Active Science Workbook 6 (Watermarked)

WORKBOOK
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Name Class
Dr Loo Yoke Leng

Dr Ivan Yow
Teachers and students have FREE access to the online textbook and workbook at
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Terms and conditions:
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● Each purchase of a textbook or workbook is entitled to a 12-month free access respectively, starting
from the first day of the school year. A free access can only be activated once.
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Published by Alston Education Pte Ltd

627A Aljunied Road, #07-03 Biztech Centre, Singapore 389842
[email protected]
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www.alstoneducation.com
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© 2022 Alston Education Pte Ltd

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

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reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted

in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
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permission of the copyright owner.
Version 2023.2
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ISBN 978-981-4437-41-7
Publisher: Sim Wee Chee
www.AlstonDigital.sg
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Contents
Gravity and Respiratory and
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2
Other Forces Circulatory Systems
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Worksheet Worksheet
1 : Is this my mass or my weight? 1 : Breathe in, breathe out
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2:W hat patterns can you see 2 : Pump that blood!
in the Solar System? Consolidation worksheet
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3 : What can forces do to an object? You have a mission!
4 : Does it sink or does it float?
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Consolidation worksheet
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You have a mission!
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Chapter 3 Pathogens and Diseases Chapter 4 Physical Changes
Worksheet E Worksheet
1 : What is making us sick? 1 : Physical changes around us
2 : Fighting pathogens 2 : Physical properties in matter
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Consolidation worksheet 3 : Is it boiling or evaporating?
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You have a mission! Consolidation worksheet

You have a mission!
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Chapter 5 Heat and Electricity

Worksheet
1 : Watch out for the heat!
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2 : Making circuits!
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You have a mission!

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Specimen paper Mid-year Review Paper 53
II Contents
Chapter 7 Chemical Changes
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Chapter 6 Light
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Worksheet Worksheet
1 : Mirror,
mirror on the wall 1 :C
hemical reactions around me
2 : What does the Moon look like? 2:C an you detect that
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3 : Can you catch the fish? chemical change?
Consolidation worksheet Consolidation worksheet
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You have a mission! You have a mission!
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Chapter 9 Rocks and Soil
Chapter 8 Dissolving
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Worksheet
Worksheet
1 : What type of rock am I?
1 :C
ook up a storm!
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2:H ow much and how fast can
I dissolve sugar? 3 : Transforming rocks
Consolidation worksheet 4:A re all soils the same?
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You have a mission! 5 : Which soil is good for my plant?
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79 87
You have a mission!
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Chapter 10 Food Webs Chapter 11 Growing Up and Puberty

Worksheet Worksheet
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1 : Food web 1 : What is happening to my body?

2:H ow does energy flow 2 : Human reproductive system
in a food chain? 3 : Going through menstruation
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3:H ow do human activities Consolidation worksheet

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impact the ecosystem? You have a mission!

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You have a mission! 102 113
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Specimen paper End-of-year Review Paper 1 123
Specimen paper End-of-year Review Paper 2 131
Contents III
Process skills
Basic process skills
Observing Comparing Classifying
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We can compare objects
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We can gather information We can classify objects
around us by observing and events by looking at their and events into groups
using our five senses. similarities and differences. based on their properties.
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Inferring Measuring Communicating Predicting
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We infer something by We measure using We communicate when We predict by
interpreting or explaining tools and scientific we share ideas with our
E making guesses about
our observations. equipment to collect classmates. This can be the outcomes of
information. done through talking, future events.
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drawings, diagrams,
tables and graphs.
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Integrated process skills

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Identifying and Formulating Analysing Evaluating

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controlling hypotheses We can identify the parts We can determine

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variables We can state the of an object or event, the accuracy

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outcome of an and determine a pattern and quality of our

We can change a or relationship between experimental results
experiment that we
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variable to see what these parts. or model.

expect to see.
effect it has on the
experiment. We can
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measure a variable to
describe the outcome.
Other variables are
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kept the same.
IV Process skills
CHAPTER 1
Gravity and Other Forc
es
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Worksheet 1 : Is this my mass or my weight?
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Process skills Observing, Inferring , Predicting
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Ada stands on a weighing scale.
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1 What does the weighing scale measure? Circle. ( Mass / Weight ) [1]
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The reading on the weighing scale is 40 kg. What does this reading show?
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Circle. ( Mass / Weight ) [1]

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3 Describe the difference between weight and mass. [1]

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The strength of gravity on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. What is Ada’s mass and weight
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on Earth? Fill in the units and values below. [4]

Mass ( ______ ) Weight ( ______ )
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If Ada travels to the Moon, what will happen to:

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a Her mass? Explain. [2]

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_____________________________________________________________
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b Her weight? Explain. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
Gravity and Other Forces 1

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Worksheet 2 : What patterns can you see in the Solar System?
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Process skills Inferring, Predicting, Analysing
May collected some information about the planets in the Solar System.
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Distance from the Sun Time it takes to orbit
Planet
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(Millions of km) the Sun (Days)
Mercury 58 88
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108 225
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Earth 150 365
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Mars 687
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778 4333
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Saturn 10759
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Uranus 2873 30687
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4495 60190
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1 From the data given in the table, what can you conclude about
the time taken for a planet to orbit the Sun and the distance of the
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planet from the Sun? [1]

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________________________________________________________________
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2 Complete the table above. [2]

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3 Explain why these planets orbit the Sun. [2]

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________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
2 Chapter 1
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Worksheet 3 : What can forces do to an object?
Process skills Observing, Predicting, Inferring, Analysing
1 Cyrus has a snow sled parked outside his house.
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a What are the forces acting on the snow sled when it is at rest?
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In the diagram below, draw and label the force arrows. [2]
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b The sled is not moving. Using forces, explain why.
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Momo is pulling the sled across the snow.

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a What are the forces acting on the sled? In the diagram above,
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draw and label the force arrows. [2]

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Momo wants the sled to accelerate. Which of the forces needs

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to be increased? [1]
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_____________________________________________________________

c The sled is now moving over a path with many small rocks. Momo
continues to move the sled with the same amount of force.
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How do you think the sled will move now? Circle. [1]
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The sled will ( accelerate / decelerate ).
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ii Explain your answer in i . [1]
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d A moving ball hits the sled at an angle while Momo was moving it.
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What may happen to the sled? [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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e i Momo is making some snowballs to play with Coco. What force is

helping Momo to shape these snowballs? ___________________ [ 1 ]
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ii Momo is now throwing a snowball at Coco. Label the forces that are
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acting on the snowball once it leaves Momo's hand. [3]

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Snowball
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4 Chapter 1
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Worksheet 4 : Does it sink or does it float?
Process skills Comparing, Inferring, Analysing
1 Tim shapes a piece of clay into a ball and drops it in water. The clay ball sinks.
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In terms of forces, explain why the clay ball sinks. [1]
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b Draw and label the forces acting on the clay ball. [2]
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2 Tim shapes another piece of clay into a container.

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a He places the clay container in water and observes that the container
floats.
i In terms of forces, explain why the clay container floats. [1]
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ii Draw and label the forces acting on the clay container. [2]
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Clay
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b Tim now uses a block of metal to shape another container. This metal
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container has the same shape, length, height and width as the clay
container, but it sinks in water.
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What is true about this metal container and the clay container? Circle.
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i The weight of the metal container is ( greater than / less than /

the same as ) the amount of buoyant force acting on it. [1]
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ii The weight of the metal container is likely to be ( greater than /

less than ) the weight of the clay container. [1]
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iii Tim now wants to make a third object. To ensure that this object
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floats, factors that Tim needs to consider are:

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__________ and ________________ of object [2]

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6 Chapter 1
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1 Ada weighs some flour using the weighing scale.
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a What is the reading shown on the weighing scale? [1]
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b What property of the object does the reading in a show? [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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c Ada calculates the weight of the flour. If the Earth's gravity is 9.8 N/kg,
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what is the weight of the flour? Include the units in your answer. [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
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2 Some activities involving forces are shown below.

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a A group of friends are playing Tug-O-War. The applied forces exerted by

both groups are shown by the force arrows in the diagram below.
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Applied forces
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What will happen to the rope? Explain your answer. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
b A chef applied some forces to the dough to make a twisted bun.
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What effect do the forces have on the dough? [1]
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c A boy uses a baseball bat to hit a baseball that is moving towards him.
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What are the two effects his force has on the baseball? [2]
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_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
8 Chapter 1
3 A hot air balloon flies up high in the sky.
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Upthrust
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Weight
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a At a height of 600 m, the balloon is not moving up or down.
Using forces, explain how this happens.
E [1]
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For the balloon to move downwards, which force needs to be reduced?

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Using forces, explain how this allows the hot air balloon to move
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downwards. [2]
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_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
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4 Vera is reading up on the Solar System.

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a Describe the Moon's movement in the Solar System in relation

to Earth. [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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b Vera reads about two other objects in the Solar System. One of them
is a natural satellite of the other. The mass of Object A is about
0.65 x 1024 kg. The mass of Object B is about 1.08 x 1016 kg.
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The mass of
Earth is about 5.92 x 1024 kg.
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Let's take the strength of
gravity on Earth
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as 9.8 N/kg.
A B
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i Which object is more likely to be the natural satellite of the other
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object? Describe how this natural satellite is likely to move. [2]
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A rover is a robotic vehicle that can travel on the surface of planets.

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A rover with a mass of 1000 kg was transported to Object B.

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ii Is the strength of gravity on Object B likely to be smaller or

greater than that on Earth? Explain why. [2]
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iii Predict the weight and mass of this rover on Object B. Circle. [2]
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Weight: ( More than / Less than / Equal to ) 9800 N

Mass: ( More than / Less than / Equal to ) 1000 kg
10 Chapter 1
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Rayner is studying how objects float or sink.

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Object Material Mass (kg) Float or sink

1 Wood 10 Float
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2 Wood 100 Float
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3 Metal 60 Sink
4 Metal 600 Sink
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a Which equipment can he use to find out the mass of each object? [1]
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Using forces, explain why Object 2 floats while Object 4 sinks.
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b
Then, predict the values of the buoyant force acting on each object.
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Take the strength of gravity on Earth to be 9.8 N/kg. [4]
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c Rayner reshapes Object 4 and it can now float on water.

What happened to Object 4's buoyant force after he reshaped it? [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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After carrying out the investigation, Rayner concluded that:

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The greater the mass of an object, the more likely it is to sink.

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Using the information in the table above, do you agree with Rayner?
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Explain your answer. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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You have a mission!
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Process skills Observing, Comparing, Analysing, Evaluating
Let's create a boat that can hold as many marbles as possible!
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Materials:
8 cm by 8 cm aluminium foil
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Marbles
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A bucket of water
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Instructions:
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1 Fold the aluminium foil into the shape of a boat. Place the boat in water.
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Make sure it can float. If it does not, change the shape of the boat until it
can float.
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2 Add a marble to the boat. Continue adding marbles until the boat starts to
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sink. Record the number of marbles it can hold right before it sinks.
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3 Improve the design of your boat by changing its shape. Repeat Step 2.
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Can your improved boat hold more marbles?

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4 Draw the design of your boats and fill in the table below.
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Number of marbles
Design of boat
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it can hold
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12 Chapter 1
CHAPTER 2
Respiratory and Circula
tory Systems
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Worksheet 1 : Breathe in, breathe out
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Process skills Observing, Inferring
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Many vertebrates have a similar respiratory system as humans.
The diagram below shows the respiratory system of a cat and its parts.
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A C
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B
1 Through which body part does the cat use to breathe air in? [1]
________________________________________________________________
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Arrange in the correct order how air travels in the cat’s respiratory
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system after it breathes in. [1]

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________________________________________________________________
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3 Name the parts A, B, C and D. [4]

A: __________ B: __________ C: __________ D: __________
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The diagram below shows Part A and a blood vessel. The arrows show the
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movement of two main gases. Fill in the blanks to name these gases. [2]
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Blood vessel
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 13

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Worksheet 2 : Pump that blood!
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Process skills Observing, Inferring, Analysing
A human circulatory system diagram is shown below. Blood vessels are

represented by A, B, C and D.
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Lungs
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B A
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D Heart C
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Organs in
the body
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1 What is the function of the circulatory system in the body? [1]
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2 What is the function of the heart? [1]

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3 Which blood vessels (A, B, C or D) carry blood that is rich in oxygen? [2]
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________________________________________________________________
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4 Which blood vessels (A, B, C or D) carry blood that is rich in

carbon dioxide? [2]
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5 Name the blood vessels A, B, C and D. [4]

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A: __________ B: __________ C: __________ D: __________

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6 Why is the diagram above called a double circulatory system? Explain using
the arrows shown in the diagram. [1]
________________________________________________________________
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1 Tick (🗸) all the true statements. [1]

Statement True
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Both inhaled and exhaled air contain the same amount of water vapour.
There is more oxygen in exhaled air than inhaled air.
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There is more carbon dioxide in exhaled air than inhaled air.
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There is blood in exhaled air but not in inhaled air.
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2 a Describe how oxygen is transported from the trachea to the blood.
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You may use the helping words below. [7]
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Alveoli Trachea Bronchioles Bronchi Blood vessels
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Air is transported from the ____________ to the ____________, then to
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the ____________. Air then travels from the ____________ to tiny air sacs
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called __________. Oxygen in the air gets transported into the blood in
the ____________wrapped around the ____________.
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b What happens when we breathe in? Complete the sentences below. [ 3 ]

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When we breathe in, the diaphragm moves ____________ and there is

more room for the lungs to expand. The lungs will become ____________
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and air will ____________ the lungs.

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Complete the diagram below by drawing and labelling the movement of

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3 a
oxygen and carbon dioxide using arrows. [4]

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Lungs Heart Other parts of the body

b What are the functions of the arteries, veins and capillaries? [3]
Arteries: ______________________________________________________
Veins: ________________________________________________________
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Capillaries: ___________________________________________________
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4 During a heart attack, the heart does not get enough blood and oxygen,
causing the heart muscles to die. The heart also weakens.
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How will a heart attack affect the oxygen transported to the organs in
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the body? [2]
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________________________________________________________________
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5 Esther measured her heart rate before exercise, during exercise and after
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exercise with a fitness device. She recorded the readings in the table below.
Heart rate
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Activity Time shown on stopwatch (min)

(Beats per minute)
Rest 0 55
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Running 2 60
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Running 4 85
Running 6 102
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Running 8 110
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Rest 10 120
Rest 12 78
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Rest 14 65
Rest 16 56
Rest 18 A
16 Chapter 2
She plotted her readings in a line graph below.
Heart rate 140

130
(Beats per
120
minute) 110
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100
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90
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70
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60
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40
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
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Time shown on stopwatch (min)
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a What happened to Esther’s heart rate when she started exercising?
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Use information from the table to support your answer. [2]
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b Explain your answer in a . [2]

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_____________________________________________________________
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c What happened to Esther’s heart rate when she stopped exercising?

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Use information from the table to support your answer. [2]

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d Predict what happens to Esther’s heart rate at A. Explain why. [2]

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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Dolphins are marine mammals that have similar respiratory and circulatory
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systems to ours. The diagram below shows the respiratory and circulatory
systems of a dolphin. Oxygen is transported from Organs 1 to 4, then to the
rest of the dolphin’s body.
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a Identify Organs 1 to 4 using the helping words below. [4]

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Blowhole Heart Lungs Trachea
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1: __________ 2: __________ 3: __________ 4: __________

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b Using your knowledge of the human’s respiratory system, state one

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similarity and one difference between a dolphin’s and our respiratory

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systems. [2]
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Similarity: ____________________________________________________
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Difference: ___________________________________________________
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c Studies have found that dolphins have a lower heart rate than humans
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when they dive. What can you say about how blood is pumped around a
dolphin's body compared to a human's body? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
18 Chapter 2
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You have a mission!
Process skills Inferring, Communicating, Predicting, Analysing, Evaluating
Aim: To understand how nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide move around
the body using a model.
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Instructions:
1 Get into groups. Each group will represent one of the following organs:
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Nose Arteries
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Trachea Veins
Lungs Muscles
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Heart Brain
Small intestine
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2 Pass balls of different colours from one group (organ) to another to show
how nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide move around the body. The blue
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balls represent carbon dioxide, the red balls represent oxygen and the
green balls represent nutrients. E
3 In the box below, draw and label how you have arranged yourselves and
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show how the balls move.
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Questions:
1 What happens to the movement of nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide
when we:
a Exercise?
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_____________________________________________________________
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Which part of your
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b Study? body do you use to
think?
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________________________________________
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________________________________________
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During sleep, our breathing rate and heart rate decrease slightly. What can
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you infer about the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in our blood
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when we sleep?
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________________________________________________________________
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3 Is the model a good representation of the circulatory and respiratory

systems in our body? Why or why not?
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________________________________________________________________
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20 Chapter 2
CHAPTER 3
Pathogens and Disease
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Worksheet 1 : What is making us sick?
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1 Pathogens can cause diseases in humans.
a What are some types of pathogens and the diseases they can cause?
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Complete the table below. [4]
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Type of pathogen One example of disease
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Bacteria
Malaria
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Athlete’s foot
Virus
b
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Name one way bacteria can be transmitted to humans. [1]
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c Name one way malaria is transmitted to humans. [1]

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_____________________________________________________________
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2 For some diseases, it is important to wear face masks to reduce the

transmission of viruses from one person to another.
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a How does a face mask help to reduce the transmission of viruses? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Pathogens and Diseases 21

b Other than wearing a face mask, name one other way that can help to
reduce the transmission of viruses. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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3 Diseases like malaria are transmitted to humans through insects such
as mosquitoes.
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a Due to their ability to carry and transmit a pathogen, what are these
insects called? E [1]
_____________________________________________________________
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b Describe two ways to reduce the chances of getting bitten by an

infected mosquito. [2]
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1. ___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
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2. ___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
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c What can you do to stop mosquitoes from breeding in your

surroundings? [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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d How will stopping mosquitoes from breeding help reduce the

transmission of malaria? [2]
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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
22 Chapter 3
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Worksheet 2 : Fighting pathogens
Process skills Observing, Inferring, Predicting
The skin is one of our body’s first lines of defence against infection caused
by pathogens.
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1 How does the skin protect us from pathogens? [1]
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2 Tim has accidentally scraped his leg during his physical education class.
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Wound
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What may happen if he does not clean his wound? [1]

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________________________________________________________________
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part from the skin, our body has other defence mechanisms to fight against
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infections.
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3 Name the secretion in the stomach that provides protection against

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pathogens found in contaminated food. How does it do so? [2]

yr
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
op
C
4 Name the secretion that helps to trap and kill pathogens that
enter the body. Which part of the body secretes this? [2]
________________________________________________________________

kboo
k
or
W
1 Colin has the common cold. After coughing, Colin touches surfaces
around him.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
a Using the above information, how is the common cold virus likely to be
transmitted? Explain why. [2]
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
ls
b After coughing, what should Colin do to prevent spreading the virus

to others? [1]
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
20
2 An unknown virus, X, has broken out in a small town, causing several
human deaths.
t
The mayor advised everyone to practise good hygiene and protect

h
themselves by wearing a face mask and washing their hands frequently.

ig
a Based on the suggestions by the mayor, infer two ways Virus X

yr
transmits from one person to another. [2]

1. ___________________________________________________________
op
2. ___________________________________________________________
C
b What does Virus X need to survive and reproduce? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
24 Chapter 3
3 Ticks are insect vectors that can cause Lyme disease. They can transmit
the disease-causing bacteria through bites. The picture below shows a tick
feeding on a human.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
a Using the above information, can Lyme disease be directly
transmitted from one person to another?
E [1]
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
b Identify the pathogen that causes Lyme disease. After the tick bites
ls
the person, where does the pathogen go to? [2]

A
_____________________________________________________________
23
c Which physical barrier of the human body is overcome by the tick as

20
shown in the picture above? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
Ticks are usually found in places with trees and grass. They usually feed on
animals such as rabbits, birds and mice.
yr
d How can we avoid getting bitten by ticks? Suggest a way. [1]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________

LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Between 1980 and 2000, Sweden experienced 116 outbreaks of infectious

G
C
diseases transmitted through water. Pathogens such as bacteria and

parasites were found in water supplies from rivers and wells.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
a Suggest two ways how people were infected with these diseases. [2]
n
1. ___________________________________________________________
to
___________________________________________________________
ls
2. ___________________________________________________________
A
___________________________________________________________
23
b The stomach acid is one of our defence mechanisms that protect us

20
from pathogens like bacteria. Suggest why it is not able to prevent

an infection if a person drinks water from the contaminated river. [1]
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
op
c What can be done to prevent such disease outbreaks from happening

in the future? [1]
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
26 Chapter 3
kboo
k
W
or
You have a mission!
Process skills Observing, Inferring, Communicating, Analysing
Why is it important to keep our hands clean?

Materials:
d
Lt
Four slices of fresh bread
Soap
te
Water
P
Hand sanitiser
on
Four clean plastic bags
ti
Instructions:
ca
1 Turn a plastic bag inside out and use it to grab a fresh slice of bread. Pull
du
the bag over the bread to keep it clean within the bag. Label this bag as
'Untouched bread'.
2
E
Touch another slice of fresh bread with your dry, unwashed hands. Place
this bread into the second plastic bag. Label this bag as 'Unwashed hands'.
n
to
3 Wash your hands with soap and water. Once your hands are dry, touch
another slice of fresh bread and place it into the third plastic bag. Label this
ls
bag as 'Clean hands - Soap and water'.

A
4 Clean your hands using hand sanitiser. Once the hand sanitiser on your
hands has dried, touch another slice of fresh bread and place it into the
23
fourth plastic bag. Label this bag as 'Clean hands - Hand sanitiser'.
20
t
Untouched bread Unwashed hands Clean hands - Clean hands -

Soap and water Hand sanitiser
h
ig
yr
op
C
5 Leave the bags of bread on the table for one week. Observe and record
what happens to each slice of bread after one week. You can take a picture
of each slice of bread and paste it on the next page.

Untouched Unwashed hands
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
Clean hands - Soap and water Clean hands - Hand sanitiser
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
Questions:
1 After one week, what can be observed on the bread touched using
t
unwashed hands? Explain why. Discuss with your classmates or research

h
using the Internet to find out.

ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
________________________________________________________________
op
2 Which method of cleaning our hands is the most effective? Using your
C
results, explain why.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
28 Chapter 3
CHAPTER 4
Physical Changes
kboo
k
or
Worksheet 1 : Physical changes around us
W
d
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Predicting, Analysing
Lt
1 After it rained, Cyrus noticed water puddles on the ground. After a while,
the water puddles seemed to have disappeared. He observed that the
te
Sun was shining brightly after the rain.
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
a Name the process that took place. Is this a physical or

chemical change? [2]
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
20
Cyrus then walks into a café to have a cup of cold orange juice. After some
time, he sees water pooling at the bottom outside his cup.
t
b Name and describe the process that formed the puddle of water
h
below his cup. [3]

ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
c Is the change in b reversible? Explain. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
Physical Changes 29
2 Tim wants to find out about the changes that can occur during mixing.
d
Lt
te
P
Adding sugar to water and mixing them Adding water to sand and mixing them
on
a Fill in the table to describe the changes that occurred. [6]
ti
Mixing sugar with water Mixing sand with water
ca
Is the change reversible?
du
What substances are there
before mixing? E
What substances are there in
n
the mixture after mixing?
to
b Describe the physical properties of the substances before mixing.

ls
How are they different after mixing?

A
i Mixing sugar with water: [2]

23
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
20
ii Mixing sand with water: [2]

t
___________________________________________________________
h
ig
___________________________________________________________
yr
Did a physical or chemical change occur? Why do you say so? [4]
op
Mixing sugar with water is a ________________ change because

C
_____________________________________________________________.
Mixing sand with water is a ________________ change because
_____________________________________________________________.
30 Chapter 4
kboo
k
W
or
Worksheet 2 : Physical properties in matter
1 The table below shows the melting points and boiling points of two
substances. The substances are placed in a room at 27 ºC.
d
Lt
Substance Melting point (ºC) Boiling point (ºC)
A 3 30
te
B 54 120
P
a What is the state of each substance at 27 ºC?
on
i A: _____________________________________________________ [ 1 ]
ii B: _____________________________________________________ [ 1 ]
ti
ca
b Cyrus is carrying out an experiment in a room at 27 ºC. He needs
Substance B to be in a liquid state.
du
i What should he do? [1]
E
__________________________________________________________
n
ii Name the process that changes Substance B to a liquid state. [1]

to
__________________________________________________________
ls
A
iii What happens to the temperature of Substance B during the process

in ii ? [1]
23
__________________________________________________________
20
c Tim is in the same room as Cyrus and wants Substance A to be in a solid

state. What should he do? [1]
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
d Substance A is transferred to another place. Substance A is a gas in this

yr
new place. What is the likely temperature of this place? [1]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C
e Vera found an unknown substance. The substance is either A or B. What

can Vera do to confirm the identity of the unknown substance? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
Physical Changes 31
2 Vera holds a dark chocolate in her right hand and a white chocolate in her
left hand for two minutes.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
She notices that the white chocolate starts melting after two minutes. The
E
dark chocolate does not melt or change shape.
Did both pieces of chocolate change state at the same temperature?
n
a
What can we say about the melting point of a substance as a

to
physical property? [2]

ls
________________________________________________________________
A
________________________________________________________________
23
b Which chocolate has a lower melting point? How do you know? [2]
20
________________________________________________________________
t
________________________________________________________________
h
ig
c How can the melted chocolate be turned back into a solid? [1]
yr
________________________________________________________________
op
C
d What does your answer in c tell us about melting as a physical

change? [1]
________________________________________________________________
32 Chapter 4
kboo
k
W
or
Worksheet 3 : Is it boiling or evaporating?
1 Tim measures the time taken for a shirt to dry under different conditions.
d
Conditions Time taken (h)
Lt
Under the Sun at 33 ºC 2
In a dryer at 60 ºC 0.5
te
a What change in state is involved when drying the shirt?
P
Name the process. [2]
on
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
b What is the factor that you think Tim is investigating? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
du
c
E
What can Tim conclude from his results? Explain. [2]
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
Tim obtains more results in his investigation as shown below.

23
Conditions Time taken (h)

20
Under the Sun at 33 ºC 2

Under the Sun on a windy
1
t
day at 30 ºC
h
ig
d From this table, what is another factor that can affect the
yr
drying time of his shirt? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
op
C
Physical Changes 33
e Tim was drying some clothes in a dryer at 60 ºC. When he takes out
his shirt from the dryer, Tim makes the following statement about the
process that dries his clothes.
d
I think that the water
Lt
in my wet clothes
boils to form steam.
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
i What is wrong with the statement Tim made? Explain. [2]

E
__________________________________________________________
n
__________________________________________________________
to
ls
ii Tim observes mist surrounding his shirt as he takes it out of the dryer.
A
Why was mist observed? [2]

__________________________________________________________
23
__________________________________________________________
20
__________________________________________________________
t
__________________________________________________________
h
ig
Tim’s dryer has broken down. He wants to dry his shirt in less than an
yr
hour. Using Tim's investigation results, suggest what Tim can do to dry
it faster. [2]
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
34 Chapter 4
2 Cyrus heats a pot of water on a stove. The picture below shows what he sees.
d
Lt
te
How can Cyrus tell that the water is boiling? [1]
P
a
_____________________________________________________________
on
ti
b Cyrus switches off the stove and places the pot of hot water on the table
ca
to cool it down.
du
E
n
to
ls
Two hours later, Cyrus realises that the amount of water has decreased.
Name the process that has occurred. Explain what could have
A
happened to the water using the particle model. [3]

23
_____________________________________________________________
20
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
c Write down one difference between boiling and evaporation. [1]

yr
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
d Write down one similarity between boiling and evaporation. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
Physical Changes 35
kboo
k
or
W
1 The melting point and boiling point of some substances are given below.
Substance Melting point (ºC) Boiling point (ºC)
d
Lt
Bromine -7.2 59
Gallium 30 2400
te
Nitrogen -210 -196
P
961 2212
on
Silver
ti
a What is melting point? [1]
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
b Classify the above substances according to their state of matter at
E
room temperature (25 ºC). Two have been done for you. [2]
n
Solid Liquid Gas
to
Gallium Bromine
ls
A
23
20
c If the substances were placed in a room at 25 ºC and the heater warms
the room to 32 ºC, which substance is likely to melt? Explain why. [2]
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
d Describe the change of state in bromine at 59 ºC. [1]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C
e What is the freezing point of bromine? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
36 Chapter 4
2 Mary wants to find out how the surface area of water exposed to
surroundings affects the rate of evaporation.
She pours some water into containers of various sizes. She measures
the number of days taken for the water in the containers to evaporate
completely.
d
Lt
The graph below shows her results.
Number of 5
te
days
4
P
3
on
2
ti
ca
1
du
0
A B C D
Container
E
a Which two variables must be kept constant for Mary's investigation
n
to be a fair test? [2]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
b Using Mary's results, which container is likely to have the greatest

surface area? Explain your answer. [3]
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
h
c In another experiment, Mary fills one of the containers with the same
ig
volume of water and heats the water. After some time, she can see
bubbles forming throughout the water.
yr
i At what temperature do bubbles start to form throughout

op
the water? [1]

___________________________________________________________
C
ii Why do bubbles form? [2]

___________________________________________________________
Physical Changes 37
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Ada is holding a party. She wants to use some balloons in different ways to
G
C
decorate her house.
d
Lt
te
P
on
B
C
ti
A
ca
du
Sand Water Air
E
n
to
ls
A
She fills three balloons with three different matters.

23
a Name the state of matter used to fill up each balloon. [3]

20
i Balloon A: ______________
ii Balloon B: ______________
t
iii Balloon C: ______________

h
ig
b After filling up the balloons, Ada observed some changes in the balloons.
yr
What kind of change took place? [2]

op
The balloons changed in ______________. This is a physical change that

is ______________.
C
38 Chapter 4
c Suggest one piece of evidence to show that the change in b is
reversible or not. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
d
Lt
_____________________________________________________________
te
d Ada holds each of the three balloons in her hands to feel its mass.
P
She observes that Balloon C is very light. Since Balloon C contains air,
Ada thinks air has no mass.
on
Is Ada right? Describe how Ada can find out if air has mass or not. [3]
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
e Name a gas that Ada can use to fill the balloons if she wants them to
ls
float in the air. [1]

A
_____________________________________________________________
23
20
f While preparing for her party, Ada accidentally broke a glass jar.
Is this a physical change? Why or why not? [2]
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
op
C
Physical Changes 39
kboo
k
or
You have a mission!
W
Process skills
Observing, Measuring, Communicating, Identifying and
controlling variables, Formulating hypotheses, Analysing
Chocolates are made from cocoa. The percentage of
d
cocoa in a chocolate bar affects its melting point.
Lt
Plan and conduct an experiment to find out the
relationship between the percentage of cocoa in the
te
chocolate bar and the melting point of the chocolate bar.
P
Materials:
on
Chocolate bars with different percentages of cocoa
Empty bowls
ti
Larger bowl of hot water
ca
Thermometer
You can find out the

du
percentage of cocoa
E
Be careful! We should
on the chocolate
n
not mix water and
packaging.
chocolate together in
to
this experiment.
ls
Instructions:
A
1 What do you think is the relationship between the

percentage of cocoa in a chocolate bar and the melting
23
point of the chocolate bar? This will be your hypothesis.

20
________________________________________________
Write down your plan.

t
2
h
ig
yr
op
C
40 Chapter 4
3 Conduct the experiment. Record your results below.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
4 Plot a line graph using your results.
du
E
n
Melting point of
chocolate bar
to
(°C)
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
op
Percentage
of cocoa in
chocolate bar
C
(%)
Conclusion:
As the percentage of cocoa in the chocolate bar increases,
the _______________ of the chocolate bar _______________.
Physical Changes 41
CHAPTER 5
Heat and Electricity
kboo
k
or
Worksheet 1 : Watch out for the heat!
W
d
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Inferring, Predicting
Lt
Pizzas are baked in ovens that use high heat or fires. In some places,
traditional wood-fired brick ovens are still used to bake pizzas. A long
te
wooden spatula is commonly used to take the baked pizza out.
P
on
ti
330 °C
ca
du
E
n
to
1 Why is it safe to use a wooden spatula to take the pizza out? Explain your
answer. [3]
ls
________________________________________________________________
A
________________________________________________________________
23
________________________________________________________________
20
2 What will happen if a metal spatula is used to take the pizza out instead?
Explain your answer. [3]
t
h
________________________________________________________________
ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
________________________________________________________________
op
C
3 A chef is baking a pizza in the brick oven but he only has a metal
spatula. What can he do to make the metal spatula safe to use? [1]
________________________________________________________________
42 Chapter 5
izzas are often kept in cardboard packaging for takeaway or delivery.
P
The packaging is designed to keep the pizza warm for a period of time.
The structure of the packaging is shown below.
d
Lt
te
P
Inside the
on
cardboard
ti
ca
du
4 How does this cardboard packaging help to keep the pizza warm?
Explain your answer. E [3]
________________________________________________________________
n
to
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
ls
A
________________________________________________________________
23
5 Can the same cardboard box be used to keep a cold dessert cold?
20
Explain how in terms of heat transfer. [3]

________________________________________________________________
t
h
________________________________________________________________
ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
________________________________________________________________
op
6 Using the observations from 4 and 5 , we say that the cardboard has a
C
certain physical property. What physical property are we referring to? [ 1 ]

________________________________________________________________
Heat and Electricity 43

kboo
k
or
Worksheet 2 : Making circuits!
W
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Predicting, Analysing
1 Fong constructed two circuits shown below for a science experiment.

All the components used are identical in both circuits.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
Circuit A Circuit B
du
a Draw the circuit diagram of Circuit A. Label the components in
your diagram. E [2]
n
to
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
b When the switches in both circuits are closed, which lamps (Circuit A
or Circuit B) will be brighter? Explain why. [3]
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
44 Chapter 5
c Fong wants to add a buzzer to Circuit B without affecting the brightness
of the lamps.
i Draw the conventional symbol for the buzzer. [1]
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
ii How should he connect the buzzer in the circuit? Draw a circuit
du
diagram to show. Label the components in your diagram. [2]
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
op
C

2 Circuit diagrams are used to represent electrical circuits.
Four electrical circuits are shown below.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
Circuit A Circuit B Circuit C Circuit D
ca
du
a In which circuit will the lamps be the dimmest? [1]
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
b In which circuits will the lamps light up with equal brightness?
Explain why. [2]
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
c How can switches be added to Circuit B such that each lamp can be
20
switched on or off individually? Draw a circuit diagram to show how the

added switches can be connected. [1]
t
h
ig
yr
op
C
46 Chapter 5
kboo
k
W
or
1 Karen conducts an experiment to find out the material that is a better

thermal insulator. Thermometer Thermometer
d
Lt
Material X Material Y
te
Can A Can B Can C
She fills three metal cans with hot water of the same temperature.
P
She wraps Can A with Material X and Can B with Material Y. Can C is left
on
unwrapped. Then, she measures the temperature of the water every
5 minutes and records her observations in a table.
ti
Temperature of water (ºC)
Time (min)
ca
Can A Can B Can C
0 95 95 95
du
5 82 90 80
10 68 E 82 62
15 54 74 43
n
20 38 66 26
to
a What is the function of Can C in this experiment? [1]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
b Describe two patterns that can be observed from the table. [2]
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
c Using information from the table above, which material is a better

h
thermal insulator? How do you tell? [2]

ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
d Karen then repeats the experiment by placing Can C inside a bigger

C
empty container and covering it with a lid. Predict the temperature of

water in Can C after 20 minutes. Explain your answer. [3]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2 Sam is designing a circuit for a bicycle bell and headlamp. He uses a buzzer
to sound the bell. He draws the following circuit diagram.
d
Lt
te
P
on
Label the circuit components in the diagram above. [5]
ti
a
ca
b Is the switch in an open or closed position? Will the lamp in this circuit
du
light up? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
Sam thinks that this is not a good circuit design for his bicycle bell
to
and headlamp. Why does he think so? [1]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
d Suggest an improved design of Sam's circuit. You may use additional

electrical components in your design. Label the components in
t
h
your diagram. [2]

ig
yr
op
C
48 Chapter 5
3 Murad conducts an experiment to test the electrical conductivity of four
different materials, A, B, C and D.
d
A B
Lt
te
P
Lamp 1 Lamp 2 Lamp 3
on
ti
C D
ca
du
When the switch is turned on, he records the lamps that light up and the
ones that do not. E
Lamp Did it light up?
n
to
1 Yes
2 No
ls
3 Yes
A
23
a One of the materials is an electrical insulator. What is an electrical

insulator? [1]
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
ig
b Which material (A, B, C or D) could be an electrical insulator? Give one

yr
example of what it could be made of. [2]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C

LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Janice bought a toy dolphin as shown below. She wonders how the toy
G
C
works. So, she decides to test the toy with some materials.
Plastic strip
Metal contact
d
points
Lt
A motor in Metal wire
te
here moves
the tail
P
A buzzer in here
makes sounds
on
Janice notices there are two metal contact points on the body of the
ti
toy dolphin.
ca
a When she connects the two points using the metal wire, the toy
dolphin can sing and wriggle its tail. Explain why. [3]
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
b Janice now connects the two points using the plastic strip. Will the
toy work? Explain why. [2]
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
When the toy dolphin is placed in water, it can sing and wriggle its tail too.
20
c Why does the toy dolphin work in water? What does this tell you
about the property of water? [2]
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
d After Janice takes the toy dolphin out of the water and wipes it dry, it
op
does not sing or wriggle its tail.

What substance is in contact with the two metal points now? Is this
C
substance an electrical conductor or insulator? Explain why. [3]

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
50 Chapter 5
kboo
k
W
or
You have a mission!
Donna is constructing a doll's house with different electrical components.

The diagram below shows the design of her doll's house.
d
Lt
te
P
Ceiling light
Ceiling fan
on
ti
Table lamp
ca
Ceiling light
du
Standing lamp
E
n
to
ls
1 This is the circuit diagram that she drew. Donna wants to be able to control
the ceiling fan and the table lamp at the same time, and the other electrical
A
components individually. Draw where she should place the switches. Use
23
conventional symbols in your drawings.

Ceiling fan
20
Table
lamp
t
h
Ceiling
ig
light
yr
Ceiling
op
light
C
Standing
lamp

2 Donna connects the components together with wires.
First, she uses a tool to remove the outer layer of the wire. The inner layer of
the wire is made of a shiny material. She repeats this using another wire.
d
Lt
te
P
Then, she coils the two shiny layers of wire together.
on
ti
ca
du
Finally, she wraps the connected layers with a piece of material to protect
E
herself and others from getting an electric shock.
n
to
ls
A
23
a Name the materials that the wires could be made of.

Outer layer: ___________________________________________________
20
Inner layer: ____________________________________________________

t
h
b Can she connect the two wires directly without removing the outer
ig
layer? Why?
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
c After coiling the two shiny layers of wire together, suggest a suitable
material Donna can use to wrap them up to protect herself and others
from electric shocks.
_____________________________________________________________
52 Chapter 5
Mid-year Review Paper
40
1 Tim placed an apple on an electronic weighing scale.
Draw and label arrows in the diagram below to show the forces
d
a
acting on the apple. [2]
Lt
te
P
on
ti
100 g
ca
du
b The apple is at rest. Using forces, explain why. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
c Tim pushes the apple with one finger. The diagram shows the forces
ls
acting on the apple.

A
23
Applied force
20
Friction
t
h
ig
i State the effect of these forces on the apple. [1]

yr
___________________________________________________________
op
C
ii Describe what happens to the apple when the above forces

act on the apple. Circle. [2]
The ball will ( accelerate / decelerate ) to the ( right / left ).
Mid-year Review Paper 53

2 Aden is investigating what causes an object to float or sink in water. He
places two steel objects of the same weight and two wooden objects of the
same weight in water. He measures the weight of water displaced by each
object and records his results in a table.
d
Weight of water
Object Weight of object (N) Observation
Lt
displaced (N)
Steel cube 7 5 Sinking to the bottom
te
Steel boat 7 10 Floating to the surface
P
Wooden cube 1 5 Floating to the surface
on
Wooden boat 1 10 Floating to the surface
ti
a What can you say about the weight of the water displaced by the object
ca
in water and the amount of buoyant force acting on the object by the
water? How does the amount of buoyant force affect whether an object
du
is going to float or sink? [2]
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
b The diagram below shows a steel cube and a steel boat in water.
i Draw and label the arrow representing the buoyant force acting
20
on each object. [2]

t
h
ig
yr
Weight
op
C
Weight
ii Describe the forces acting on the steel boat that allow it to float on
the water surface. [1]
__________________________________________________________
54 Mid-year Review Paper
c Despite having the same weight, why do the steel boat float to the
surface and the steel cube sink to the bottom? Explain your answer
using their shapes and the weight of water displaced by each object. [ 3 ]
_____________________________________________________________
d
_____________________________________________________________
Lt
_____________________________________________________________
te
3 Cyrus takes in a deep breath. The statements below describe how oxygen
P
travels in the body.
on
a Fill in the numbers in the first column to arrange the processes in
order. The first one has been done for you. [1]
ti
Order Statement
ca
Air enters the bronchioles.
du
Air enters the alveoli.
Air travels down the trachea and bronchi.
E
1 Air enters through the nose or mouth.
n
Oxygen from the air is transported through the thin walls of the
to
alveoli and blood vessels into the blood.

ls
b The diagram below shows the circulatory system in Cyrus and

A
a close-up of his blood vessels. Label the different parts. [2]

23
20
From heart
To heart
t
h
ig
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op
C

4 Malaria has been a serious problem in Africa for many years. Malaria
is caused by a parasite which is transmitted to humans when infected
mosquitoes bite humans.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
a What is a parasite? [1]
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
Name an insect vector that can transmit malaria from one living
n
b
thing to another. [1]

to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
c State two ways to lower our risk of being infected with malaria. [2]
23
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
20
2.
____________________________________________________________
t
____________________________________________________________
h
ig
d Malaria is a type of infectious disease. Name two defence mechanisms

yr
that humans have to fight against infectious diseases. [2]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C
e Describe the defence mechanism that prevents us from falling sick

when we eat food that contains pathogens. [1]
_____________________________________________________________

5 Karen wants to investigate the properties of air. First, she inflates a balloon
by breathing air into it. Then, she measures and records the mass and
volume of each balloon in the table below.
Balloon without air Balloon filled with air
d
Mass (g) 1.02 1.10
Lt
Volume (ml) 0.02 1000.00
te
a Using the information in the table, state two properties of air. [2]
P
1. ____________________________________________________________
on
2. ____________________________________________________________
ti
b Karen measures the percentage of gases inside the inflated balloon and
ca
the percentage of gases in the surrounding air.
du
Which gases in the balloon are of a higher percentage than in the
surrounding air? E [2]
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
c The balloon filled with air was put into a refrigerator at 4 °C. After a few
ls
hours, some liquid was found inside the balloon. Karen collected the
liquid for further investigation. She found out that the liquid melted at
A
0 °C and boiled at 100 °C.

23
Identify this liquid. Explain how it was formed in the fridge. [2]
_____________________________________________________________
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
h
Karen left the liquid she collected in a bowl on the table. A few hours later,
ig
the liquid seemed to have disappeared.

yr
i What has happened to the liquid in the bowl? [1]

op
___________________________________________________________
C
ii Explain the process that occurred in i using the particle model. [2]
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
iii Is this process in i reversible? Explain why. [2]
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
d
Lt
6 Ada is building electrical circuits for her school project. The diagrams below
te
show the two electrical circuits that she is building.
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
Circuit A Circuit B
A
a Name two components shown in the diagrams. [2]

23
_____________________________________________________________
20
b State one difference between the two circuits. [1]

t
_____________________________________________________________
h
ig
yr
c Which lamps (Circuit A or B) will be brighter? Why? [2]

_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 6
Light
kboo
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or
Worksheet 1 : Mirror, mirror on the wall
W
d
Process skills Observing, Inferring, Measuring, Analysing
Lt
1 a Complete the diagram to show how the light ray will travel after hitting
the plane mirror. [1]
te
Light source
P
on
ti
ca
Plane mirror
du
b What happened to the light ray? [1]
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
2 Vera is trying to find her bicycle helmet. Her helmet may be on top of her
wardrobe but she is unable to see the top.
ls
A
23
20
t
h
a How do we see objects around us? [1]

ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
b Why is Vera unable to see the helmet on the wardrobe? Explain using
C
the properties of light. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Light 59
c Vera remembers she has a periscope that she can use. Her periscope
consists of two plane mirrors placed at an angle of 45º.
i Complete the diagram to show how the light ray travels in the
periscope to help Vera spot her helmet on the wardrobe. [2]
d
Lt
te
Plane mirror
45°
P
on
ti
ca
du
Plane mirror
E
n
ii What can you observe about the angle at which the light ray hits
to
the mirror and the angle of the reflected light ray? [1]
___________________________________________________________
ls
___________________________________________________________
A
23
3 Cyrus shines light at a plane mirror.

20
a In the diagram below, draw what happens to the light ray when it hits
the plane mirror. [1]
t
h
60°
ig
Light ray
yr
op
b Then, Cyrus stands in front of an object with a rough surface. Unlike

the mirror, he cannot see a clear image of himself. Explain why. [1]
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
60 Chapter 6
kboo
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W
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Worksheet 2 : What does the Moon look like?
The diagram shows the different positions of the Moon (1 to 8) on different

days of the month.
d
Lt
3
4 2
Direction of sunlight
te
P
5 Earth 1
on
ti
ca
6 8
7
du
1
E
At which position will a new Moon be observed from Earth? Explain why we
see a new Moon at this position. [2]
n
________________________________________________________________
to
________________________________________________________________
ls
A
2 At which position will a full Moon be observed from Earth? Explain why we
23
see a full Moon at this position. [2]

________________________________________________________________
20
________________________________________________________________
t
h
At which positions will a crescent Moon be observed from Earth? Explain
ig
why we see a crescent Moon at these positions. [3]

yr
________________________________________________________________
op
________________________________________________________________
C
4 In the diagram above, shade the empty circles (1 to 8) to show

the different Moon phases at each position. [8]
Light 61
kboo
k
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Worksheet 3 : Can you catch the fish?
W
Coco is looking at a fish in the pond. He tries to catch the fish by reaching into
the water where the fish appears to be. However, he always misses the fish.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
1 How is Coco able to see the fish? [1]
to
________________________________________________________________
ls
________________________________________________________________
A
23
2 Tim tells Coco that when light travels from water to air, the fish appears
closer to the water surface and nearer to him than it actually is.
20
a Describe what happens when light travels from water to air.

What is this process called? [2]
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
In the diagram above, draw light rays to show how light travels in
op
water and draw the likely position of the fish in water. [2]
C
c What should Coco do to catch the fish? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
62 Chapter 6
kboo
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1 Katelyn is standing in front of a mirror. Marilyn walks towards Katelyn from

the back, hoping to give her a surprise. But, before Marilyn can do that,
d
Katelyn turns around and catches her.
Lt
How does Katelyn know that Marilyn is behind her? [1]
________________________________________________________________
te
P
2 The diagram below shows a light ray that is reflected from a plane mirror.
on
C
B
ti
ca
A Reflected ray
du
E
Plane mirror
n
a Which is the correct light ray that caused this reflected ray? _______ [ 1 ]
to
b How do you tell? [1]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
3 Cyrus was cycling around the corner of a wall. He could see Vera running
20
towards the same corner from the other side of the wall. He managed to
stop his bicycle to avoid an accident with Vera.
t
h
ig
yr
op
Mirror
C
Light 63
a What is the process that occurs when a ray of light hits a
plane mirror? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
d
Explain how the mirror helped Cyrus to see what was happening on
Lt
b
the other side of the wall. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
te
_____________________________________________________________
P
on
c In the diagram below, draw how light rays travel to allow Cyrus
ti
to see Vera. [2]
ca
du
Mirror
Cyrus
E
n
to
Wall
ls
A
Vera
23
4 Royston shines a ray of light into a glass of water. He observes the ray from
20
the side of the cup.

t
h
ig
yr
op
C
a Complete the path of the light ray after it hits the surface of the water in
the above diagram. [1]
64 Chapter 6
b What process occurs when the ray of light hits the surface of the water?
Describe how this happens. [2]
_____________________________________________________________
d
If the cup of water is replaced with oil, will you expect the path
Lt
c
travelled by the ray of light to be the same? Why or why not? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
te
P
5 Which of these pictures show the effects due to reflection or refraction?
on
Classify them using the table below. [2]
ti
A B
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
A
C D
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
op
Reflection Refraction
C
Light 65
6 Match each phase of the Moon to its description. [4]
Moon phase Description
The entire brightly-lit side
Crescent moon
of the Moon can be seen
d
Lt
Less than half of the
Gibbous moon
te
brightly-lit side can be seen
P
More than half of the
on
Full moon
brightly-lit side can be seen
ti
ca
New moon The Moon cannot be seen
du
7
E
Different phases of the Moon are shown below.
Name the phases of the Moon. Two examples have been done
n
a
for you. [6]

to
ls
A
23
20
t
New
h
moon
ig
yr
op
C
Half moon
66 Chapter 6
b Let us look at the Earth and Sun from another angle.
Tick (🗸) where the position of the new Moon will be. [1]
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
A mirror maze is shown below. The detector will ring the bell if it detects a
G
C
light ray. E
Tim can win a prize if the bell rings. He positions the laser as shown.
n
Complete the maze by drawing light rays to determine if Tim gets
to
the prize! [2]

ls
A
23
Bell
20
Detector
t
h
ig
45°
yr
op
C
Laser
Does Tim get the prize? _______________ [1]

Light 67
kboo
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You have a mission!
W
Create a secret message that can be decoded using the refraction of light!
d
This is magic! This is science, not magic!
Lt
The arrow is flipped due
to the refraction of light
as it travels through air
te
and water.
P
on
Materials:
ti
Paper Pen Water in a transparent cup
ca
Instructions: HELLO
du
1 Write a secret message for your friend on a piece of paper
by writing the message backwards from the right to the left.
E OLLEH
n
Example of a secret message
to
2 Exchange your secret message with your friend. Using the water in the
transparent cup, decode the message that your friend gave you.
ls
Write down the message in the space below.

A
3
23
20
t
h
Question:
ig
Draw a diagram to explain how the cup of water can be used to decode the
yr
message.
op
C
68 Chapter 6
CHAPTER 7
Chemical Changes
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Worksheet 1 : Chemical reactions around me
W
d
Lt
1 Plants undergo photosynthesis in the daytime to make food.
te
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction where carbon dioxide reacts with
water to form oxygen and sugar.
P
Sunlight
on
ti
Oxygen
ca
Carbon
dioxide
du
E
Water
n
Write the word equation for photosynthesis. [1]

to
________________ ________________ ________________ Sugar

ls
A
b Name the reactants and products for this chemical reaction. [2]
23
Reactants: ___________________________________________________
20
Products: ____________________________________________________
t
c Another chemical reaction that takes place in living things is respiration.

h
During respiration, the sugar in our body reacts with the oxygen that we
ig
breathe in. At the same time, energy is released and waste materials like
yr
carbon dioxide and water are produced.

i Write the word equation for respiration. [1]
op
Sugar ________________ Energy Water ________________

C
ii Name the reactants and products for this chemical reaction. [2]
Reactants: _________________________________________________
Products: __________________________________________________
Chemical Changes 69
2 When a candle burns, both physical and
chemical changes take place.
d
Lt
a Describe the changes that occur in the burning candle. [2]
Physical change: _______________________________________________
te
Chemical change: _
_____________________________________________
P
______________________________________________
on
b What are the reactants and products in the chemical reaction
ti
stated in a ? [2]
ca
Reactants: ____________________________________________________
du
Products: _____________________________________________________
E
c Write the word equation to represent the chemical reaction in a . [2]
n
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
to
ls
d What would happen if a jar is placed over the candle such that no air
A
can enter the jar? Why? [2]

23
20
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
C
e Name another process in which both chemical and physical changes

can take place at the same time. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
70 Chapter 7
kboo
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Worksheet 2 : Can you detect that chemical change?
Process skills Observing, Inferring , Predicting, Analysing
1 Indicators help us tell if a chemical reaction has happened.

List two indicators for each chemical reaction below. [6]
d
Lt
Burning of paper Cooking of egg Rotting of tomato
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
2 Vera heats some sugar over a stove to make a sauce for her pancakes.
The telephone rings and she leaves the sugar to answer the telephone call.
E
A few minutes later, she smells a burnt nutty smell. She rushes back into the
n
kitchen and discovers that the white sugar in the pan has turned brown
to
and black.
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
a What happened to Vera’s sugar in the pan? Circle. [1]

yr
The sugar underwent a ( chemical / physical ) change.

op
What are some indicators that tell Vera that the process
C
in a happened? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
Chemical Changes 71
3 Ada learnt that mixing vinegar with bicarbonate of soda produces a gas
which is colourless and odourless. She would like to investigate and confirm
that a gas is being produced during this reaction.
Ada’s teacher says that she can check if the gas is present by passing it
through limewater which is colourless. Her teacher helps her to prepare the
d
set-up below.
Lt
te
P
on
Vinegar and
bicarbonate of soda Limewater Ada observes a white
ti
cloudy substance
formed in the limewater.
ca
Test tube A Test tube B
du
a List the reactants and products for the chemical reaction happening
in Test tube A. [2]
E
Reactants: ___________________________________________________
Products: ____________________________________________________
n
to
Write the word equation for the chemical reaction in . [1]

ls
b a
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

A
23
c After checking with her teacher that it is safe, Ada places her fingers
20
around Test tube A. Will it feel warm or cool? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
d Another chemical reaction is happening in Test tube B. Name the

reactants for this chemical reaction. [2]
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
How can Ada tell that a chemical reaction has taken place in
C
Test tube B? Name an indicator to support your answer. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
72 Chapter 7
kboo
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1 Tim’s neighbour installed a beautiful iron gate. It has been raining heavily
for two weeks. Today, Tim notices brown substances appearing on the
d
surfaces of the iron gate.
Lt
te
P
on
ti
Brown substances
on the iron gate
ca
du
How do you tell that a chemical change has occurred? [1]
a E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
b Name the reactants in the chemical reaction that caused the

ls
brown substances to appear on the iron gate. Then, write the word
A
equation for this chemical reaction. [2]

Reactants: ___________________________________________________
23
Word equation: _______________________________________________

20
c Tim’s father advises their neighbour to paint their gate with waterproof
t
paint. Explain how this will help to prevent the brown substances from
h
appearing on their gate. [1]

ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
op
d Tim’s uncle stays near the sea. He also wants to install an iron gate.
Tim does not think this is a good idea. Why? [1]
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Chemical Changes 73
2 Cyrus lights a scented tea candle in the dining room for a
dinner party. He does not want the wax to drip onto the table
so he places the tea candle in a dish. To prevent the tablecloth
from catching fire, he fills the dish with some water.
d
a What are two similarities in the reaction process between the burning
Lt
of paper and the burning of a candle? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
te
_____________________________________________________________
P
_____________________________________________________________
on
b Cyrus decides to put a tall glass cup over the candle to
ti
prevent his friends from touching the flame. A short while
ca
later, he finds that the fire from the candle is extinguished.
He also sees that water has entered the glass!
du
Explain why this happened. [3]
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
Combustion is a chemical reaction that takes

ls
3 Mixture of fuel and

place in car engines to power up cars. air in car engine
A
a In addition to heat to start the combustion

23
process, what are needed for combustion to occur? [2]

_____________________________________________________________
20
b When there is not enough air in the engine, the combustion reaction is
t
incomplete. We see black smoke made up of soot and harmful gases

h
coming out of the exhaust pipe of a car.

ig
In order to get rid of soot and harmful gases, a catalytic converter
yr
can be fitted in the car to convert these substances into less harmful
substances such as carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen.
op
Using the information above, how can we tell that a chemical reaction
C
has taken place in the catalytic converter? Name an indicator to

support your answer. [2]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
74 Chapter 7
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Fabian has four different transparent liquids. He mixes two transparent

G
C 4
liquids together each time and observes what happens.

Liquids Observations
Substances remain transparent
A and B
d
Substances become hotter
Lt
A and C
Temperature remains the same
te
B and C
P
Temperature remains the same
on
B and D White solids are formed
ti
ca
a Which two pairs of liquids most likely resulted in a chemical reaction?
What indicators tell you so? [4]
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
ls
b One of the liquids is water. It is known that water does not react
chemically with any of the other liquids that Fabian has. Which liquid
A
is most likely to be water? [1]

23
_____________________________________________________________
20
c Fabian learns that adding calcium to Liquid B will form hydrogen gas and
calcium chloride.
t
h
i Write down the word equation for the chemical reaction between
ig
calcium and Liquid B. [1]

yr
__________________________________________________________
op
ii Fabian adds calcium to Liquid B. Which indicator tells him that this
C
is a chemical reaction? [1]

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Chemical Changes 75
kboo
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You have a mission!
W
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Inferring, Communicating
Let us find out whether some of the common household chemicals will have a
chemical reaction when added together.
d
Materials:
Lt
Water Effervescent tablets
te
Baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) Thermometer
P
Lemon juice (Citric acid) Beakers
Vinegar (Acetic acid)
on
Flour
ti
Instructions:
ca
1 Add any two chemicals together and observe if a chemical reaction has
du
taken place.
You can look out E Remember to
for these indicators combine only two
to identify which chemicals each time!
n
Change in coIour combinations Only use the suggested
to
Change in result in a chemical materials and do not

temperature reaction. mix other chemicals
at home!
ls
Change in odour
BubbIes produced
A
23
20
2 Record your observations in the table on the next page. List the indicators
that tell you that a chemical reaction has happened and write the word
t
equation for the reaction. The first one has been done for you.
h
ig
You can use the Internet

to find out more about the
yr
reactions and the products What are some risks when

formed! carrying out this experiment?
What precautions can
op
we take?
C
76 Chapter 7
What did you observe? Did a
Chemicals used Word equation
chemical reaction happen?
Bubbles produced
Sodium bicarbonate +
Baking soda and Change in temperature
d
Acetic acid ➔ Carbon
vinegar A chemical reaction has
Lt
dioxide + Sodium acetate
occurred.
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
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op
C
Chemical Changes 77
3 Create a dot plot to record the number of times each indicator
was observed.
Each dot stands for

one observation. From the
d
reaction between vinegar and baking
soda, we observe temperature
Lt
change and bubbles produced.
Hence, we placed two dots in the
te
dot plot as shown here.
P
on
ti
ca
du
Colour Temperature Odour
EBubbles
change change change produced
n
to
ls
Question:
A
Which indicator is most commonly observed among all the chemical

reactions? Why do you think so?
23
___________________________________________________________________
20
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
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op
C
78 Chapter 7
CHAPTER 8
Dissolving
kboo
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Worksheet 1 : Cook up a storm!
W
d
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Inferring, Analysing
Lt
Tim is preparing dinner for his family. His dishes consist of ingredients that
have undergone physical or chemical changes.
te
Dinner Menu
P
on
ti
ca
Green salad Chicken pasta Berry popsicle Sugar water
du
Chopped and mixed Cooked spaghetti Strawberry juice placed in the Sugar stirred in a jar
vegetables and chicken freezer until it solidifies of water
E
Which dishes underwent physical or chemical change? Look at how each
n
ingredient was prepared and give reasons for your answers. [8]
to
Green salad: _________________________________

ls
____________________________________________
A
____________________________________________
23
Chicken pasta: _______________________________

20
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
t
h
ig
Berry popsicle: _______________________________

yr
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
op
C
Sugar water: _________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Dissolving 79
kboo
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Worksheet 2 : How much and how fast can I dissolve sugar?
W
Process skills Communicating, Predicting, Identifying and controlling variables, Analysing
Jacob wants to find out the number of tablespoons of sugar that can
fully dissolve in water at different temperatures. To do so, he prepares five
d
containers of water at different temperatures. For each container, he adds a
Lt
spoonful of sugar, stirs the mixture and repeats with another spoonful of sugar
until no more sugar can be dissolved.
te
He records his results in a table below.
P
Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 Container 4 Container 5
on
Temperature of
20 30 40 50 60
water (ºC)
ti
Volume of water
ca
80 100 100 100 100
(ml)
du
Number of
tablespoons of
14 20 E 24 28 40
sugar that can
fully dissolve
n
to
1 What will Jacob observe when no more sugar can dissolve in

the water? [1]
ls
A
________________________________________________________________
23
2 Jacob’s investigation is not a fair experiment and one of the

20
containers gives an unfair result. Which container is this?

Explain why this is not a fair experiment. [2]
t
________________________________________________________________
h
________________________________________________________________
ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
op
3 What improvement can Jacob carry out to make this a fair

experiment? [1]
C
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
80 Chapter 8
4 a Omit the unfair result stated in 2 . Use the remaining results to plot a line
graph to show the relationship between the temperature of the water
and the amount of sugar that can fully dissolve in the water. [3]
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
b Which point on the graph is an outlier? Circle. [1]

ls
Using the line graph plotted, what can we conclude? [1]

A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
d Using your understanding of the particle model, explain the conclusion

t
in 4 c . [4]
h
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
Dissolving 81
5 Jacob conducted another experiment. This time round he put
10 tablespoons of sugar into each container of water at different
temperatures. Each container had the same volume of water. He stirred
each container the same number of times until all of the sugar was
dissolved. Jacob measured the time taken for the sugar to fully dissolve in
d
the water.
Lt
a What is the aim of Jacob’s experiment? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
te
P
b Predict what Jacob will conclude about the relationship between the
on
temperature of water and the time taken for sugar to dissolve in it. [ 1 ]
_____________________________________________________________
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
du
c Using your understanding of particle model, explain the conclusion
in 5 b . E [4]
_____________________________________________________________
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
d The table below shows the results recorded by Jacob. The result for
20
Container 3 is missing. Complete the table. [1]

Container Container Container Container Container
t
1 2 3 4 5
h
ig
Temperature of
20 30 40 50 60
water (ºC)
yr
Volume of water
op
100 100 100 100 100

(ml)
C
Time taken for

sugar to fully 100 80 40 20
dissolve (s)
82 Chapter 8
kboo
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W
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1 Adding substances together does not always produce a chemical reaction.

Sometimes, it is a physical change that results in a mixture.
d
The table below records what was observed when Solids A, B and C are
Lt
added to water.
Solid Observations
te
A Water turns brown but remains clear
P
B Water becomes brown and cloudy
on
C Bubbles are seen in the water
ti
ca
a Which solid has dissolved in water? ________ [1]
du
b What do you think the solids are? Circle. [3]
E
A: Calcium powder / Brown sugar / Ground coffee bean
B: Calcium powder / Brown sugar / Ground coffee bean
n
to
C: Calcium powder / Brown sugar / Ground coffee bean

ls
c i Describe what happens to each solid when it is added to water.

A
State the type of change that happened to each solid. [6]

A: _
_______________________________________________________
23
________________________________________________________
20
B: _
_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
t
h
C: _
_______________________________________________________
ig
________________________________________________________
yr
ii For the physical changes stated in c i , what can we do to each

op
mixture to show that no new substances were formed? [2]

___________________________________________________________
C
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Dissolving 83
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Alice adds 1 teaspoon of salt into 100 ml of water at different temperatures.

G
C
She measures the time taken for the salt to fully dissolve in the water.
Temperature of water (ºC) Time taken for salt to dissolve (s)
d
20 40
Lt
40 35
60 25
te
80 15
P
a What two variables should Alice keep constant to ensure a fair test? [ 2 ]
on
_____________________________________________________________
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
_____________________________________________________________
What are the independent and dependent variables in this

b
du
E
investigation? [2]
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
c Using the results in the table, plot a line graph. Draw a line of best fit
23
for the graph. [3]

20
t
h
ig
yr
op
C
84 Chapter 8
d What can she conclude about the relationship between the
temperature of water and the time taken for the salt to dissolve? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
d
Lt
_____________________________________________________________
te
e Using your understanding of the particle model, explain
P
Alice’s results. [4]
on
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
Draw a particle model to show how salt dissolves in water. [2]
n
f
to
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
op
Water particles Adding salt to water Salt completely

dissolved in water
C
Dissolving 85
kboo
k
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You have a mission!
W
Make your own fruit jelly!
d
Materials:
Lt
Water
Cut fruits
te
Agar-agar powder Watch
P
Sugar this for
some ideas
Mould
on
Why is the sugar to make
Stove taking so long the jelly!
to dissolve in
ti
a pot.
1. Add sugar to water in water in Step 1?
powder
2. Then, add agar-agar
ca
Be careful when
to the mixture. handling the stove and
pot until it
3. Heat the mixture in the the hot mixtures! Get
du
xture as
boils. Keep stirring the mi an adult to help.
you heat it.
ar-agar E
4. After the sugar and ag
powder have completely
ve.
dissolved, turn off the sto
n
into Remember,
5. Place some cut fruits
to
the mould.
the agar-agar powder
the pot only dissolves in water at
6. Pour the mixture from
ls
high temperatures! When

into the mould.
the agar-agar mixture
7. Place the mould in the
A
. is heated, it forms a new

refrigerator for 24 hours
ready! substance. This substance
8. Your fruit jelly is now
23
cools to give us
jelly!
Questions:
20
1 What are the changes involved in making the fruit jelly? Circle.
t
Action Physical or chemical change

h
Cutting fruits Physical change / Chemical change

ig
Dissolving sugar in water Physical change / Chemical change

yr
Dissolving agar-agar powder in water Physical change / Chemical change

op
Heating the agar-agar mixture Physical change / Chemical change

C
2 Ada is carrying out Step 1 and observes that the sugar is taking very long to
dissolve in water. Suggest a possible reason.
________________________________________________________________
86 Chapter 8
CHAPTER 9
Rocks and Soil
kboo
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Worksheet 1 : What type of rock am I?
W
d
Process skills Observing, Classifying, Inferring , Predicting
Lt
1 Tim is given a piece of rock. To find out
what type of rock it is, he looks at the
te
rock under a microscope to observe
P
its grains.
on
a What type of grains does this rock contain? [1]
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
b If water is poured on this rock, is it likely to absorb the water?
du
Explain why. [2]
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
c Tim used an iron nail to scratch the rock. It left a mark on the rock.
Is this rock likely to be soft or hard? [1]
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
d This rock is formed from the process of erosion and sedimentation

over a long period of time. What type of rock could this be? [1]
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
Then, Tim is given another piece of rock. He observes that there are
h
wavy bands on this piece of rock. When he pours water on it, water is not
ig
absorbed by the rock.

yr
i Draw what the grains would look like if Tim were to look at the rock
under the microscope. [1]
op
C
Rocks and Soil 87

ii What type of rock is it likely to be? [1]
__________________________________________________________
2 Ada is given four pieces of rocks and some labels. Some characteristics of
the rocks are written on the labels.
d
Lt
a Help Ada name each rock (A to D). [4]
te
A B C D
P
Has fine grains that are Usually white with me d when Formed when layers
F or
not visible to our eyes some patches of of sediments are
hot magma
Has thin, smooth and squeezed together
on
colours cools slowly
flat layers Usually has visible
Has coarse grains underground
Formed when shale layers
Formed when Has coarse grains
undergoes strong heat Has coarse,
ti
limestone undergoes Comes in a range
and high pressure strong heat and high rounded grains
of colours
ca
Usually dark-coloured pressure Not porous
Can be hard or soft
Not porous and not Quite porous depending on the
permeable minerals it has
du
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
b Ada learns that the rocks can either be marble, sandstone, slate or
granite. Fill in the blanks to help Ada identify and classify each rock. [8]
yr
A is likely to be ____________. It is classified under ____________ rocks.

op
B is likely to be ____________. It is classified under ____________ rocks.

C
C is likely to be ____________. It is classified under ____________ rocks.
D is likely to be ____________. It is classified under ____________ rocks.
88 Chapter 9
kboo
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W
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Worksheet 2 : How am I formed?
1 Vera visits a rock museum and observes some rocks as shown below.
d
They look very
Lt
different from one
another! They must
te
be different types
of rocks!
P
on
ti
ca
Granite Basalt Obsidian Pumice
du
E
n
a Is Vera correct? Why or why not? [2]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
b Why does pumice have many visible holes in it? Describe how it
is formed. [2]
20
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
c Describe one difference between the formation of granite and basalt.

yr
How does this difference lead to different features in these rocks? [3]
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Rocks and Soil 89

2 At the beach, Cyrus notices an impression on a rock as shown below.
d
Lt
te
P
on
a What do you think could have left this impression on the rock? [1]
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
du
b What do we call this impression? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
c Describe how this rock is formed with the impression. [2]

to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
20
d What type of rock could it be? Explain your answer. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
e Name two other examples of rocks where these impressions are likely to
be found. [2]
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
How does Cyrus use this rock to estimate the geological time
C
of Earth? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
90 Chapter 9
3 Look at the following rocks.
d
Lt
te
P
on
Gneiss Shale
ti
ca
a Using the pictures above, describe one feature of gneiss and shale. [2]
du
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________
n
to
b What type of rock is gneiss? Explain how the formation of gneiss

ls
results in the features observed in the rock. [2]

A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
c What type of rock is shale? Explain how the formation of shale results
h
in the features observed in the rock. [2]

ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
Rocks and Soil 91

kboo
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Worksheet 3 : Transforming rocks
W
1 Eight words involved in the processes of a rock cycle are hidden below. Use
these keywords to help you complete the sentences below.
d
Lt
Y K H V D Z F S B B S U Q Q
Igneous rock T E M P E R A T U R E S K I
te
X E N D J N R T R E D K A I
J L M E L T I A I R I P S Z
P
B H A F O H R J E T M R D Z
X H A N N Z Q M D G E E F H
on
X S P E K N P K T H N S G N
S T M V P C J K Z B T S H P
ti
F S A V V T A L F N A U J U
ca
P Q E R O S I O N M T R K N
B A J H H Y D E V C I E L X
du
Sedimentary Metamorphic
S O L I D I F I E S O S F F
rock rock
A Q J
E T U T U G T K N V Y F
H X M E T A M O R P H I S M
n
a How do igneous rocks change into sedimentary rocks? [3]
to
Igneous rocks are broken down into small pieces called sediments.
ls
Through the process of _____________, these sediments can be carried

A
away and deposited in water. The sediments settled to the bottom and
23
are _____________ in layers through the process of _____________.

As the sediments stack on top of each other, they are squeezed under
20
their weight. Over a long time, sedimentary rocks are formed.

t
h
b How do sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks? [3]

ig
As the sedimentary rocks get buried deeper, they change into
yr
metamorphic rocks under high _____________ and high _____________.

This process is called _____________.
op
C
c How do metamorphic rocks change into igneous rocks? [2]

When the temperature is high enough, metamorphic rocks can
_____________ and become magma. As magma or lava cools and
_____________, igneous rocks are formed.
92 Chapter 9
2 The diagram shows a simplified rock cycle.
a Fill in the blanks to name the processes involved. [5]
Rock Cycle
d
Lt
Magma
te
P
on
ing
Me
lt
Me
ltin
ti
g
ca
du
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock E
ing
h er on
Weathering t i
n
ea os
and erosion W d er
an
to
Weathering
ls
and erosion
A
23
Sedimentary rock
Sediments
20
t
h
ig
b Describe how igneous rocks transform into metamorphic rocks. [2]

yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________
Rocks and Soil 93

kboo
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or
Worksheet 4 : Are all soils the same?
W
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Inferring, Predicting, Analysing
1 Different types of soil have different compositions.

What is soil made up of that determines its composition? [1]
d
a
Lt
_____________________________________________________________
te
b Six words that describe the texture and consistency of different types
P
of soil are hidden below. Use these keywords to help you fill in the blanks
below. Then match each type of soil to its consistency and texture. You
on
may use some words more than once. [6]
ti
R Z I J C P O S T A F I R M
ca
H L O O S E K F R I A B L E
du
G R J V M S E S I L K Y H Z
J M A S D T V G M
E Z N O G L
N A H T Z I V R C Q R M V T
n
P Z Z I E C N A S M L X A E
to
Y H O C X C J I T O O S E E
ls
B E I K A H G N P A T T O P
P B Z Y E Y W Y Q Z U S F A
A
Q R R Y D I G T M S Y D U A
23
20
_______ texture and

Clay soil
_______ consistency
t
h
ig
_______ texture and

yr
Sandy soil
_______ consistency
op
_______,
C
slightly _______ and

Loamy soil slightly _______, with a
_______ consistency
94 Chapter 9
2 The bar chart below shows the composition of a soil sample.
Percentage
(%)
d
Lt
te
Clay Sand Silt X
P
Composition of soil sample
on
a Suggest what X could be. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
b Using the bar chart, describe the composition of this soil. [2]
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
Describe the size of the different types of grains this soil sample has. [ 1 ]
n
c
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
d What is most likely the texture and consistency of this soil? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
23
20
e Draw what you might see if you put this sample in a jar of water and
let it stand for one day. Label the parts. [3]
t
h
ig
yr
op
C
f Name this type of soil. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
Rocks and Soil 95
kboo
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or
Worksheet 5 : Which soil is good for my plant?
W
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Inferring, Predicting, Analysing
1 Tim has two soil samples. He conducts some tests on them to find out
about their composition and properties.
d
Lt
te
P
Sample A Sample B
on
a Tim tries to break a small piece of each soil sample. These are his
observations:
ti
Sample A: Some force is required to break this soil apart.
ca
Sample B: No force is required to break this soil apart.
du
Describe the consistency of each soil sample based on
his observations. E [2]
Sample A: ____________________________________________________
n
Sample B: ____________________________________________________
to
He added some water to each soil sample and rubbed it with his fingers.
ls
These are his observations:

A
Sample A: It feels powdery and smooth.

23
Sample B: It feels gritty.

Describe the texture of each soil sample based on his observations. [ 2 ]
20
Sample A: ____________________________________________________
t
Sample B: ____________________________________________________
h
ig
c Which sample is most likely sandy soil? Why? [2]

yr

Sample ______ . It has a _________ consistency and _________ texture,
which may mean it contains a higher amount of _________.
op
C
d Tim wants to grow some cucumber plants which need enough water to
grow well.
i Predict which soil sample will be suitable for his plants to grow. [1]
___________________________________________________________
96 Chapter 9
ii Explain your prediction by comparing these two soil samples. [2]
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
d
Lt
2 On Farmer Bob's farm, he found three bags of unlabelled soil. To find out
te
what they were, he scooped a small amount of soil from each bag and left
them in a jar of water for a day. The composition of clay, silt and sand in
P
each bag of soil is shown below.
on
ti
Clay
Silt
ca
Sand
Bag A Bag B Bag C
du
a Farmer Bob is growing some rice crops on
E Rice
his farm. Rice crops require suitable soil to crop
grow well.
n
to
i What do you observe about growing rice crops from the picture? [ 1 ]

ls
___________________________________________________________
A
ii Which bag of soil should Farmer Bob use to grow his rice crops?
23
Why? [2]
___________________________________________________________
20
___________________________________________________________
t
h
b Farmer Bob also has a pot of cactus. Which bag of soil should he
ig
use to grow it? Why? [2]

yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
c The following year, Farmer Bob decides to grow a different type of plant.
This plant requires a lot of nutrients to grow well. Which bag of soil should
he use this time? Why? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
Rocks and Soil 97
kboo
k
or
W
1 A table is shown with description of some rocks.

Rock Description
d
A The rock is layered and crumbles easily.
Lt
B The rock has visible wavy bands.
C The rock is black and has many large crystals arranged randomly.
te
D The rock is soft and contains small rounded grains.
P
a Which rock is likely to be an igneous rock? [1]
on
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
b How do you think the rock in a is formed? [1]
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
c Which two rocks are likely to contain fossils in them? What type of rocks
n
are they? [2]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
d Describe how fossils are formed in the rocks in c . [2]

_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
Suggest why fossils cannot be found in the other two types of rocks. [ 2 ]
t
e
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
f The earliest fossil of a living thing was found to be around 3.5 billion years
old. What can scientists infer from this discovery? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
98 Chapter 9
2 Mandy conducts an experiment to find out the composition of different soil
samples. She scoops the soil samples into different jars, fills the jars up with
water and shakes the jars. Then, she leaves the jars to stand for a day.
The next day, Mandy notices that the soil samples have separated into
different layers. She measures the height of different layers and records
d
her results in a table.
Lt
Sample A Sample B Sample C
te
Height of clay layer (cm) 1 5 3
P
Height of sand layer (cm) 6 2 3
Height of silt layer (cm) 1 2 3
on
Amount of humus Little Little Some
ti
a In the space below, draw what she observes in the jar for Sample A.
ca
Label each of the layers. [2]
du
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
b Predict the consistency and texture of Sample A. Explain why. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
c Which sample will be the most suitable for growing garden plants?
op
Give two reasons. [3]

_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Rocks and Soil 99
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
Many farmlands can be found near

G
C
3
Volcano
active volcanoes as the soil is very
rich in minerals.
d
Lt
a Such black rocks are found near the
volcano in this village.
te
P
i What type of rock are they most likely to be? [1]
on
___________________________________________________________
ti
ii Describe the features of these rocks. How do you think these rocks are
ca
formed? [2]
du
___________________________________________________________
E
b Over time, these rocks break down into smaller pieces to form volcanic soil.
n
i Name this process. [1]

to
___________________________________________________________
ls
A
ii Where do you think the rich minerals found in volcanic soil

23
come from? [1]

___________________________________________________________
20
t
c This volcanic soil is highly porous and permeable.

h
i What do ‘porous’ and ‘permeable’ mean? [2]

ig
___________________________________________________________
yr
op
ii What does this tell you about the soil? [2]

___________________________________________________________
C
iii How is this good for the roots of a plant growing in this area? [1]
___________________________________________________________
100 Chapter 9
kboo
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You have a mission!
Process skills Observing, Inferring, Predicting, Analysing
Plants need nutrients to grow well. Besides using fertilisers, we can also add
compost to soil to improve its quality.
d
Compost is a mixture
Let's make compost for our plants!
Lt
of decaying substances
like leftover food, leaves,
Materials: eggshells and dead animals.
te
They are organic
Compost bin with holes materials!
P
Spray bottle with water
Compost is
Grass clippings different from
on
Browns such as brown leaves, fertilisers!
cardboard, wood chips and branches Compost
ti
Fruit and vegetable scraps bin
ca
Fertiliser
Instructions:
du
1 Fill your compost bin with browns, grass clippings and food scraps.
2
E
Spray enough water to wet the items inside the compost bin.
Stir the compost pile.
n
3
to
4 Water the compost pile daily and stir it daily.

You can add some more food scraps and browns. Try to keep a 1:1 ratio.
ls
When the compost appears darker in colour and looks like regular dirt, it is
A
ready to be used.
23
7 Add your compost to the soil to help your plants grow more healthily!
20
Questions:
What happens to the composition of soil if we keep growing the same
t
1
h
plants over and over again using the same piece of land? Why?
ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
What may happen to the soil and land if continues to happen?

op
2 1
________________________________________________________________
C
3 What could we do to help maintain the quality of soil? List two ways.
________________________________________________________________
Rocks and Soil 101
CHAPTER 10
Food Webs
kboo
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Worksheet 1 : Food web
W
d
Process skills Observing, Predicting, Analysing
Lt
The diagram shows a food web in a garden with a pond.
Prawn
te
Kingfisher
Trout
Carp
P
Algae
Dragonfly
on
Frog
Fly
ti
Water weed
ca
Snake
Slug Turtle
du
1 Which living things are producers? [1]
________________________________________________________________
E
n
Name an example of each type of consumer from the food web. [3]
to
Primary consumer: _______________________________________________

ls
Secondary consumer: ____________________________________________

A
Tertiary consumer: _______________________________________________

23
Which living things in the food web are both a prey and a predator? [2]
20
________________________________________________________________
t
h
4 Write down the longest food chain in this food web. [2]
ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
op
5 What do the arrows in the food web represent? [1]

________________________________________________________________
C
6 What would happen to its predators if all the flies died? [1]
________________________________________________________________
102 Chapter 10
kboo
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or
Worksheet 2 : How does energy flow in a food chain?
Process skills Inferring, Analysing
A, B, C and D are different living things connected in a food chain. The diagram
below shows the flow of energy through the different groups.
d
A 1 unit of energy
Lt
B 10 units of energy
C 100 units of energy
te
D 1000 units of energy
P
1 What is the role of A in this food chain? What is the role of D in this
on
food chain? [2]
________________________________________________________________
ti
ca
2 Using arrows, draw a diagram that most represents how energy might flow
through these living things. [1]
du
E
n
to
3 What is the energy source of this food chain? Describe how the producers in
the food chain obtain energy from this source. [2]
ls
_________________________________________________________________
A
23
4 Describe how energy is transferred in this food chain. [3]

20
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
t
h
________________________________________________________________
ig
________________________________________________________________
yr
Explain why not all energy in a living thing is transferred to its consumer in a
op
food chain. [2]

C
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Food Webs 103

kboo
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Worksheet 3 : How do human activities impact the ecosystem?
W
Process skills Observing, Inferring, Predicting
1 The living things below live in the same habitat and are part of the same
food chain. They are not arranged in the correct order.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
Corn Snake Fox Grasshopper
ca
a Draw a food chain to represent the feeding relationships between the
du
living things above. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
to
b Pesticides containing harmful substances are sprayed on the corn

crops. Describe how toxic substances from the pesticides flow in
ls
the food chain in a . [3]

A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
20
t
c If pesticides are sprayed on the corn crops, which living thing will
h
have the highest amount of toxic substances built up in its body? [1]
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
op
d Name the process that describes the building up of toxic substances in

the body of living things. [1]
C
_____________________________________________________________
104 Chapter 10
2 The diagram shows a food web in the forest.
Red-tailed hawk
Grizzly bear
Chipmunk
d
Lt
Grouse
Butterfly Marmot
te
P
Deer
on
Berries and flowers
Seeds
ti
Grasses
ca
a Pests were found to be harming the berries and flower shrubs.
Pesticides containing DDT were sprayed on the shrubs to kill the pests.
du
Which animals are not likely to be affected by DDT? Explain why. [2]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
Which living thing will have the highest concentration of DDT in its body?
to
Explain why. [3]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
c What may happen to the animal you named in b if there is too much
DDT in its body? [1]
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
d There was an overhunting for grizzly bears and all the bears in the
forest were wiped out. Suggest how this hunting affects the number
op
of red-tailed hawks in the forest. [2]

C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Food Webs 105

kboo
k
or
W
1 The diagram shows a food web. Hawk
Snake
d
Owl
Lt
Fox Frog Kingfisher
te
Rabbit Mouse
Grasshopper
P
Grasses
on
a How many predators does the mouse in the above food web have? [ 1 ]
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
b Name the animals in the above food web that get their energy
du
directly from the producer. What type of consumers are they? [2]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
c Identify one food chain from the above food web that contains at least
to
three types of consumers. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
d How would the above food web be affected if a disease killed all the
grasshoppers? Describe the effects on three animals. [3]
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
e Pesticides containing small amounts of mercury were sprayed on

the grass. A few weeks later, some snakes and owls were found to
op
be dead. Scientists found a great amount of toxic substances in their

bodies. Using information from the food web above, explain how
C
this occurred. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
106 Chapter 10
2 A food chain of the following living things is shown below.
Fox
d
Lt
Frog
te
Snail
P
on
Sunflower
ti
a Using the helping words, fill in the blanks above. [4]
ca
Secondary consumers Primary consumers
du
Producers Tertiary consumers
E
n
b What is the source of energy of a food chain? [1]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
c Will all the energy from the source stated in a be transferred down
the food chain? Why? [2]
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
d Using information from the food chain above, what will happen if the
t
energy source in b disappears? [2]

h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
op
e Using information from the food chain above, describe how the
consumers will be affected if a disease kills all the producers in this food
C
chain. [2]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Food Webs 107
3 Look at the food chains below.
Rice ➔ Chicken ➔ Snake ➔ Eagle

Rice ➔ Man
d
Rice ➔ Rat ➔ Owl
Lt
Rice ➔ Rat ➔ Snake
te
a Energy is lost as it gets transferred from one living thing to the next living
P
thing in the food chain. Using this information and the food chains above,
which living thing would likely obtain the most amount of energy from
on
the same amount of rice eaten? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
b Draw a food web to include these four food chains. [3]
du
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
4 Look at the food chain below.

Lettuce ➔ Flea beetle ➔ Animal X
op
C
a What is the relationship between flea beetles and Animal X? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
108 Chapter 10
b Using the food chain, infer why flea beetles may be harmful
to farmers. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
d
Using the food chain, infer why Animal X could be useful to farmers. [1]
Lt
c
_____________________________________________________________
te
_____________________________________________________________
P
on
d What could Animal X be? Name one possible example. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
DDT was commonly used by farmers in the past in insecticides to control

G
C
du
pests such as caterpillars that damaged crops. But it was found that birds
who were part of the ecosystem near these farms started laying eggs that
had very thin shells. They cracked easily when parent birds tried to hatch
E
them.
n
a DDT is a toxic substance. Explain what it means by a toxic substance. [ 1 ]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
b The picture below shows the relationships between some animals on the
affected farm.
20
Chicken
t
h
ig
yr
op
Caterpillar
C
Crops Sparrow
Food Webs 109

i Describe how the birds may have obtained the toxic substance, DDT. [ 1 ]
___________________________________________________________
ii What might happen to the people who might have eaten these
d
crops or the chickens in the affected farms? [1]
Lt
___________________________________________________________
te
c Describe three negative impacts of using DDT on the food web in the
P
ecosystem. [3]
on
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
d After DDT was banned in many countries, farmers introduced Animal Y
to their farms to control pests. The diagram below shows part of a larger
E
food web related to the farm.
n
to
Chicken Snake
Rabbit
ls
A
Crops
23
Caterpillar Animal Y
20
Name two living things that will most likely increase in number after
t
Animal Y is introduced. [2]

h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
op
C
110 Chapter 10
kboo
k
W
or
You have a mission!
Process skills Observing, Inferring, Communicating, Predicting
Fish are sometimes found dead on beaches. Over the years, large aquatic
animals like sharks and whales have been found dead on the coasts of different
d
countries.
Lt
On 10 July 2015, a whale was washed up on the shore of Town P. Scientists
te
wanted to find out the reasons for its death. They looked into the contents in its
stomach.
P
on
ti
Made in 2010
ca
du
08 in
Use by 2009
20 red
pi
Ex
E
n
to
ls
Plastic items found in the whale’s stomach

A
23
1 Why do you think these materials can still be recognised in the

stomach of the animal?
20
________________________________________________________________
t
h
2 Plastic will be broken down into tiny microplastics over time. What danger
ig
will it pose to other aquatic animals and humans?

yr
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
op
________________________________________________________________
C
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Food Webs 111
cientists also analysed skin samples from the whale and found high
S
concentrations of mercury and lead. Research to find out more about the
sources and effects of these toxic substances on animals and humans.
3 Using information from your research, name two sources where these toxic
substances could have come from. Suggest some activities that may have
d
produced these harmful substances.
Lt
________________________________________________________________
te
________________________________________________________________
P
________________________________________________________________
on
________________________________________________________________
ti
own P is famous for its fish and shellfish. But for many years, there is a strange
T
ca
disease in the town that causes many citizens to fall sick.
du
4 Based on your research, what do you think caused the citizens to fall sick?
Explain briefly. Describe some effects of the illness.
E
________________________________________________________________
n
________________________________________________________________
to
________________________________________________________________
ls
________________________________________________________________
A
23
5 Imagine you are an environmental scientist visiting Town P. How would you
educate the citizens about bioaccumulation and the positive and negative
20
impacts of our actions on the ecosystem? Make a poster.

t
h
ig
Plastic and other water pollutants can be found

Everyone can in many parts of the ocean and in food webs.
yr
play a part! It is important for us to know the impact our little

actions can have on the ocean and how they
op
may harm the living things in the ecosystem.

C
112 Chapter 10
CHAPTER 11
Growing Up and Pubert
y
kboo
k
or
Worksheet 1 : What is happening to my body?
W
d
Process skills Observing, Comparing, Inferring
Lt
1 Tim looks into the mirror and observes some changes on his face.
He realises that he looks very different from a year ago.
te
P
A
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
a Using the picture above, describe some changes Tim is experiencing

to
on his face. [2]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
b What is the process that Tim is going through which is causing these
20
changes to his face? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
c Explain how A could have developed on Tim’s face due to changes

in his body. [1]
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
d What substance released in the body causes these changes on

Tim’s face? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
Growing Up and Puberty 113
2 Vera is at the supermarket looking for sanitary pads as her menstruation
has started. She is experiencing some physical changes in her body during
this period of time.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
a Apart from menstruation, describe two physical changes that Vera

to
also experiences during this period of time. [2]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
b Vera and Cyrus are in the same class and of the same age. Describe two
similar physical changes that both of them may experience during this
t
h
time. [2]
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
op
C
114 Chapter 11
kboo
k
W
or
Worksheet 2 : Human reproductive system
Process skills Observing, Analysing
1 The diagram shows a human reproductive system.
d
a Label the organs in the diagram using these helping words. [4]
Lt
Uterus Oviduct Vagina Ovary
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
A
Is this a male or female reproductive system? [1]

23
_____________________________________________________________
20
c Are the reproductive organs found inside or outside the body? [1]
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
d What does the ovary produce? [2]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C

2 The diagram below also shows a human reproductive system.
a Label the organs in the diagram using these helping words. [3]
Sperm duct Penis Testis
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
Which organ produces sperms? [1]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
c Name another substance produced by the organ in b . [1]

20
_____________________________________________________________
t
h
d Name two substances that can pass out of the body through
ig
the penis. [2]

_____________________________________________________________
yr
op
C
116 Chapter 11
kboo
k
W
or
Worksheet 3 : Going through menstruation
1 The diagram shows a human reproductive system and its parts.

A
d
Lt
B
te
P
on
C
a During puberty, the ovary matures and produces Substance A.
ti
What could A be? [1]
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
Name the organ that A travels through after it is released from
E
the ovary. [1]
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
ls
c Describe what happens to the lining of the uterus after A is released

A
from the ovary. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
23
20
d Describe what happens to the lining of the uterus if A does not meet
a sperm. [1]
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
ig
yr
e What do we call this cycle of events happening in the reproductive

system? [1]
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
f Why is this cycle of events important? [1]

_____________________________________________________________

g Name and describe the functions of B and C. [4]
B: ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
d
Lt
C: ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
te
_____________________________________________________________
P
on
2 Vera sees some spots of red stain on her shorts recently. Her parents are
looking for a female hygiene product for her to use.
ti
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
A
23
20
t
What is Vera experiencing during puberty in the above scenario? [1]

h
a
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
b What female hygiene product can she use? [1]

op
_____________________________________________________________
C
c How often will Vera need to use this product? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
118 Chapter 11
kboo
k
W
or
1 When Jane turned 12 years old, she realised she has grown 10 cm in height.
Her face becomes more oily than before. She needs to wash her face more
d
frequently to stay fresh and clean.
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
a Jane is undergoing puberty and experiencing changes in her body.
du
What is causing these changes? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
to
b If Jane does not keep her face clean and hygienic, what will
happen to her face? [1]
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
c During this period, boys also experience oily skin and some changes
to their body. Describe another change that will occur in both boys
20
and girls. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
d Describe three other changes that may occur in girls only. [3]
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
e Jane began to experience menstruation monthly.

C
What does the start of menstruation signal about her body? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
LLENGI N
H AUESTI ON
Q
This diagram shows a flower. It contains the reproductive organs of a plant.

G
C
Stigma
d
Anther
Lt
Filament
te
Ovary
P
on
ti
ca
du
Some of the plant’s reproductive organs are similar to some organs in the
human reproductive system. E
a The anther is similar to an organ in the human reproductive system.
n
Which organ is it? Explain your answer. [2]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
b How is the ovary of a flower similar to the ovary in the human

20
reproductive system? [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
yr
c State two differences between plants and humans in terms of their

reproductive systems. [2]
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
120 Chapter 11
kboo
k
W
or
You have a mission!
Process skills Comparing, Communicating, Predicting
CeIebrate what your body can do and aII of its changes!
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
You can draw or
E
paste a photo
n
Iike When I was 7, I Ioved to _______
here! What I Iooked
to
as 7 years oId
when I w ___________________________
ls
___________________________
A
___________________________
23
___________________________
20
___________________________
___________________________
t
h
___________________________
ig
___________________________
yr
___________________________
op
___________________________
C
___________________________
___________________________

When I grow up...
What I predict I wiII Iook Iike

when I am 20 years oId
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
What are some of your favourite music and shows?
E
Did your interests change?
n
What are some physical changes you noticed in yourself?
to
What are some feelings or emotions you experienced

recently? Are there any big changes?
ls
A
23
___________________________ ___
Now, I am ______ years oId. I Iove to
___________________________
20
_________________________________
___________________________.
_________________________________
t
___ ____________________________
h
Wh en I am 20, I wa nt to ______ ___

___________________________
ig
_________________________________
___________________________.
yr
_________________________________
______________________________
op
I hope to be doing _______________

___ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ ___________________________
___
C
___ ___ ___ ___ ______ ______ ___ ___________________________.

______
122 Chapter 11
End-of-year Review Paper 1
1 Tim drops a clay ball that has a mass of 300 g. The diagram 40
below shows a force acting on the clay ball.
d
Lt
te
P
on
Weight
What is the difference between mass and weight? [1]
ti
a
_____________________________________________________________
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
b
E
When the clay ball is falling through the air, what is another force acting
on the ball?
n
to
i Draw and label the arrow representing this force on the

diagram above. [1]
ls
ii Describe the direction and size of this force. [2]

A
___________________________________________________________
23
The clay ball falls into a bucket of water and sinks. On the diagram
20
below, draw and label the forces acting on the clay ball now. [2]
t
h
ig
yr
op
C
d Suggest what Tim can do to the clay ball so that the clay ball can float
on the water surface. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
2 A doctor measures the percentage of each gas in the air that Jane
breathes in and out.
Gas Inhaled air Exhaled air
Carbon dioxide 0.04% 4%
d
Lt
Oxygen 21% 16%
X 0.5% 5%
te
P
a Based on the table, how does the percentage of gases change as Jane
breathes in and out? [1]
on
_____________________________________________________________
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
du
b Suggest what X is likely to be. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
Describe how the diaphragm helps air to enter the lungs when Jane
to
breathes in. [1]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
_____________________________________________________________
20
d Describe how oxygen is transported from the lungs to the heart

and to the rest of the body. [2]
t
h
_____________________________________________________________
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
C
124 End-of-year Review Paper

3 The diagram below shows a simplified circulatory system in humans.
a Label the parts of the circulatory system. [1]
d
Lungs
Lt
te
P
on
ti
ca
Heart
du
E
Other body parts
n
b Describe two functions of the circulatory system. [2]
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
c The cross-sections of blood vessels are shown below.

20
Name them. [1]

t
h
ig
yr
op
C

4 The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection that can cause problems
to our respiratory system. Most of the infected patients will experience
fever, cough and tiredness. This disease is spread through pathogens that
cannot reproduce or survive without a host.
What type of pathogen is likely to cause COVID-19? [1]
d
a
Lt
_____________________________________________________________
te
b COVID-19 is a type of infectious disease. List two other types of
P
pathogens that can also cause infectious diseases. [1]
on
_____________________________________________________________
ti
Ada met her friend for a meal. They hugged and shared a meal together.
ca
c
A few days later, Ada heard that her friend was ill with COVID-19. A day
du
later, Ada experienced COVID-19 symptoms and was also diagnosed
with the same disease.
E
i Using the information above, suggest two possible ways COVID-19
could have been transmitted to Ada from her friend. [2]
n
to
1. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
ls
A
2.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
23
20
ii What can Ada and her friend do to avoid transmitting this disease
to another person? State one possible way. [1]
t
h
___________________________________________________________
ig
___________________________________________________________
yr
___________________________________________________________
op
C

5 May went to the harbour and accidentally dropped her wallet into the
water. The diagram shows a part of the path of light as it travels from water
to air.
d
Lt
May
te
P
Air
on
Water
ti
ca
du
Wallet
E
n
to
a Describe what happens to light when it travels from water to air. [1]
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
_____________________________________________________________
23
b Complete the diagram above to show how the light ray will behave as
20
it travels from water to air such that May can see her wallet. [1]
t
h
c How does the process described in a affect how May sees her wallet
ig
in the water while she is standing on the platform? [1]

yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
_____________________________________________________________
C

6 The picture below shows part of an electrical wire made of two materials,
A and B. These materials have physical properties that make them suitable
for making electrical wires.
d
Material A
Lt
te
Material B
P
on
a What physical property should Material A have? Give an example
of what Material A could be. [2]
ti
_____________________________________________________________
ca
_____________________________________________________________
du
b
E
What physical property should Material B have? Give an example
of what Material B could be. [2]
n
_____________________________________________________________
to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
23
c Apart from the physical property stated in b , Material B should also be a

thermal insulator. Explain why. [2]
20
_____________________________________________________________
t
_____________________________________________________________
h
ig
_____________________________________________________________
yr
_____________________________________________________________
op
C

7 Sailors in submarines can observe objects above water while they remain
underwater using a periscope.
The diagram shows the cross-section of a periscope. This periscope
contains two pieces of Object A placed at an angle shown below.
d
Lt
Object A:
_____________
te
P
on
ti
ca
du
Object A
Sailor's eye
E
n
to
The sailor sees a seagull through the periscope.

ls
a Label Object A. Then, draw the path of the light ray in the diagram
to show how light travels from the seagull to the sailor’s eye. [2]
A
23
b Name the process that occurs when light rays hit Object A
20
in the periscope. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
yr
op
C

8 The table shows the physical properties of some unknown substances.
Melting point Boiling point Conducts Conducts
Substance
(°C) (°C) electricity heat
1 0 100 No No
d
2 660 2470 Yes Yes
Lt
3 1710 2230 No No
4 801 1465 No No
te
5 –39 357 Yes Yes
6 –89 82.5 No No
P
on
a What is Substance 1 most likely to be? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
ti
ca
b These substances were placed in a freezer at -5 ºC. Which substances
would be in liquid state in the freezer? [2]
du
_____________________________________________________________
E
Vera wants to bake muffins in the oven at 200 °C and she is looking for a
n
c
suitable container to hold the muffin batter.

to
i Vera is looking for a substance that is suitable to create her

ls
muffin container. Which physical properties should she check

A
in the table? [1]

__________________________________________________________
23
20
ii Which substance should Vera's muffin container be made of? [1]

__________________________________________________________
t
h
iii Give reasons for your answer in ii . [1]

ig
__________________________________________________________
yr
Ada leaves a container of Substance 1 on the table. A few hours

op
later, Substance 1 reduces in volume. How is this process different from

boiling? [1]
C
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
1 An incomplete diagram of the phases of the Moon is 40

shown below.
d
Lt
te
P
on
ti
Earth
ca
Sunlight
du
E
n
to
ls
A
Complete the diagram by drawing the missing Moon phases. [1]

23
b Describe the movements of the Moon, Earth and Sun about each
20
other in the Solar System. [1]

_____________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
c Cyrus made the following statements about the Moon:

yr
1. The Moon is a natural satellite of Earth.

op
2. The Moon gives off different amounts of light

on different days throughout the month.
C
i Which statement that Cyrus made is wrong? [1]

__________________________________________________________

ii Give reasons for your answer in i . [1]
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
d
Lt
d Why do we see different Moon phases on different nights of the
month? [1]
te
_____________________________________________________________
P
_____________________________________________________________
on
_____________________________________________________________
ti
2 Tim connects Object X to a circuit. The circuit diagram is drawn below.
ca
du
E
n
to
ls
Object X
A
23
20
t
h
ig
yr
a Label the components of the circuit. [2]

op
b Name two materials that Object X should be made of so that the lamp
C
will light up when the switch is closed. [1]

_____________________________________________________________

3 Danny carried out a series of experiments by mixing solids with water and
recorded his observations in the table below.
Experiment Solid Observations

Bubbles and some white solids formed with
d
1 A
temperature rise
Lt
2 B No change in colour and temperature rises
te
3 C Solid dissolves and temperature drops
Solid dissolves and can be obtained when water
P
4 D
evaporates
on
5 E Burst into flames at high temperature
6 F Explosion occurs
ti
ca
a Name two indicators that show that a chemical reaction has
du
taken place. [1]
_____________________________________________________________
E
n
b Which experiment does not show a chemical reaction between
to
the solid and water? [1]

ls
_____________________________________________________________
A
Solid A is identified as calcium. Calcium reacts with water to produce

23
new substances, calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

20
i Write down the word equation for this chemical reaction. [1]
__________________________________________________________
t
h
ig
ii Name the reactants of the above reaction. [1]

yr
__________________________________________________________
op
C

4 Kim wanted to test the effect of temperature on the amount of sugar that
can fully dissolve in 100 ml of water. The table below shows her results.
Amount of sugar that can fully dissolve in
Temperature of water (°C)
100 ml of water (g)
d
20 200
Lt
40 230
te
60 280
P
80 360
on
100 480
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a What can Kim conclude from her results? [1]
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b Explain your answer in a using the particle model. [3]
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to
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A
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Kim heated one of the sugar solutions and allowed it to cool.

t
c
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She observed small crystals forming at the bottom of the container.

The crystals looked and tasted like sugar.
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What does this tell you about dissolving? Circle. [1]

Dissolving is a ( reversible / irreversible ) process.
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It is a ( physical / chemical ) change as ( no new / new ) substances

are formed.
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5 The picture shows an ammonite fossil found on a rock.
d
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P
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a Which type of rock is this fossil likely to be found in? [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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Describe the process of how rocks containing ammonite fossils
n
b
were formed. [2]

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A
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c What can be learned from the fossils? [1]

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C

6 Vera found a rock with a fossil on it. She draws a rock cycle to describe how
this rock is formed and how it can be transformed into other types of rocks.
a Complete her rock cycle by filling in the blanks. [3]
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Vera's rock containing a fossil
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__________
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Process: Process:
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________________ Erosion and ________________
sedimentation
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High heat
and pressure
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Melting and solidifying
__________ __________
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Process:
________________
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to
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b Vera conducted some experiments on granite and the rock containing

A
the fossil. First, she scratched each rock with a nail. Then, she dripped
some water on each rock. The table below shows her results.
23
20
Does water pass

Rock Can it be scratched?
through it easily?
Rock with fossil Yes Yes
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h
Granite No No
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What do her results tell her about the hardness of the rock containing
the fossil? How are the grains in this rock likely to be arranged? [2]
op
_____________________________________________________________
C
_____________________________________________________________

7 Marinda wanted to find out which type of soil would be suitable to grow her
cactus. Her teacher told her that cacti grow well in soils that do not hold
water well.
Marinda took three different samples of soil and added them separately
into three jars of water. A few days later, she observed that the soil samples
d
had settled into different layers. Marinda drew her observations in the
Lt
diagram below.
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P
on
Clay
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Clay Silt Clay
Silt Sand Silt
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Sand Sand
Sample A Sample B Sample C
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a
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Which sample of soil should she use to grow her cactus? [1]
_____________________________________________________________
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Using the information above and your knowledge of grain sizes,

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explain your answer in a . [1]

A
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20
c Marinda also noticed that there were some organic materials floating on
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top of the water in the jars.

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i State the function of organic materials in the soil. [1]

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ii One of the jars contains more organic materials than the rest.
Suggest what this type of soil is likely to be. [1]
__________________________________________________________

8 The diagram below shows a food web.
Lion
Eagle
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Snake
Cheetah
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Rhinoceros
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Giraffe
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Sparrow
Fox
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Grasshopper
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Mouse Antelope
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Tree
E Grass
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Which animals in this food web are primary consumers? [1]

to
_____________________________________________________________
ls
A
b Identify a complete food chain that includes the rhinoceros. [1]

23
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20
c Predict and explain what will happen if there is a sudden decrease in the
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number of cheetahs. [1]

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_____________________________________________________________
C

d Complete the diagram below to show how energy is transferred from an
energy source to a tertiary consumer in a food web. [2]
Energy

source:
d
_________ ➞ _________ ➞ __________ ➞ _________ ➞ Tertiary consumer
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Poisonous chemicals are sprayed on grasses to kill them and stop
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their growth. Using information from the food web, explain why the
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poisonous chemical is found highest in amounts in eagles. [1]
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_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
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n
9 The diagrams below show the male and female reproductive systems.
to
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Sperm duct
A
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20
Ovary
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Vagina
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C

a Label the parts of the reproductive systems. [2]
b Match each reproductive organ to its correct function. [1]
d
Where sperms are
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Oviduct
produced
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Where eggs are
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Ovary
produced
on
Where a baby
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Testis
develops and grows
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Where the sperm
Uterus E and egg meet for
fertilisation to occur
n
to
During puberty, Joyce begins to experience some changes in her body.

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State two changes that Joyce may experience during puberty. [1]
A
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_____________________________________________________________
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C

Credits
Chapter 1 — p.9: LINAYAYA LIN/Shutterstock.com (Hot air balloon)
Chapter 3 — p.21: Dech St/Shutterstock.com (face mask); p.22: ArtLovePhoto/Shutterstock.com (Mosquito); p.25: Aksenova Natalya/Shutterstock.com
d
(Tick); p.26: Magnus Binnerstam/Shutterstock.com (River in Sweden)
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Chapter 5 — p.42: James Steidl/Shutterstock.com (Pizza in brick oven); p.43: ajdebre/Shutterstock.com (Pizza in a box)
Mid-year Review Paper — p.56: Hatri Bidik/Shutterstock.com (Mosquito sucking blood)
te
Chapter 6 — p.65: FX/Shutterstock.com (Metal ball); MilanB/Shutterstock.com (Drinking straw refracted); zoe plummer/Shutterstock.com (Glass ball);
Denis Belitsky/Shutterstock.com (Beautiful landscape with high rocks)
P
Chapter 7 — p.73: balajisrinivasan/Shutterstock.com (Rusty gate); p.76: concept w/Shutterstock.com (Multivitamin orange tube)
on
Chapter 9 — p.87: Yes058 Montree Nanta/Shutterstock.com (Limestone sedimentary rock); p.88: Aleksandr Pobedimskiy/Shutterstock.com
(Marble rock); Alexlukin/Shutterstock.com (Yellow sandstone); Sakdinon Kadchiangsaen/Shutterstock.com (Slate Rock); michal812/Shutterstock.
com (Granite rock); p.89: Yes058 Montree Nanta/Shutterstock.com (Granite rock); TuktaBaby/Shutterstock.com (Basalt rock); M.Pakats/Shutterstock.
com (Obsidian rock); Vladimir Arndt/Shutterstock.com (Pumice rock); p.90: Chris Briggs/Shutterstock.com (Leaf fossil in sedimentary rock);
ti
p.91: Yes058 Montree Nanta/Shutterstock.com (Gneiss rock); Yes058 Montree Nanta/Shutterstock.com (Shale rock); p.97: MemoryMan/Shutterstock.
com (Flooded rice field); p.100: Jennie Equiz/Shutterstock.com (Mount Mayon volcano); Brandon Walker/Shutterstock.com (Lava rocks) p.101: Marina
ca
Lohrbach/Shutterstock.com (Compost)
Chapter 11 — p.121: Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com (Elementary school kids smiling)
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End-of-year Review Papers — p.135: ArtEvent ET/Shutterstock.com (Ammonite fossil)
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A
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WORKBOOK
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Active Science
The series is developed hold discussions that precede the teaching of every key
P
to comprehensively cover all the learning objectives of concept. Learners will need to collaborate with their
the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework peers, infer concepts and draw conclusions. Learners
on
(0097). The series adopts an Active Learning approach, will solve the case by the end of the chapter. This is
which allows learners to actively build their own supplemented by colourful illustrations and easy-to-
understanding through exploration, discussion and read explanations to solidify their understanding. Well-
ti
problem-solving. crafted exercises at various learning points help learners
to assess their learning and build process skills.
ca
Learners will investigate science strands like Biology,
Chemistry, Physics and Earth and Space. Learners are Learners will also learn how to apply scientific knowledge
also taught to Think and Work Scientifically, which to the real world in Science in Context. With greater
du
develops learners’ scientific enquiry skills and practical involvement in their learning, learners are challenged
skills. to think critically, reason logically and become effective
problem solvers. They will also develop a love for science
To encourage problem-based learning (PBL), each
E
as they recognise its importance and relevance in their
chapter starts with a case problem. In each chapter, daily lives.
n
learners will explore anchor investigation activities and
to
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A
23
20
The series • Textbook • Downloadable resources for teachers,

consists of: • Workbook including printables for hands-on
• Teacher’s Guide activities, worksheets and
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• Digital Textbook, Workbook, test papers.

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and Teacher’s Guide

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yr
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C

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WORKBOOK

Dr Loo Yoke Leng

Published by Alston Education Pte Ltd

© 2022 Alston Education Pte Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted

permission of the copyright owner.

Publisher: Sim Wee Chee

Gravity and Respiratory and

You have a mission! Consolidation worksheet

Chapter 5 Heat and Electricity

You have a mission!

Specimen paper Mid-year Review Paper 53

Chapter 10 Food Webs Chapter 11 Growing Up and Puberty

1 : Food web 1 : What is happening to my body?

3:H  ow do human activities Consolidation worksheet

impact the ecosystem? You have a mission!

Specimen paper End-of-year Review Paper 1 123

Specimen paper End-of-year Review Paper 2 131

Integrated process skills

Identifying and Formulating Analysing Evaluating

controlling hypotheses We can identify the parts We can determine

variables We can state the of an object or event, the accuracy

outcome of an and determine a pattern and quality of our

variable to see what these parts. or model.

kept the same.

Circle. ( Mass / Weight ) [1]

3 Describe the difference between weight and mass. [1]

on Earth? Fill in the units and values below. [4]

If Ada travels to the Moon, what will happen to:

a Her mass? Explain. [2]

b Her weight? Explain. [2]

Gravity and Other Forces 1

Process skills Inferring, Predicting, Analysing

planet from the Sun? [1]

2 Complete the table above. [2]

3 Explain why these planets orbit the Sun. [2]

1 Cyrus has a snow sled parked outside his house.

Momo is pulling the sled across the snow.

draw and label the force arrows. [2]

Momo wants the sled to accelerate. Which of the forces needs

Gravity and Other Forces 3

The sled will ( accelerate / decelerate ).

e i Momo is making some snowballs to play with Coco. What force is

acting on the snowball once it leaves Momo's hand. [3]

2 Tim shapes another piece of clay into a container.

Gravity and Other Forces 5

i The weight of the metal container is ( greater than / less than /

ii The weight of the metal container is likely to be ( greater than /

floats, factors that Tim needs to consider are:

__________ and ________________ of object [2]

1 Ada weighs some flour using the weighing scale.

2 Some activities involving forces are shown below.

a A group of friends are playing Tug-O-War. The applied forces exerted by

What will happen to the rope? Explain your answer. [2]

For the balloon to move downwards, which force needs to be reduced?

4 Vera is reading up on the Solar System.

a Describe the Moon's movement in the Solar System in relation

Gravity and Other Forces 9

A rover is a robotic vehicle that can travel on the surface of planets.

3:H ow do human activities Consolidation worksheet

3 Describe the difference between weight and mass. [1]

If Ada travels to the Moon, what will happen to:

3 Explain why these planets orbit the Sun. [2]

Momo wants the sled to accelerate. Which of the forces needs

e i Momo is making some snowballs to play with Coco. What force is

2 Tim shapes another piece of clay into a container.

i The weight of the metal container is ( greater than / less than /

ii The weight of the metal container is likely to be ( greater than /

and ______ of object [2]

1 Ada weighs some flour using the weighing scale.

2 Some activities involving forces are shown below.

a A group of friends are playing Tug-O-War. The applied forces exerted by

What will happen to the rope? Explain your answer. [2]

For the balloon to move downwards, which force needs to be reduced?

4 Vera is reading up on the Solar System.

a Describe the Moon's movement in the Solar System in relation

A rover is a robotic vehicle that can travel on the surface of planets.

ii Is the strength of gravity on Object B likely to be smaller or

Rayner is studying how objects float or sink.

c Rayner reshapes Object 4 and it can now float on water.

After carrying out the investigation, Rayner concluded that:

3 Name the parts A, B, C and D. [4]

2 What is the function of the heart? [1]

4 Which blood vessels (A, B, C or D) carry blood that is rich in

5 Name the blood vessels A, B, C and D. [4]

A: B: C: D:

1 Tick (🗸) all the true statements. [1]

When we breathe in, the diaphragm moves ____________ and there is

Complete the diagram below by drawing and labelling the movement of

b Explain your answer in a . [2]

c What happened to Esther’s heart rate when she stopped exercising?

a Identify Organs 1 to 4 using the helping words below. [4]

1: 2: 3: 4:

b Using your knowledge of the human’s respiratory system, state one

3 Is the model a good representation of the circulatory and respiratory

c Name one way malaria is transmitted to humans. [1]

2 For some diseases, it is important to wear face masks to reduce the

b Describe two ways to reduce the chances of getting bitten by an

c What can you do to stop mosquitoes from breeding in your

d How will stopping mosquitoes from breeding help reduce the

3 Name the secretion in the stomach that provides protection against

b After coughing, what should Colin do to prevent spreading the virus

The mayor advised everyone to practise good hygiene and protect

a Based on the suggestions by the mayor, infer two ways Virus X

c Which physical barrier of the human body is overcome by the tick as

d How can we avoid getting bitten by ticks? Suggest a way. [1]

Between 1980 and 2000, Sweden experienced 116 outbreaks of infectious

b The stomach acid is one of our defence mechanisms that protect us

c What can be done to prevent such disease outbreaks from happening