). That is send to the bank customer which notifies them about an event
in their account (Edem and Ogban, 2014). Modern mobile telephony has produced a number of
path breaking applications. But among the various applications and services, text messaging is
still the universal platform for the masses. Among the various facilities available within the
mobile communication system, SMS (Short Message Service) is the oldest and most used till
date. This is basically because it does not require special downloads as it is already available on
all the mobile phones (Pope et al., 2009). Infographic mobile growth statistics show that close to
8 trillion text messages were sent in 2011 alone. This shows the versatility of Short Message
Services. SMS technology evolved out of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications
standard, an internationally accepted cell phone network specification which the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute created (Brown 2007). SMS messages are sent and
received through a Short Message Service Center (SMSC) which acts as the transmitter of SMSs.
The SMSC are capable of sending and receiving messages up to 140 characters. In most of the
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countries when an SMS is sent, it is sent to applications or services addressed to a short code
instead of a standard phone number (Brown, 2007).
Most Institutions make use of a web based platform to provide Examination results to their
students when it is available; this is a common practice by various Universities. The students
provide certain information before they are able to access their results as this provides protection
from unauthorized access. Web based platforms (websites) are readily available platforms and
can provide various options such as saving and printing. But this platform becomes inaccessible
if the user has no access to the internet. Web based Result Alert System is a good options in a
country where internet is readily available, but in a country where internet services are poor, it
can be inconvenient and expensive. Students would have to visit a cyber café and pay to gain
access to their results.
The real impetus for the mobile devices started with the arrival of web 2.0 applications especially
the active participation of the user towards the web which has pushed the growth of mobile
devices in academic institutions. When we look at the different gadgets used around us it’s
obvious to note most of them are wireless. “Everywhere we go we cannot help but notice the
number of mobile devices being used; cell phones, ipods, ipads, android devices, MP3 players,
GPS systems, blackberries and even mini-laptops”. Jacobs (2009) observes that “mobile access is
the remediation of wireless internet”.
Libraries which play an integral part in the dissemination of information have always tried to use
the opportunities created by technologies to provide innovative services to its users. Starting
from the advent of microprocessors in libraries each technological milestone has created new and
innovative services in the library realms. The latest innovations are the use of mobile
technologies in library services.
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There are several approaches to send an SMS message from a computer to recipients. The
message can be sent from a computer with a mobile phone or a GSM/GPRS modem, or it can be
sent from a computer to the SMS center or SMS gateway of a wireless carrier, then, to the
recipients. The former has slow transmission speed (about 6 messages per minute), while the
later is very fast, but it involves more network wiring and routing.
Considering SMS alert messages will only be sent when there are triggers, its traffic will be
small in general. In order to send alert messages from the SMS server with more reliability,
GSM/GPRS wireless modem will be selected, which allows the use of computer with AT
commands to control the modem to send the alert messages directly (Wavecom, 2004). This
technology of sending information through mobile application is not limited to the academic
sector, it caught across several sectors like financial sector, health sector etc. Murthy (2008)
explores primary health-care management for the rural population. A solution proposes the use
of the mobile web-technologies in providing the PHC services to the rural population. The
system involves the use of SMS and cell phone technology for information management,
transactional exchange and personal communication.
2.3 Libraries and Mobile Technology
With the tremendous growth of mobile communication technology the expectation and interest
among the students and staff to use mobile technology especially for library related applications
are generally on the raise. An exhaustive literature search proves that in the past several years a
number of mobile technologies related projects for teaching and learning were reported in
various literatures. Walsh (2009) in his text messaging article refers to a number of small-scale
and pilot projects centered on mobile learning but most of them were experimental projects and
have not yet been brought to the mainstream learning environment. Imhmed (2009) refers to
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Parent Alert System (PAS) via SMS for campus facilities which make use of Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) which also shows the pitfalls in the system that require in-depth
investigation. Thinking specifically for libraries, Simon so observes that libraries can better reach
out and serve students by sending and receiving SMS-based library information (So, S., 2009).
It’s a strong belief amongst librarians that there are a number of areas in library services which
can be better reached by SMS-based messages. Basic information alerts such as notices of book
reservations, and renewals and overdue reminders are well suited for this communication
medium.
Among the various mobile applications and services, one mobile service which has taken the
library community by storm is SMS (Short Message Service). The SMS based alert service
offered by the Hong Kong Institute of Education (Hkied, 2012) is an important mobile based
information service for libraries. Kroski (2012) in his article “On the move with Mobile web”
refers to Library SMS Notification system used at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign. This system provides notifications by text messaging to its users when in-depth
reference service were solicited from the librarians. Hill and Sherman (2007) reports extended
text messaging reference which can text SMS messages to and receive answers from librarians at
Southeastern Louisiana University. Custom-made services such as AltaRama’s Reference by
SMS Service (www.altarama.com) or Mosio’s Text a Librarian (www.mosio.com) are successful
commercial applications which have provided excellent SMS based library services. For many
libraries texting is used to complement the different other reference services currently offered by
their institution such as in-person, email, phone and chat (Murray 2010).
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2.4 SMS Technology
Modern mobile telephony has produced a number of path breaking applications. But among the
various applications and services, text messaging is still the universal platform for the masses.
Among the various facilities available within the mobile communication system, SMS (Short
Message Service) is the oldest and most used till date. This is basically because it does not
require special downloads as it is already available on all the mobile phones (Pope et al., 2009).
Infographic mobile growth statistics show that close to 8 trillion text messages were sent in 2011
alone. This shows the versatility of Short Message Services. SMS technology evolved out of the
Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications standard, an internationally accepted cell
phone network specification which the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
created (Brown 2007). SMS messages are sent and received through a Short Message Service
Center (SMSC) which acts as the transmitter of SMSs. The SMSC are capable of sending and
receiving messages up to 140 characters. In most of the countries when an SMS is sent, it is sent
to applications or services addressed to a short code instead of a standard phone number (Brown,
2007).
2.5 Result Processing and Associated Concepts
2.5.1 Processing
Practically all naturally occurring processes can be viewed as examples of data processing
systems where "observable" information in the form of pressure, light, etc. are converted by
human observers into electrical signals in the nervous system as the senses we recognize as
touch, sound, and vision. Even the interaction of non-living systems may be viewed in this way
as rudimentary information processing systems. Conventional usage of the terms data processing
and information systems restricts their use to refer to the algorithmic derivations, logical
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deductions, and statistical calculations that recur perennially in general business environments,
rather than in the more expansive sense of all conversions of real-world measurements into real-
world information in, say, an organic biological system. The importance of high-speed data
processing and communication to modern society and economy can scarcely be exaggerated.
Thomas Friedman, in The World is Flat (Farrar, 2005) argues that they have wrought a more
profound revolution change in communication and trade than did the Gutenberg printing press
and have changed the world permanently in far less time. The proliferation of PCs, PDAs and
cellular communications, the ubiquity of the internet and the accelerating development of
software that allows all of these technologies to interact on a common communication
framework have “flattened” our world, in Friedman’s parlance, by literally erasing the
significance of geography and national boundaries in the conduct of commerce and trade.
Together with the emergence of the leadership and management practices to take advantages of
these “flatteners”, and the collapse of political and economic barriers that accompanied the end
of the cold war, what Friedman calls the “triple convergence” has literally “changed everything”.
Friedman’s observations are supported by the words of the CEO of Hewlett Packard, that the
world is entering “an era in which technology will literally transform every aspect of business,
every aspect of life and every aspect of society.
2.5.2 Problems Associated with Data Processing
There are problems with data processing with respect to Computer. The problems are the same as
those problems encountered when using Computer. The major problem is hardware failure which
may be caused by power (supply of current).
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2.5.3 Formats of Result
Result must be communicated to the person who wishes to use it. It can be communicated in a
number of ways for example:
a. By word of mouth (e.g. telephone) by sight (e.g. witnessing or observing something) even by
touch, smell or taste.
b. On paper
i. as a report
ii. as a set of figures
iii. as a diagram or chart
iv. as a photography or picture
c. In a form that is not human sensible that in a form that humans cannot use without the help of
a computer or special equipment. Microfilm and microfiche are examples of this and computer
files of magnetic disks, or magnetic tapes are others. The communication of the information
would, in these cases, be communications between machines and humans would then have to use
a machine such as a computer or microfilm reader to obtain access to the information they want.
Information and organization are unified. Information is communicated so that decisions can be
taken.
2.6 Computer Systems and Result Processing
Computers are key features of the electronic office, and it is important to be aware of the reasons
why they process information better than a manual system.
The functions of computers in information or data or result processing include:
1. To process information or result more quickly.
2. To handle bigger volumes of processing.
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3. To undertake complex processing.
4. To process information more reliably i.e. with less chance of error mistakes.
5. To process information at less cost than a manual system.
6. To improve the scope and quality of management information.
2.6.1 Result Processing Stages
Whatever method, or combination of methods, is used it will be seen that result will pass through
the same basic stages in the processing cycles.
The result processing stages are:
 Input (act of receiving result for processing)
 Sorting (arranging result in a desired order to make processing quicker and easier).
 Processing (operating on result in order to obtain desired result).
 Storage (filling away of result for later use).
 Output (result of processing).
 Control (regulating the different result processing functions to ensure that the result is
being processed effectively).
2.6.2 Modes of Result Dissemination and Processing
1. Batch Processing: It is a technique by which items to be processed must be coded and
collected into groups or batches prior to processing. A batch consists of either a convenient
number of records or a collection of records relating to a given period, i.e. daily, weekly,
monthly, etc. accumulated until a sufficient number are present to justify mass updating of
master file.
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2. Real - time Processing: The processing of result in a sufficiently rapid manner so that the
results of the processing are available in time to influence the current activity or process
being monitored or controlled. The processing is applied to the master file as they happen
and result is obtained from the system on demand.
3. On-line Processing: It concerns the equipment which is connected or reengaged and
functioning with the CPU and main program e.g. teletype units, consoles, card-reader, OCR
readers, VDU etc. it is at least a one-way communication between operators at terminal and
the CPU.
4. Time-sharing Processing: The system interacts with many users, giving each of them fast
individual attention on a time slice basis. Multiprogramming is necessary in a time-sharing
system (Murdick, 1971).
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CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Methodology Adopted
The structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) was adopted for the analysis,
design and implementation of this system. Structured systems analysis and design methodology
(SSADM) is a set of standards for systems analysis and application design. It uses a formal
methodical approach to the analysis and design of information systems.
SSADM follows the waterfall life cycle model starting from the feasibility study to the physical
design stage of development. One of the main features of SSADM is the intensive user
involvement in the requirements analysis stage. The users are made to sign off each stage as they
are completed assuring that requirements are met. The users are provided with clear, easily
understandable documentation consisting of various diagrammatic representations of the system.
SSADM breaks up a development project into stages, modules, steps and tasks. The first and
foremost model developed in SSADM is the data model. It is a part of requirements gathering
and consists of well defined stages, steps and products. The techniques used in SSADM are
logical data modeling, data flow modeling and entity behavior modeling.
a) Logical Data Modeling: This involves the process of identifying, modeling and
documenting data as a part of system requirements gathering. The data are classified
further into entities and relationships.
b) Data Flow Modeling: This involves tracking the data flow in an information system. It
clearly analyzes the processes, data stores, external entities and data movement.
c) Entity Behavior Modeling: This involves identifying and documenting the events
influencing each entity and the sequence in which these events happen.
28
3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
The SSADM was used to discover some problems;
a) Feasibility Study: This assumes that the proposed project has been identified as a result of
an exercise such as strategic planning and sets out to evaluate the various technical,
organizational, financial and business options available. The aim is to establish the whether
the direction and requirements of the project are feasible. The aim is to evaluate the
feasibility of the proposal, involving an analysis of the problem and determination of the
best solution; usually a range of potential solutions are presented.
b) Investigation of the Environment: The process of identifying, modeling and documenting
the data requirements of the system being designed. The result is a data model containing
entities (things about which a business needs to record information), attributes (facts about
the entities) and relationships (associations between the entities).
c) Business System Option (BSO): A BSO defines the functional scope of a proposed
solution. At its most basic level it consists of textual descriptions of those requirements
satisfied by the solution. All BSOs must satisfy the minimum requirement as identified by
user representatives.
d) Requirement Certification: Requirement Certificate aims to equip the learner or end user
(client) with the advanced knowledge of project management and will enable the learner to
understand the system requirement to uphold the project management required parameters.
e) Technical System Option (Implementation): There is availability of software, hardware
and technical man power for the development and running of the new system. Hence the
system is technically feasible as the requirement can be met without stress and much
financial input. The software and hardware requirements include an Integrated
29
Development Environment for web based applications, a standard PC for running this
application, a local server and an up to date web browser for testing. As a programmer, the
researcher can provide these requirements with ease and as such, this project is technically
feasible.
f) Logical Design: Technical system options are production and logical design updates and
query processing and system dialogue.
g) Physical Design: physical database design and a set of program specifications Program
specifications are using the logical system specification and the technical system
specification.
3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
The operations of the Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination were analyzed, and some
drawbacks were detected which led to the initiation of the new Polytechnic SMS Result
Dissemination. In the old system, there is lack of proper mode of result dissemination in
Nigerian polytechnics students are facing challenges viewing their results after examination.
They have to come to school and struggle in the notice board to view a result which is eventually
torn or gets missing, making the students that are not there on time to start looking for their
results.
Input Specification
Input specifications describe the types of records within the file, the sequence of the types of
records, the fields within a record, the data within the field, indicators based on the contents of
the fields, control fields, fields used for matching records, and fields used for sequence checking.
For an externally described file, input specifications are optional and can be used to add
functions to the external description.
30
Output Specification
The output from the system designed is generated from the system inputs. These reports can also
be presented as hard copy.
3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
POLYTECHNIC SMS RESULT

DISSEMINATION
Input Analysis Output Analysis
Process Analysis
Fill Result Produce Result
Details Form
Process Request
Opening Account Generate Report
Login to System Process New Account
Validate Login Details
Figure 3.2.1: Dataflow of the Existing System
3.2.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System
Some of the problems identified in the present system include:
1. The speed of processing data manually is low and prone to errors.
2. The current process is stressful to end-users
3. Things done manually were very uncomfortable.
3.2.3 Weakness of the Existing System
The following are the weakness of the existing system;
31
a. Insecurity of students result.
b. Error during computation
c. Loss of result
d. Duplication of result and delay in result processing.
3.3 Feasibility Study
This assumes that the proposed project has been identified as a result of an exercise such as
strategic planning and sets out to evaluate the various technical, organizational, financial and
business options available. The aim is to establish the whether the direction and requirements of
the project are feasible. The aim is to evaluate the feasibility of the proposal, involving an
analysis of the problem and determination of the best solution; usually a range of potential
solutions are presented.
3.3.1 Technical Feasibility
There is availability of software, hardware and technical man power for the development and
running of the new system. Hence the system is technically feasible as the requirement can be
met without stress and much financial input. The software and hardware requirements include an
Integrated Development Environment for web based applications, a standard PC for running this
application, a local server and an up to date web browser for testing. As a programmer, the
researcher can provide these requirements with ease and as such, this project is technically
feasible.
3.3.2 Operational Feasibility
The new system is operationally feasible as it will be used and managed by users who are at least
intermediate computer operators and it doesn’t require an expert knowledge of the system before
32
it can be implemented. Also, the system is designed to be user friendly and efficient; therefore
the project is operationally feasible.
3.3.3 Economic Feasibility
The proposed system is cheap to implement and less expensive to maintain, the economic
challenge might emerge in the purchase of some hardware (such as, a computer system) and
software (such web browser and WAMP Server) requirements which can be easily taken care of,
no much requirements are needed for this system and such the system is economically feasible.
Besides, the proposed could be marketed for other financial gains to similar drug information
services.
3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System
An overview of the proposed system flow chat has a relationship between an object to another
just like the entity. Relationship diagram, the object relationship pair can be graphically
represented by a diagram called entity relationship diagram (Entity Relationship Diagram). It is
mainly used in database applications but now it is more commonly used in data design. The
primary purpose of ERD is to represent the relationship between data object.
33
3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
This is a data flowchart of the proposed system as shown in figure 3.2.
Sends Details Success / Failure
ADMIN TABLE ADMIN
Found / Not Found Login Details
LOGIN ACCOUNT
Found / Not Found Login Details
Success / Failure
SMS TABLE STUDENTS
Success / Failure
Sends Details
Registration Details
REGISTER
Figure 3.2: Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
The following are the advantages of the proposed Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination;
a) The proposed system will send and receive SMS from all kind of phones from all
networks;
b) It will notify users when they make an invalid request;
c) It will provide more flexibility, by allowing many result checking options;
3.4.3 Justification of the Proposed System
Computers with the power of the internet have thrived in aiding communication among people.
The telephone system, which is the main communication system that was invented several years
ago, had undergone a great improvement, so much that today we have fixed wireless phones,
34
mobile phones and the likes. With the rapid development of mobile phones come several
services like the Short Messaging Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and
others, which are readily available and add to the usefulness of mobile phones.
SMS in particular is widely used in communication, and more recently has been leveraged to
provide several services like airline ticketing, banking services, commercial services like share
and sell (an added service provided by MTN Nigeria), where subscribers can easily share and/or
sell airtime, and several others. SMS is a mobile technology that allows for sending and
receiving text or even binary messages to and from a mobile phone. The relative ease of use of
SMS makes it possible for a user to learn how to send SMS easily.
The proposed system is significant has it helps to integrate modern day technology to the
university system. It gives and improves key indications on developing an electronic information
system. The project is quite significant in its nature because of the various advantages mobile
technology poses; in the design of the system it keeps student abreast of instant notification
about their results and other relevant information. To ensure a standardized object oriented
program in its entire ramification, HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP and MYSQL Database was
used in the development of seaport billing software. These entire programs are used to ensure
effective program. The motive behind the use of the language is its compatibility with several
Operating Systems. It is object oriented and combines the feature of hypertext Preprocessor
(PHP) and JavaScript platform thereby making it to run on any Operating System. It is secured in
that it does not cause harm to user’s system and access to information is restricted. The language
is simple and easy to learn.
35
3.5 Functional Requirements
The following figure 3.4 shows the various modules involved in the system and available to
users who have limited access and to the Admin who have full access to the system.
3.5.1 Use Case Diagram of the Admin / User Privileges
Send Result SMS

Notice
Send & Update

Result
Activate Account
Figure 3.3: Use Case diagram of the Admin
ADMIN
View SMS
Check Result
Details
END-USER
Open Account
Figure 3.4: Use Case diagram of the User (Client)
36
3.6 Data Requirements
The following are the data requirements of new and existing users in the system. New users are
required to create an account by providing some necessary information such as:
a) Email Address: The user's email address is required during registration and subsequent
login on the system.
b) Password: The user is required to enter a secured password or pin during registration and
subsequent login on the system
c) User Name: The user is required to enter a nickname which he/she will be addressed as
subsequently for security reasons.
d) Passport: This field contains the photograph or picture of the account holder or system
user.
e) Address: This field contains the address of the system user.
37
3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System
The high level model of the proposed system is illustrated below;
POLYTECHNIC SMS RESULT DISSEMINATION
HOME Admin END-USER (Client)
Send SMS Notice
Open Account
Update/Insert Result
Input Matric No.

Activate / Deactivate
Account
Respond View SMS Result

Details
Login to Portal
System Logout
Figure 3.5: High Level Model of the Proposed System
38
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Objectives of the Design
The following are the objectives of the proposed Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination design;
1. Send and receive SMS from all kind of phones from all networks;
2. Notify users when they make an invalid request;
3. Provide more flexibility, by allowing many result checking options;
4. Be relatively ease customization; and
5. Functions 24hrs a day, removing the restrictions as to when students can check result.
4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
Description: This is a cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
Admin
Insert/Update Validate Process Send SMS Activate /

Record Students’ Result Deactivate Account
Figure 4.1: Admin User Privileges
39
Client
(User)
Open Input Bio-Data View Result Give Feedback

Receive SMS
Account Details
Figure 4.2: Client (User) Privileges
40
4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
Description: This is a control center / overall dataflow diagram
Polytechnic
SMS Result
Dissemination
Input from
keyboard
Process
Result to
Disk Report Screen
Storage (output)
Figure 4.3: Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
41
4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
Description: The diagram below entails the proposed system operation flowchart
User Name
Password
N
Valid User ?
Yes
SMS Result Student

Dissemination Information
Student
Student Registered
Registration
Mark Sheets Students
Process Student Result Error Report
Compute
Student Result
Student Result
Raw Score Senate Format
42
Start
Enter ID
Number
Validate ID No
Input Phone
Number
Answer security
question
B
NO Display
Are answers Error
correct? message
YES
Send SMS
Save
Stop
Figure 4.4: Proposed System Operation Flowchart
43
Flow Chart of the Mobile Web Application
A flowchart is a common type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process showing the
steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. This
diagrammatic representation can give a step by step solution to a given problem. Data is
represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow/direction of flow of data.
Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in
various fields (Wikipedia flow chart 2000).
LOGIN MODULE
Start
Yes
Enter Reg.
No. /
Password
No
Unauthorized User
Figure 4.5: Flowchart of the proposed system
44
b a
Welcome To Result
Invalid Reg. Alert System
No./password
No
Invalid Reg. No.
/ Password Is
password
valid?
Yes
Accepted
Figure 4.6: Flowchart of the proposed system
45
4.4 System Specification and Design
4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
Description: The diagram below entails the Input and Output Specification of the proposed
system.
SMS RESULT DISSEMINATION
User ID:
Enter Phone Number
Password:
Enter Password
Sign In Register Here
Figure 4.5: Input Specification for Login System
Login Successful
Or
Login Unsuccessful
Figure 4.6: Output Specification for Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination
46
4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
The Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination database contains two (2) tables which are country
table and StudentRegister table:
Table 4.1: Country table structure
S/N Field Name Data type Size

1. id Integer 30
2. Country Varchar 100
3. Location Varchar 100
Table 4.2: StudentRegister table structure
S/N Field Name Data type Size

1. id Integer 30
2. Fname Varchar 100
3. Gender Varchar 10
4. address Varchar 1000
5. Studentgrade Varchar 50
6. Smsstatus Varchar 50
7. Photo Varchar 255
8. Pn Varchar 30
9. pass Varchar 100
10. datereg timestamp
47
4.4.3 Data Dictionary
The data dictionary table contains the list of field and their description used in the database table
structure designation.
Table 4.5: SMSResult Data Dictionary
S/N Field Name Description

1. Id This field signifies the unique identification of
the table and it’s a primary key.
2. Contact It contains the phone number of the end-user
3. Pn It contains the phone number of the End-user
4. Country It consist of the list of countries
5. It consist of the list of states within a specific
Location
country
6. Fname It signifies the full name of the End-user
7. Gender It signifies the gender of the End-user
8. Address It signifies the address of the End-user
9. Pass It contains the end-user’s password / pin
10. Datereg Date of registration
4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
To ensure a standardized object oriented program in its entire ramification, HTML, CSS,
JAVASCRIPT, PHP and MYSQL Database was used in the development of Polytechnic SMS
Result Dissemination. These entire programs are used to ensure effective program. The motive
behind the use of the language is its compatibility with several Operating Systems. It is object
oriented and combines the feature of hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and JavaScript platform
thereby making it to run on any Operating System. It is secured in that it does not cause harm to
user’s system and access to information is restricted. The language is simple and easy to learn.
Below is a brief explanation of the programming languages used;
HTML: HTML is a markup language for describing web documents (web pages).
48
1. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
2. A markup language is a set of markup tags
3. HTML documents are described by HTML tags
4. Each HTML tag describes different document content
CSS: stands for Cascading Style Sheet, it describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on
screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple
web pages all at once and External style sheets are stored in CSS files
JAVASCRIPT: JavaScript is the programming language of HTML and the Web. Programming
makes computers do what you want them to do. JavaScript is easy to learn.
Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP): PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for
making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative
to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.
MYSQL: SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. SQL stands for
Structured Query Language, SQL lets you access and manipulate databases, and SQL is an ANSI
(American National Standards Institute) standard. SQL can perform the following task;
1. SQL can execute queries against a database
2. SQL can retrieve data from a database
3. SQL can insert records in a database
4. SQL can update records in a database
5. SQL can delete records from a database
6. SQL can create new databases
7. SQL can create new tables in a database
8. SQL can create stored procedures in a database
49
9. SQL can create views in a database
10. SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
4.6 Program Documentation
The main purpose of program documentation is to describe the design of your program. The
documentation also provides the framework in which to place the code. As coding progresses,
the code is inserted into the framework already created by the program documentation. The
following was documented for the successful implementation of the software;
a) README file which contains a brief description of the project, installation instructions, a
short example/tutorial,
b) Document your code which comprises application of coding conventions, such as file
organization, comments, naming conventions, programming practices, etc.
c) Version of the files along with the major edits you did in each version
4.7 Implementation Techniques
The software Implementation is a process carried out to make changes on the tested programs
developed in the system. The software will be installed successfully if the hardware requirement
and the software requirement are available. The following phase contains how the software was
implemented successfully;
1) Coding: The coding system has been developed to meet the following main objectives;
 Send and receive SMS from all kind of phones from all networks;
 Notify users when they make an invalid request;
 Provide more flexibility, by allowing many result checking options;
 Be relatively ease customization; and
 Functions 24hrs a day, removing the restrictions as to when students can check result.
50
2) File conversion: During file setup it is necessary to convert the existing master file to a new
page. This new form is the responsibility of the newly designed, which undergoes the process of
converting the old system master file to a new one.
System Conversion is a transformation process stage in system implementation at which the
newly designed system is put in place of the old system by the organization after been tested and
documented to prove that it is working. It is a significant milestone after which the ownership of
the system if been officially transferred from the researcher (analyst) and the programmer to the
end user.
The under listed are various system conversion briefly described to enable the implementation
process.
a) Parallel System of Conversion: This takes place simultaneously at the same time, runs
between the old and new system until probably the new system is completely put in place
and the old system discarded.
b) Direct System of Conversion: This takes place automatically at a time over a short period
of time. It saves cost, manages time and enhances fast operation but finds to a high risk of
failure without new system comparability.
3) Changeover Procedure:
This is the process of changing from the former or previous system to the new system. In a
changeover procedure, the organization change from the existing system to new system. This can
be done in one of the following ways:
a) Parallel Changeover: This is the process of running the two systems simultaneously and
comparing their results until the new system proves satisfactory; after which the use of the
new system would be commenced.
51
b) Direct Changeover: This is the case whereby the new system replaced the old system
immediately after development and when it must have proved successful. This procedure
may be drastic if the new system fails.
c) Phased Changeover: In phased changeover method, the system usually starts with one
unit or department of the organization. The advantage is that the organization would avoid
losses in case it (the new system) fails.
4) Commissioning: This is the process of ensuring that installed systems are functionally tested
and capable of being operated and conform to the design intention.
4.8 Programming Module Specification
Programming module specification follows successful implementation and incorporates also
evaluation of the system in order to give the desired or necessary improvement. It includes
monitoring the process of the other stages of system development to ensure that the development
plan and objective are being accomplished. There are three types of system maintenance which
include;
a) Corrective Maintenance: This covers maintenance, which is needed to put right coding
errors and other faults, which may be introduced into the software. It include, the routine
“debugging” of newly produced or recently amended code and emergency error correction
in response to report faults.
b) Adaptive Maintenance: This covers the changes which are made to the software to meet
new or changed circumstances, such as restructuring of a database, alternatives in
operating procedures and changes to hardware or software versions.
c) Preventive Maintenance: This covers attempts to make the software perform more
effectively. It includes user requests for enhancement, improvement due to experience,

52
changes to make the software more easy to use and rewrite the code to make the
maintenance that is specifically used for the new system to reduce its chances of breakages.
4.8.1 Installation
The following are the steps required for the installation of the new Polytechnic SMS Result
Dissemination.
Installing Software from the CD Drive or Flash Drive
Step 1: Insert and Open you Compact Disk (CD)
Step 2: Copy the “sms-result-dissemination” folder and paste in your WAMP server Path to
Paste the folder: C:\wamp\www\
Step 3: Turn on your Window Apache MySQL and PHP (WAMP Server 2.4)
Step 4: Open your browser e.g Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome.
Step 5: Type in this URL below on your address bar of your browser
localhost/phpmyadmin/
Step 6: Ensure the username is root and password is empty before clicking on Go button
Step 7: Click on Import and Browse your computer to search for smsresult.sql
Path: C: \wamp\www\sms-result-dissemination\db
Step 8: Click and open on smsresult.sql, then click on Go button below the import page.
Step 9: Type in this URL below to execute the Software
127.0.0.1/sms-result-dissemination/
Step 10: You’re done
Re-Executing the Software after Installation
Step 1: Start your WAMP Server
Step 2: Open your browser and type in the URL below and click enter
53
127.0.0.1/sms-result-dissemination/
4.8.2 Security Design Specification
The security design specification is an authentication system that required a valid password to be
input before using the proposed system. Below is a diagram of the Security Design
Specification:
Start
Input Login Details
Is No
Yes
Login = Valid
?
DISPLAY MAIN MENU
Stop
Figure 4.7: Security Design Specification
4.8.3 System Architecture
A system architecture or systems architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure,
behavior, and more views of a system. An architecture description is a formal description and
representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and
behaviors of the system. A system architecture can consist of system components and the sub-
54
systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall system. Proposed
Application Software Architecture:
Back End
Front End
Sends Data
Packer
Serve
Receives Data r
Packer Database
Figure 4.8: System Architecture
4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
The software designed needed the following hardware for an effective operation of the newly
designed system.
a) A system running on AMD, Pentium 2 or higher processor
b) The random access memory (ram) should be at least 512mb.
c) Enhanced keyboard.
d) At least 20 GB hard disk.
e) V.G.A or a colored monitor.
4.10 Software Requirement
The software requirements include:
a) A Windows XP operating system or higher version for faster processing
b) MySQL database
c) Apache web server
d) PHP 5.6+ runtime environment
55
4.11 Personnel / User Training
Before the user can use the software, it is necessary to give a thorough training on how to use the
software. It is also important to note that the users of the software are the operators. Training
involves the tutorials, lectures or other methods used to make the users to understand how to use
and maintain the software program. The following steps would help train and guide the users on
how to use the program effectively:
a) Follow the instruction as in the software installation above
b) Right click on the Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination Software and copy to the
installed WAMP server
c) If successful, click on your browser and type in 127.0.0.1/sms-result-dissemination
d) Enter the security password and click on login
e) Enter the main menu, select any of the submenus you want and continue
f) After performing necessary actions on the submenu, exit the program from the browser
close button
4.12 File Maintenance Module
File Maintenance module follows successful implementation and incorporates also evaluation of
the system in order to give the desired or necessary improvement. It includes monitoring the
process of the other stages of system development to ensure that the development plan and
objective are being accomplished.
There are three types of system maintenance which include;
a) Corrective Maintenance: This covers maintenance, which is needed to put right coding
errors and other faults, which may be introduced into the software. It include, the routine
56
“debugging” of newly produced or recently amended code and emergency error correction
in response to report faults.
b) Adaptive Maintenance: This covers the changes which are made to the software to meet
new or changed circumstances, such as restructuring of a database, alternatives in operating
procedures and changes to hardware or software versions.
c) Preventive Maintenance: This covers attempts to make the software perform more
effectively. It includes user requests for enhancement, improvement due to experience,
changes to make the software more easy to use and rewrite the code to make the
maintenance that is specifically used for the new system to reduce its chances of breakages.
57
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on the Design and Implementation
of Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected
for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this
chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits
in addressing the Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination.
5.2 Summary
how to send SMS easily. Computers with the power of the Internet have succeeded in aiding
communication among people. The telephone system, which is the main communication system
that was invented several years ago, has undergone a great improvement, so much that today we
have fixed wireless phones, mobile phones, and the like. With the rapid development of mobile
phones come several services, like the Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS), which are readily available and add to the usefulness of mobile
phones (Mavrakis, 2004).
The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that there is lack of
proper mode of result dissemination in Nigerian polytechnics students are facing challenges
viewing their results after examination. They have to come to school and struggle in the notice
board to view a result which is eventually torn or gets missing, making the students that are not
there on time to start looking for their results.
58
The aim of the study is to design and implement a Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination
System that will be highly efficient for the process of retrieving necessary information pertaining
to every relevant notification about the student results. In achieving this aim, the following
specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will send and
receive SMS from all kind of phones from all networks and notify users when they make an
invalid request.
The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology
(SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by
applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used
is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming
languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. The
study is significant has it helps to integrate modern day technology to the university system. It
gives and improves key indications on developing an electronic information system. The
expected result is a computerized Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination System that will
provide more flexibility, by allowing many result checking options and functions 24hrs a day,
removing the restrictions as to when students can check result.
5.3 Conclusion
In essence, the research work was successfully researched to meet the objectives set at the
beginning of the project work. While one cannot completely rule out one form of limitation or
the other, it was a success to a greater extent. On the whole, the research has been a worthwhile
exercise. It has afforded the researcher the opportunity to really appraise the situation on the
59
ground and allow one to bring out areas that might need attention for the improvement of the
research work.
5.4 Recommendation
The following are recommendations for further study on this research work;
Only few across the counter information were provided for in the research work, it is strongly
recommended for subsequent researcher to expand the scope of the research work.
60
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63
APPENDIX A
“SOURCE CODE”
<?php $db=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root","","resultalert");
#Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination
/* check connection */
include("../sms-result-dissemination/connect.php"); $studname=mysqli_real_escape_string($db,
$_GET["studname"]); $regno=mysqli_real_escape_string($db,$_GET["regno"]);
$gp=$totalgrade; $remark=$re; $date = date("jS F Y"); if (mysqli_query($db, "INSERT INTO
studresult set studname='".$studname."',regno='".$regno."',gp='".$gp."',remark='".
$remark."',datereg='".$date."'") === TRUE) { #echo "Result Info was saved Successfully"; } ?>
<?php session_start(); include("../sms-result-dissemination/connect.php"); ?> <?php $dept='';
$re=""; $totalgrade=""; if($_GET['dept']){ $dept = $_GET['dept']; } else if($_GET['dept1'])
{ $dept = $_GET['dept1']; } else if($_GET['dept2']){ $dept = $_GET['dept2']; } else
if($_GET['dept3']){ $dept = $_GET['dept3']; } else if($_GET['dept4']){ $dept =
$_GET['dept4']; } else if($_GET['dept5']){ $dept = $_GET['dept5']; } $ref1=0.0; $ref2=0.0;
$res1=''; $res2=0.0; $totalgrade=0.0; $ref1c=0.0; $ref2c=0.0; $res1c=''; $res2c=0.0;
if(empty($_SESSION["user"]) || empty($_GET['studname']) || empty($_GET['regno']) ||
empty($_POST['g1']) || empty($_GET['f1']) || empty($_GET['f2']) || empty($_GET['s1']) ||
empty($_GET['s2']) || empty($_GET['school']) || (empty($dept) && empty($_GET['dept1']) &&
empty($_GET['dept2']) && empty($_GET['dept3']) && empty($_GET['dept4'])))
{ header("Location:../sms-result-dissemination/index.php"); } else{ $i=1; while($i <=
$_GET['f1']){ $ref1= $ref1 + ($_POST['g'.$i.''] * $_POST['c'.$i.'']); $ref1c= $ref1c +
$_POST['c'.$i.'']; $i++; } $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['s1']){ $res1= $res1 + ($_POST['gg'.$i.''] *
$_POST['cc'.$i.'']); $res1c= $res1c + $_POST['cc'.$i.'']; $i++; } $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['f2'])
{ $ref2= $ref2 + ($_POST['g2'.$i.''] * $_POST['c2'.$i.'']); $ref2c= $ref2c + $_POST['c2'.$i.''];
$i++; } $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['s2']){ $res2= $res2 + ($_POST['gg2'.$i.''] * $_POST['cc2'.
$i.'']); $res2c= $res2c + $_POST['cc2'.$i.'']; $i++; } } $totalgrade = (($ref1 / $ref1c) + ($ref2 /
$ref2c) + ($res1 / $res1c) + ($res2 / $res1c)) / 4; if($totalgrade >= 3.5){$re="DESTINCTION";}
else if($totalgrade >= 3.0){$re="UPPER CREDIT";} else if($totalgrade >= 2.5){$re="LOWER
CREDIT";} else{$re="FAILED";} include("../sms-result-dissemination/save.php"); ?> <!
DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> 
<title>Result Alerting Software</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../sms-result-
dissemination/bootstrap/Material Icons.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../sms-result-
dissemination/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../sms-result-
dissemination/bootstrap/w3.css"> <script
src="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../lib/w3.css">
<style type="text/css">.thumb-image{width:120px;position:relative;height:130px;;}</style>
<style> #read{ color:black; text-decoration:none; } #read:hover{ color:#009788; }
#read1{ color:white; text-decoration:none; } #read1:hover{ border:2px solid #ffffff; }
#adtitle{ padding:4px; background-color:#009788; color:#ffffff; } </style> <style> #fname
{ width: 100%; padding: 12px 20px; margin: 8px 0; display: inline-block; border: 1px solid
#ccc; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; } input[type=submit]:hover { background-
color: #45a049; } </style> <style> @media (max-width: 1000px) { #rbar{ display:none; }
64
#cbar{ float:right; width:70% } } @media (max-width: 860px) { #lbar{ display:none; }
#cbar{ float:right; width:100% } } #read{ color:black; text-decoration:none; }
#read:hover{ color:#009788; } #read1{ color:white; text-decoration:none; }
#read1:hover{ border:2px solid #ffffff; } #adtitle{ padding:4px; background-color:#b30086;
color:#ffffff; } </style> <style> .loader { border-radius: 50%; border-top: 20px solid #00b348;
border-bottom: 20px solid #009788; border-left: 20px solid #f3f3f3; border-right: 20px solid
skyblue; width: 100px; height: 100px; -webkit-animation: spin 2s linear infinite; /* Safari */
animation: spin 2s linear 2; float:left; margin:0 auto; font-size:15px; font-weight:bold; } /* Safari
*/ @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-
transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { transform: rotate(0deg); } 100%
{ transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style> </head> <body style="background-color:#f5f5f5;">
<br> <div style='padding:40px;padding-top:0px;width:80%;' class='container-fluid text-center'
id="pirnt"> <div style='padding:40px;padding-top:0px;width:100%;'> <div style='background-
color:#ffffff;width:100%;padding:10px;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-family:times new
roman;'>  <?php $sql81911 = "Select * from studresult WHERE regno='".
$_GET['regno']."' LIMIT 1"; $result81911=mysqli_query($db, $sql81911);
while($row819111=mysqli_fetch_array($result81911)){ $remark=$row819111['gp']; if($remark
>= 3.5){ $remark='DESTINCTION'; } else if($remark >= 3.0){ $remark='UPPER CREDIT'; }
else if($remark >= 2.5){ $remark='LOWER CREDIT'; } else if($remark < 2.5)
{ $remark='PASS'; } else{ $remark='FAIL'; } $lev=""; if($_GET['level'] == "ND2")
{$lev="NATIONAL DIPLOMA";}else{$lev="HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA";} echo"<div
style='border:4px solid
#e65c00;background-image:url(\"../sms-result-dissemination/image/fpi.jpg\");background-
repeat:repeat;'> <table class='table' style='width:100%;'> <tr> <td style='width:25%;'><img
src='../sms-result-dissemination/image/res-log.png' style='width:100%;'/></td> <td style='text-
align:center;font-size:45px;font-weight:bold;color:#068F3F;font-
family:calibri;width:75%;'><div style='margin-left:-100px;'>FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC
ILARO <p style='font-size:25px;'>P.M.B. 50 ILARO, OGUN STATE</p></div></td> </tr>
</table> <div style='padding:10px;'> <div style='padding:10px;'> <div style='float:right;'>Date:
<input readonly='readonly' type='text' style='width:280px;border:0px solid #ffffff;border-
bottom:1px solid #000000;opacity:0.8;' value='".$row819111['datereg']."'></div> <p style='font-
weight:bold;'>Name: <input readonly='readonly' type='text' style='width:320px;border:0px solid
#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;opacity:0.8;' value='".$row819111['studname']."'> </p>
<p style='font-weight:bold;'>Registration No: <input readonly='readonly' type='text'
style='width:250px;border:0px solid #ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;opacity:0.8;'
value='".$row819111['regno']."'><br/></p> <table style='width:100%;'><tr><td style='vertical-
align:top;width:100px;'><p style='font-weight:bold;'>Address:</td><td> <input
readonly='readonly' type='text' style='width:275px;border:0px solid #ffffff;border-bottom:1px
solid #000000;opacity:0.8;' value='".$dept."'><br/> <input readonly='readonly' type='text'
value='FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ILARO'><br/> <input readonly='readonly' type='text'
value='PMB 50 ILARO, OGUN STATE'><br/></p></td></tr></table> </div> <br/> <br/> <div
style='color:#e65c00;font-size:25px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;text-
decoration:underline;'>".$lev." EXAMINATION RESULT</div> <br/> <div style='font-
size:18px;font-family:Lucida Calligraphy;text-align:justify;font-
65
weight:normal;padding:10px;line-height:50px;opacity:0.8;' value='".$dept."'> I have the pleasure
to inform you that you have satisfied the Academic Board requirements for the award of <span
style='font-size:30px;font-weight:bold;font-family:times new roman;'>".$lev."</span> in <input
readonly='readonly' type='text' style='text-align:center;width:300px;border:0px solid
#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;opacity:0.8;height:25px;' value='".$dept."'> at <input
readonly='readonly' type='text' style='text-align:center;width:200px;border:0px solid
#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;opacity:0.8;height:25px;' value='".$re."'> level (CGPA
<input readonly='readonly' type='text' style='text-align:center;width:50px;border:0px solid
#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;opacity:0.8;height:25px;' value='".$totalgrade."'> ) with
effect from <input readonly='readonly' type='text' style='text-
align:center;width:200px;border:0px solid #ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;opacity:0.8;height:25px;' value='".$row819111['datereg']."'> The Diploma will be
conferred on you at the next convocation ceremony. <br/><br/> "; } ?> <table
style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <tr><td style="width:30%;"> Accept Our
congratulations.<br/> ____________________________________ <br/> <b>BRR. A. BOMA
GEORGE <br/>REGISTRAR</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"> <br/> <br/>
<b><i>FPOGB/<?php echo date("d"); ?> </i> </td> <td style="width:30%;"> <br/> <br/> <i><?
php echo" No: ".rand(2999144,9992919); ?></i></b></td> </tr>
<tr> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <table> <tr> <td></td><td></td><td
style="width:50%;"><a style="text-decoration:none;" onclick="backpage()" class="btn btn-
default">Back to Home Page</a></td> <td></td><td></td><td style="width:50%;text-
align:right;"> <a style="text-decoration:none;" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#myModalalert" class="btn btn-danger">Send SMS & E-mail</a> <a style="text-
decoration:none;" onclick="printdoc()" class="btn btn-success">Print Result</a></td> </tr>
</table>   <div class="modal fade" id="myModalalert"
role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog">  <div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-
dismiss="modal">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title"><strong>SMS & E-mail
Result Notification</strong></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Due to SMS
Subscription and Web hosting limitation, the SMS cannot be sent to the student.</p>
<p>Thanks.</p> <p>I.C.T. Management Team</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button
type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Acknowledge</button> </div>
</div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function backpage() { window.location="../sms-result-
dissemination/index.php"; } function printdoc() { $("#pirnt").css("width", "100%"); $
("#pirnt").css("padding", "0"); window.print(); } </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
<script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(".navbar a, div .book").on('click', function(event)
{ event.preventDefault(); var hash = this.hash; $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $
(hash).offset().top }, 900, function(){ window.location.hash = hash; }); }); $
(window).scroll(function() { $(".slideanim").each(function(){ var pos = $(this).offset().top; var
winTop = $(window).scrollTop(); if (pos < winTop + 600) { $
(this).addClass("slide"); } }); }); }) </script> <script
src="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html> <?
php session_start(); session_unset(); session_destroy();?> <!Doctype html> <html> <body> <?
php header("Location:../sms-result-dissemination/index.php"); ?> </body> </html> <?php
session_start(); include("../sms-result-dissemination/connect.php");
if(isset($_POST['loginnow'])){ $PhoneNumber = mysqli_real_escape_string($db,
66
$_POST['contact']); $pass = mysqli_real_escape_string($db,$_POST['pass']); $sql = "SELECT
contact, password FROM register WHERE contact = '$PhoneNumber' and password = '$pass'";
$result = mysqli_query($db,$sql); $row = mysqli_fetch_array($result,MYSQLI_ASSOC);
$count = mysqli_num_rows($result); // If result matched $myusername and $mypassword, table
row must be 1 row if($count == 1 && $row['password'] === $pass) { $_SESSION['user'] =
$PhoneNumber; echo"<script> alert('Login Successful'); </script> "; }else { echo" <script>
alert('Login not Successful');</script> "; } } ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>
 <title>Result Alerting Software</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-
scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/Material
Icons.css"> <link rel="stylesheet"
href="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet"
href="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/w3.css"> <script
src="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../lib/w3.css">
<style type="text/css">.thumb-image{width:120px;position:relative;height:130px;;}</style>
<style> #read{ color:black; text-decoration:none; } #read:hover{ color:#009788; }
#read1{ color:white; text-decoration:none; } #read1:hover{ border:2px solid #ffffff; }
#adtitle{ padding:4px; background-color:#009788; color:#ffffff; } </style> <style> #fname
{ width: 100%; padding: 12px 20px; margin: 8px 0; display: inline-block; border: 1px solid
#ccc; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; } input[type=submit]:hover { background-
color: #45a049; } </style> <style> @media (max-width: 1000px) { #rbar{ display:none; }
#cbar{ float:right; width:70% } } @media (max-width: 860px) { #lbar{ display:none; }
#cbar{ float:right; width:100% } } #read{ color:black; text-decoration:none; }
#read:hover{ color:#009788; } #read1{ color:white; text-decoration:none; }
#read1:hover{ border:2px solid #ffffff; } #adtitle{ padding:4px; background-color:#33cc33;
color:#ffffff; } </style> <style> .loader { border-radius: 50%; border-top: 20px solid #00b348;
border-bottom: 20px solid #009788; border-left: 20px solid #f3f3f3; border-right: 20px solid
skyblue; width: 100px; height: 100px; -webkit-animation: spin 2s linear infinite; /* Safari */
animation: spin 2s linear 2; float:left; margin:0 auto; font-size:15px; font-weight:bold; } /* Safari
*/ @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-
transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { transform: rotate(0deg); } 100%
{ transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style> </head> <body style="background-image:url('../sms-
result-dissemination/image/lab7.jpg');"> <div class="w3-topnav w3-large"
style='position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:1;background-color:#33cc33;color:white;'> <span
style='font-family:algerian;font-weight:bold;font-size:24px;'><img alt='-' src='../sms-result-
dissemination/image/rptg.png' style='width:280px;height:50px;margin-top:0px;' /></span> <div
style='float:right;margin-top:6px;'> <a href="../sms-result-dissemination/index.php" style='font-
size:15px;font-weight:bold;border:2px solid #ffffff;' id='read1'>Result Computation</a> <a
href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal1" style='font-size:15px;font-
weight:bold;' id='read1'>About Us</a> <a href="../sms-result-dissemination/logout.php"
style='font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;' id='read1'>Log Out</a> </div> </div> <br> <br> <br>
 <div class="modal fade" id="myModal1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-
dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button"
class="close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title"><b>ABOUT
US</b></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div style='text-align:justify;'> <br/> <div
67
style="text-align:center;"> <img src="../sms-result-dissemination/image/Federal-
Polytechnic.jpg" style="width:40%;border:2px solid #33cc33;" /> </div> <br/> Welcome to the
world of the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro. The institution was established by law on July 25, 1979
and opened her gates to the public on November 15, 1979. The Polytechnic has since then
acquired the reputation of a quintessential institution educating and training students in five
schools or faculties. These are Engineering, Environmental Studies, Communication and
Information Technology, Management Studies and Pure and Applied Sciences. <br/> </div>
</div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> #cbar{ padding:0px 250px; } @media (max-
width: 1009px) { #cbar{ padding:0px 100px;} } input{ border:1px solid #d3d3d3; margin-
top:10px; } </style> <div style='width:100%;<?php if(empty($_SESSION["user"]))
{ echo"display:none;"; } ?>' id='cbar'> <div style='background-
color:#ffffff;width:100%;padding:10px;text-align:left;border:3px solid #33cc33;border-
radius:10px;'> <div style='text-align:center;width:100%;'><img src='../sms-result-
dissemination/image/rptg.jpg' style='height:100px;'/> <h4><b>RESULT · ALERTING
· WEB-BASED · SOFTWARE</b></h4> <h4 style="font-size:14px;"><b>(A =
4.00, AB = 3.50, B = 3.00, BC = 2.50, C = 2.00, and CD = Carry Over)</b></h4><br/> </div>
<div id="myCarousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" style="margin-top:-20px;">
 <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-
to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-
target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="2"></li> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-
to="3"></li> </ol>  <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div
class="item active"> <img src="../sms-result-dissemination/image/1.jpg"
style="width:100%;height:400px;" alt="Chania"> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="../sms-
result-dissemination/image/2.jpg" style="width:100%;height:400px;" alt="Chania"> </div> <div
class="item"> <img src="../sms-result-dissemination/image/3.jpg"
style="width:100%;height:400px;" alt="Chania"> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="../sms-
result-dissemination/image/en.jpeg" style="width:100%;height:400px;" alt="Chania"> </div>
</div>  <a class="left carousel-control" href="#myCarousel"
role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-
hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-
control" href="#myCarousel" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon
glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a>
</div> <form action='' method="get"> <div style='padding-bottom:10pz;<?php
if(isset($_GET['f1']) && isset($_GET['s1'])){echo"display:none;";} ?>'> <table
style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><label>STUDENT
NAME: <input name="studname" style="width:100%;font-weight:normal;"
placeholder="Student Name" required="required"></label><td> <td style="text-
align:right;"><label>REG NO: <input name="regno" style="width:100%;font-weight:normal;"
placeholder="Reg Number" required="required"></label><td> </tr> </table> </div> <table
style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <tr><td> <div style='<?php if(isset($_GET['f1']) &&
isset($_GET['s1'])){echo"display:none;";} ?>'> <label>SCHOOL</label> <select
name="school" onchange="alertMessage();" required="required" id="select" style="font-
size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php if(isset($_GET['school'])){ echo'<option value="'.
$_GET['school'].'">'.$_GET['school'].'</option>'; } else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?>
<option value="SIAS">SIAS</option> <option value="SBMT">SBMT</option> <option
value="SET">SET</option> <option value="SEDT">SEDT</option> <option
68
value="SHSS">SHSS</option> </select> </div> </td><td> <div style='display:none;' id='sias'>
<label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept" id="dept3" onchange="alertMessage3();"
style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option value="'.
$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; } else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?>
<option value="Microbiology">Microbiology</option> <option
value="Chemistry/Biochemistry">Chemistry/Biochemistry</option> <option value="Computer
Science">Computer Science</option> <option value="Dispencing Opticianry">Dispencing
Opticianry</option> <option value="Environmental Biology">Environmental Biology</option>
<option value="Fisheries">Fisheries</option> <option value="Food Technology">Food
Technology</option> <option value="Hospitality Management">Hospitality
Management</option> <option value="Library Science">Library Science</option> <option
value="Mathematics/Statistics">Mathematics/Statistics</option> <option
value="Pharmaceutical Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</option> <option
value="Physics with Electronics">Physics with Electronics</option> <option value="Science
Laboratory Technology">Science Laboratory Technology</option> </select> </div> <div
style='display:none;' id='sbmt'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept1"
id="dept4" onchange="alertMessage4();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; }
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option
value="Accountancy">Accountancy</option> <option value="Banking and Finance">Banking
and Finance</option> <option value="Business Administration and Management">Business
Administration and Management</option> <option value="Co-operative Economics and
Management">Co-operative Economics and Management</option> <option
value="Marketing">Marketing</option> <option value="Office Technology and
Management">Office Technology and Management</option> <option value="Purchasing and
Supply">Purchasing and Supply</option> <option value="Taxation">Taxation</option>
<option value="Public Administration">Public Administration</option> </select> </div> <div
style='display:none;' id='set'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept2" id="dept5"
onchange="alertMessage5();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="Agricultural
Engineering">Agricultural Engineering</option> <option value="Civil Engineering">Civil
Engineering</option> <option value="Chemical Engineering">Chemical Engineering</option>
<option value="Computer Engineering">Computer Engineering</option> <option
value="Electrical/Electronics">Electrical/Electronics</option> <option value="Mechanical
Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</option> <option value="Mechatronics
Technology">Mechatronics Technology</option> <option value="Petroleum and Mineral
Resources">Petroleum and Mineral Resources</option> <option value="The Dean School of
Engineering Technology">The Dean School of Engineering Technology</option> </select>
</div> <div style='display:none;' id='sedt'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select
name="dept3" id="dept6" onchange="alertMessage6();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;">
<?php if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option
value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; } else{ echo'<option
value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="Architecture">Architecture</option> <option
value="Arts and Design">Arts and Design</option> <option value="Building
Technology">Building Technology</option> <option value="Estate Management">Estate
69
Management</option> <option value="Quantity Surveying">Quantity Surveying</option>
<option value="Surveying and Geoinfomatics">Surveying and Geoinfomatics</option> <option
value="Urban and Regional Planning">Urban and Regional Planning</option> </select> </div>
<div style='display:none;' id='shss'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept4"
id="dept7" onchange="alertMessage7();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="Humanities">Humanities</option>
<option value="Mass Communication">Mass Communication</option> <option value="Social
Sciences">Social Sciences</option> </select> </div> </form> </div> </td> <td> <div
style='display:none;' id='level'> <label>LEVEL</label> <select name="level" id="level"
onchange="alertMessage2();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['level'])){ echo'<option value="'.$_GET['level'].'">'.$_GET['level'].'</option>'; }
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="ND2">ND2</option> <option
value="HND2">HND2</option> </select> </div> </td></tr> </table> <?php
if(empty($_GET['f1']) && empty($_GET['s1'])){ echo' <div style="display:none;text-
align:center;" id="numset"> <br/> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;">
<tr><td>Number of Course Offered in First Semester<br/><span
class="ND1"></span><br/><br/> <select name="f1"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option
value="11">11</option> <option value="12">12</option> <option value="13">13</option>
<option value="14">14</option> <option value="15">15</option> <option
<option value="19">19</option> <option value="20">20</option> </select> </td> <td></td>
<td>Number of Course Offered in Second Semester<br/><span
class="ND2"></span><br/><br/><select name="s1"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
<option value="19">19</option> <option value="20">20</option> </select> </td></tr>
</table> <br/> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <tr><td>Number of Course
Offered in First Semester<br/><span class="ND3"></span><br/><br/><select name="f2">
<option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option>
<option value="20">20</option> </select> </td> <td></td> <td>Number of Course Offered in
Second Semester<br/><span class="ND4"></span><br/><br/><select name="s2"> <option
70
value="20">20</option> </select> </td></tr> <tr> </tr> </table> <div
style="width:100%;margin-top:20px;"> <button type="submit" name="pd" class="btn btn-
success">Process Data</button> </div> </div> '; } ?> </form> <br/> <div
style="color:#212421;"> <?php if(isset($_GET['f1']) && isset($_GET['s1'])){ $sflev='ND1';
if($_GET['level'] == "HND2"){ $sflev='HND1'; } echo' <form action="../sms-result-
dissemination/result.php?studname='.$_GET['studname'].'&regno='.$_GET['regno'].'&f1='.
$_GET['f1'].'&f2='.$_GET['f2'].'&s1='.$_GET['s1'].'&s2='.$_GET['s2'].'&school='.
$_GET['school'].'&dept='.$_GET['dept'].'&dept1='.$_GET['dept1'].'&dept2='.
$_GET['dept2'].'&dept3='.$_GET['dept3'].'&dept4='.$_GET['dept4'].'&level='.$_GET['level'].'"
method="POST"> <h4><b> '.$sflev.' · RESULT ·
PROCESSING</b></h4> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;border:0px;"> <tr
style="border:0px;"> <td style="border:2px solid #d3d3d3;vertical-align:top;"> <label>FIRST
SEMESTER</label> <table class="table" style="width:100%;text-align:center;">
<tr><td><b>COURSES<b></td><td><b>GRADE<b></td><td><b>CREDIT
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['f1']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE
'.$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="g'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
<option value="4.0">A</option> <option value="3.5">AB</option> <option
value="3.0">B</option> <option value="2.5">BC</option> <option value="2.0">C</option>
<option value="CD">CD</option> <option value="E">E</option> <option
value="F">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="c'.$i.'" style="font-
size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } echo'</table> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #d3d3d3;vertical-
align:top;"> <label>SECOND SEMESTER</label> <table class="table"
style="width:100%;text-align:center;">
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['s1']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE
'.$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="gg'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
value="F">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="cc'.$i.'" style="font-
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } } ?> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <?php
if(isset($_GET['f2']) && isset($_GET['s2'])){ echo' <br/> <h4><b> '.$_GET['level'].'
71
· RESULT · PROCESSING</b></h4> <table style="width:100%;text-
align:center;border:0px;"> <tr style="border:0px;"> <td style="border:2px solid
#d3d3d3;vertical-align:top;"> <label>FIRST SEMESTER</label> <table class="table"
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['f2']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE
'.$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="g2'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
value="F">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="c2'.$i.'" style="font-
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } echo'</table> </td> <td style="border:2px solid #d3d3d3;vertical-
align:top;"> <label>SECOND SEMESTER</label> <table class="table"
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['s2']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE
'.$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="gg2'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
value="F">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="cc2'.$i.'" style="font-
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } } ?> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <?php if(isset($_GET['f1'])
&& isset($_GET['s1'])){ echo' <div style="width:100%;margin-top:20px;text-
align:center;padding:10px;"> <button type="submit" name="pd" class="btn btn-
default"style="padding:10px;">Result Alerting Software</button> </div> '; } ?> </form> </div>
</div> </div> <?php if(isset($_SESSION['user']) && $_SESSION['user']!=''){}else{ /* pop alert
*/ echo"<div id='myModal3ajkk' style='position: fixed;background-image:url(\"../sms-result-
dissemination/image/Unicorn-AFF.jpg\");z-index: 1;left: 0;top: 0;width: 100%;height:
100%;overflow: auto;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;z-index:9998;'> <div
style='padding:10px;position:fixed;top:45%;left: 50%;transform:translate(-50%, -
50%);width:400px;'> <div style='background-color:#134776;padding:20px;padding-
top:10px;border-radius:5px;color:#f5f5f5;'> <h4 style='font-weight:bold;margin-
bottom:20px;text-align:center;'><em>Result Alerting Software</em></h4>"; echo' <form
role="form" style="text-align:left;" method="post"> <div class="form-group"> <label
for="email">User ID:</label> <div style="background-color:white;width:100%;" class="form-
control" id="email"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-phone"></span> <input type="text"
name="contact" placeholder="Enter Phone Number" style="border:1px solid #ffffff;margin-top:-
2px;" required="required"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label
72
for="pwd">Password:</label> <div style="background-color:white;width:100%;" class="form-
control" id="email"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-lock"></span> <input type="password"
name="pass" placeholder="Enter Password" style="border:1px solid #ffffff;margin-top:-2px;"
required="required"> </div> </div> <button type="submit" name="loginnow" class="btn btn-
danger" style="width:100%;"> Login to System </button> </form>';
echo"</div></div></div></div>"; /* pop alert end */ } ?> <script> function alertMessage2()
{ var x1= $("#level").find(":selected").text(); if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('numset').style.display='inline'; if(x1 == 'ND2'){ $
('.ND1').html('National Diploma One (ND1)'); $('.ND2').html('National Diploma One (ND1)'); $
('.ND3').html('National Diploma Two (ND2)'); $('.ND4').html('National Diploma Two (ND2)'); }
else if(x1 == 'HND2'){ $('.ND1').html('Higher National Diploma One (HND1)'); $
('.ND2').html('Higher National Diploma One (HND1)'); $('.ND3').html('Higher National
Diploma Two (HND2)'); $('.ND4').html('Higher National Diploma Two (HND2)'); } } }
//section function alertMessage3() { var x1=document.getElementById('dept3').value; if(x1 !=
""){ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage4() { var
x1=document.getElementById('dept4').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage5() { var
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage() { var
x=document.getElementById('select').value; if(x == "SIAS")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('set').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SBMT")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SET")
document.getElementById('set').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SEDT")
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SHSS")
73
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='inline'; } } </script> </div> <footer
class="container fluid text-center" style='background-
color:#33cc33;width:100%;padding:30px;color:white;text-align:center;padding:30px;margin-
top:30px;<?php if(empty($_SESSION["user"])){ echo"display:none;"; } ?>'> <h5><b>Result
Alerting Software</b></h5> <p>All Rights Reserved - © <?php echo date("Y"); ?></p>
</footer> <script src="../sms-result-dissemination/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body> </html>
APPENDIX B
74
“OBJECT PROGRAM”
THE SOFTWARE (OBJECT PROGRAM) IS

AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
75

Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination

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Polytechnic SMS Result Dissemination

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POLYTECHNIC SMS

(SOFTWARE ALSO AVAILABLE)

ACADEMIC RESEARCH MATERIAL

WE ASSIST OUR CUSTOMERS BY PROVIDING QUALITY MATERIALS FOR

THIS MATERIAL IS FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED AS

DO NOT COPY VERBATIM (WORD FOR WORD)

TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPLIED. SEE OUR WEBSITE “TERMS AND

DO NOT COPY THIS MATERIAL VERBATIM.

For more Project Topics and Materials

Project Supervisor’s Name DATE

Your HOD’s Name DATE

make life a pleasant experience.

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department

all for everything, Thank you very much.

1.2 Background of the Study

1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Scope of the Study

1.7 Limitation of the Study

1.8 Definition of Terms

2.2 Overview of Result Notification System

2.3 Libraries and Mobile Technology

2.5 Result Processing and Associated Concepts

2.5.2 Problems Associated with Data Processing

2.5.3 Formats of Result

2.6 Computer Systems and Result Processing

2.6.1 Result Processing Stages

2.6.2 Modes of Result Dissemination and Processing

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Methodology Adopted

3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM

3.2 Analysis of the Existing System

3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System

3.2.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System

3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System

3.3 Feasibility Study

3.3.1 Economic Feasibility

3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

3.3.3 Operational Feasibility

3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System

3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System

3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System

3.5 Functional Requirements

3.5.1 Use Case Diagram of the Admin / User Privileges

3.6 Data Requirements

3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Objectives of the Design

4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model

4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram

4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart

4.4 System Specification and Design

4.4.1 Input and Output Specification

4.4.2 Database Specification and Design

4.4.3 Data Dictionary

4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language

4.6 Program Documentation

4.7 Implementation Techniques