2j161p (a) All metals are good conductors of electricity.

Which of these non-metals can conduct electricity?

(1)
A carbon
B chalk
C plastic
D rubber

(b) The current in a metallic conductor is a flow of

(1)
A negatively charged electrons
B negatively charged protons
C positively charged electrons
D positively charged protons

(c) Some metals and alloys are magnetic.

Which of these is magnetic?
(1)
A aluminium
B copper
C gold
D steel

1
(d) Which of these field patterns is correct?
(1)
A

S S

S N

N N

N S

(Total for Question 2 = 4 marksj161p)

2
11 A student investigates the magnetic fields produced by bar magnets.
(a) Describe how the student could investigate the shape and direction of the magnetic field
around a single bar magnet.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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3
 (b) The student puts opposite poles of two strong bar magnets near each other.
The diagram shows part of the magnetic field produced.
Only a small part of each magnet is shown.

N S

Explain why the diagram shows that the magnetic field is uniform.
(2)

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4
 (c) The student connects the ends of a piece of wire to a sensitive ammeter.
He then moves the piece of wire through the magnetic field between the magnets.
(i) Explain why the ammeter displays a small current when the wire is moved
between the magnets.
(2)

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. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State two ways that the student could increase the current using the same wire.
(2)

1 . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 11 = 9 marksj181p)

5
4 A car becomes electrically charged as it travels along a road.

(a) (i) Explain how a moving car becomes electrically charged.

(2)

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(ii) Why does this charge remain on the car after it has stopped moving?
(1)

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6
 (b) Some people prefer to prevent their car from becoming charged.
They do this by fixing a metal strap underneath the car.
The metal strap rubs on the ground as the car moves.

metal strap

(i) Suggest why it is safer to have no electrical charge on a car.

(1)

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(ii) Explain how the metal strap prevents a car from becoming charged.
(2)

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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marksj162p)

7
8 An electric vehicle has a rechargeable battery.
The battery is recharged by connecting it to a charging station.

© Epattloamer

(a) The battery voltage is 385 V.

(i) State the amount of energy transferred when one coulomb of charge passes
through a potential difference of 385 V.
(1)

energy transferred = .............................................. J

(ii) Show that, when a charge of 180 000 C passes through the battery, the total
amount of energy transferred to the battery is about 70 MJ.
(2)

(iii) During the charging process, energy is also transferred to the charging station
from the mains supply.
Explain why the amount of energy transferred from the mains supply is more
than 70 MJ.
(2)

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8
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(b) Charging takes 110 minutes and causes a total charge of 180000 C to pass
through the battery.
(i) State the equation linking charge, current and time.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the average charging current in the battery.

(3)

current = .............................................. A

(Total for Question 8 = 9 marksj162p)

9
5 A student sets up a circuit to investigate how the current in different components
varies with voltage.
He investigates these components.
● a short thick copper wire
● a filament lamp
● a long thin copper wire
● a diode
(a) State four other pieces of equipment the student needs.
(4)

1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) During the investigation, the student keeps the two copper wires at a
constant temperature.
(i) Give a reason why he should keep the wires at a constant temperature.
(1)

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(ii) Describe how he could keep the wires at a constant temperature.

(2)

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10
(c) The student obtains a graph for each component.

Draw a straight line linking each component to its correct graph.

(3)

component graph

short thick
copper wire V

filament lamp
V

long thin
copper wire V

diode
V

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marksj171p)

11
5 (a) A student investigates the resistance of a lamp.
(i) The student uses a circuit that contains an ammeter, a battery, a lamp and a
voltmeter to determine the resistance of the lamp.
Draw a circuit diagram to show how he should connect the apparatus.
(3)

(ii) State the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.

(1)

(iii) The student obtains this graph for a filament lamp.

2.0

1.5
current in A
1.0

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
voltage in V
Calculate the resistance of the lamp when the voltage is 6.0 V.
Give the unit.
(3)

resistance = .............................................................. unit ...............................

12
 (iv) The student reverses the battery connections and then repeats his measurements.
On the axes below, sketch the graph that he would obtain.
Part of the graph has been done for you.
(2)
current in A

0 voltage in V
0

(b) The student replaces the filament lamp with a light emitting diode (LED).
He notices that there is no current in the diode when the battery is reversed.
He replaces the battery with an a.c. supply.
Which graph shows how the current in the diode varies with time?
(1)

current current

0 0
time time

A B

current current

0 0
time time

C D
(Total for Question 5 = 10 marksj161p)

13
7 A filament lamp is connected to a battery.
The lamp is switched on and a data logger records the current.
The graph shows the results from the data logger.

0.4

0.3

current in A
0.2

0.1

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
time in s

(a) Describe in detail how the current varies with time.

Refer to data from the graph in your answer.
(3)

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.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
 (b) The battery has a voltage of 12 V.
The lamp reaches its normal operating temperature after a short while.
(i) State the current in the lamp when it is at its normal operating temperature.
(1)

current = ............................................. A

(ii) State the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.

(1)

(iii) Calculate the resistance of the lamp at its normal operating temperature.
Give the unit.
(4)

resistance = ............................................. unit ........................................... . .

(iv) State the relationship between power, current and voltage.

(1)

(v) Calculate the power of the lamp at its normal operating temperature.
(2)

power = ............................................. W

(c) Suggest why a filament lamp is most likely to fail when it is first switched on.
(2)

. . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 14 marksj171p)

15
14 A thermistor is a device used in electric circuits.
(a) Which is the correct circuit symbol for a thermistor?
(1)

A B C D

(b) A student uses a thermistor as a device for measuring temperature.

The student uses this apparatus to record how the resistance of the thermistor
changes with temperature.

wires to
thermistor circuit

thermistor
thermometer

hot water

He records the resistance of the thermistor every 5 °C as the water cools.

The table shows some of his results.

Temperature Resistance
in °C in Ω
60 150
55 200
50 280
30 690
25 840
20 1060

16
 (i) State the independent and dependent variables in his investigation.
(2)

independent variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dependent variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Plot a graph of the student’s results on the grid.

(4)

(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.

(1)
(iv) Use your graph to estimate the resistance of the thermistor when the
temperature is 40 °C.
(1)

resistance = ............................................... Ω

17
 (v) Suggest three improvements for his investigation.
(3)

1 . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) The thermistor is taken out of the water and connected in a series circuit with a 6.10 V cell.
The resistance of the thermistor is 1060 Ω.
(i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the current in the circuit.

(2)

current = ............................................... A

18
 (iii) Explain what will happen to the current in the circuit when the temperature of
the thermistor increases.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 14 = 18 marksj181p)

19