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MONDAY, JUNE 22, 2020

IEC61850 and Ethernet Redundancy

Introduction and Application
Sushil Joshi, GPMM – India & Middle East, Email: [email protected]
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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy

• Introduction
• IEC 61850 Standard Scope
• Data Modeling Approach
• Communication Services in Substation
• GOOSE and Sample Values
• Engineering
• Conformance Testing
• Ethernet Redundancy
• Summary
• Questions and Answers

Slide 2
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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
IEC 61850 Protocol

June 22, 2020

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Much more than a protocol

§ Modularization and structuring of data

§ On-line information
§ Free allocation of functions in IEDs
§ Complete description of configuration
§ Structured engineering and services
§ Testing, validation and certification

Standardizing of function/equipment, data attributes & location within the system

Slide 4
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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Why IEC 61850 is unique?

Data Model Extended when required?

Application Application
What information exchange?

Communication Technology Communication

How data is transferred?
Ethernet
TCP/IP Ethernet Technology

Previous way of specifying communication standard IEC 61850 way of specifying communication standard

June 22, 2020 Slide 5 Courtesy: IEC 61850-1 standard, Clause 5.1
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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
IEC 61850 standard scope

What is Communicated?
WHAT? Data Model
“Vocabulary”, “Words” of the communication

How it is Communicated?
HOW? Communication Services
“Grammar”, “Structure” of the communication

By What is Communicated?
BY WHAT? Mapping (Protocols)
“Channel”, “Medium” of the communication

Definition of the communication between configuration of tools of different vendors

ENGINEERING SCL (System Configuration Language)

To ensure interoperability,
TESTING Conformance/Performance/Functional Testing

June 22, 2020 Slide 6

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Structure of IEC 61850

Legend Introduction and Overview: IEC 61850-1

System aspects Glossary: IEC 61850-2

Configuration definition General Requierment: IEC 61850-3

Data models and Basic System & Project Managment: IEC 61850-4
communication structure Communication requirements for functions & device models: IEC 61850-5
Mapping to real Communication Configuration
Principles and models: IEC 61850-7-1
Networks description language
Testing Common Data Classes: IEC 61850-7-3 (SCL):

Compatible LN classes and Data Domain Specific LN and Data IEC 61850-6
Classes: IEC 61850-7-4 classes: IEC 61850-7-410

Abstract communication service interface: IEC 61850-7-2

Mapping to MMS: IEC 61850-8-xx Sampled values: IEC 61850-9-xx

Conformance testing: IEC 61850-10

June 22, 2020 Slide 7

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Latest parts of IEC 61850

Part 1: Introduction & overview Part 7-500: Use of logical nodes to model functions of a substation
automation system1
Part 2: Glossary
Part 7-510: Use of logical nodes to model functions of a hydro power plant
Part 3: General requirements
Part 7-520: Use of logical nodes to model functions of distributed energy
Part 4: System & project management
resources1
Part 5: Communication requirements for functions & device models
Part 8-1: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to
Part 6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical MMS (ISO 9506-1 & ISO 9506-2) & to ISO/IEC 8802-3
substations related to IEDs
Part 80-1: Guideline to exchange information from a CDC based data model
Part 7-1: Basic communication structure – Principles & models using IEC 60870-5-101/104
Part 7-2: Basic communication structure – Abstract communication service Part 9-2: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values
interface (ACSI) over ISO/IEC 8802-3
Part 7-3: Basic communication structure – Common data classes Part 90-1: Use of IEC 61850 for the communication between substations
Part 7-4: Basic communication structure – Compatible logical node classes & Part 90-2: Using IEC 61850 for the communication between substations &
data classes control centres1
Part 7-410: Hydroelectric power plants – Communication for monitoring & Part 90-3: Using IEC 61850 for condition monitoring1
control
Part 90-4: Network Engineering Guidelines - Technical report1
Part 7-420: Basic communication structure – Distributed energy resources
Part 90-5: Using IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor information according
logical nodes
to IEEE C37.118
Part 7-5: IEC 61850 – Modelling concepts1
Part 10: Conformance testing

IEC 61850 consists of the above parts, under the general title Communication networks and systems for power utility automation (all parts
June 22, 2020 Slide 8 may have not been published yet).
1 Under consideration.
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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Edition 1 and 2 differences in general

Edition 1 Edition 2
• The first parts of the standard SERIES IEC 61850 have been • More primary equipment to be modelled, hierarchical
published between 2001 & 2004. modeling functions, e.g. bay protection / distance protection /
• These standards was foreseen for Substation automation only protection zone / impedance protection
• Broadens the application space of the base standard
(Substation automation) to further application areas.
• Added more details & more options for the available
communication redundancy protocols, available client
services, limits of data flow engineering
• Allowing a more fitting IED selection as well as a more secure
IED system engineering by a system tool

June 22, 2020 Slide 9

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Communication stacks and mapping used in IEC 61850

• The standard defines an XML description language for

substation automation systems.
• The language facilitates efficient integration of devices into
systems in an automated fashion.
• Additionally the standard supports a comprehensive &
consistent system definition & engineering, which makes not
only the devices, but also their tools & systems interoperable

June 22, 2020 Slide 10

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Data modeling approach
Virtual World
Device Modelled in the Data
Model of IEC 61850

OG-1 OG-2 OG-3 OG-4 Real World Device

LN XCBR
DO Pos
DO OpCnt
B/C

I/C – 1
(CB, CT/VT, I/C – 2
Isolator, E/S)TYP Circuit Breaker

Power Distribution Power Distribution

Trafo - 1 Trafo - 2 Numerical Relay

Incomer - 1 Incomer - 2
(66kV or 33kV) (66kV or 33kV)

June 22, 2020 Slide 11

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Data modeling approach contd.
Data Attribute

Data Object

Logical Node

Logical Device

192.168.210.145 Physical Device

June 22, 2020 Slide 12

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Data modeling approach example

CTRL.ESSXSWI1.Pos.stVal

Logical Device represents a function group

Logical Node contains separate function
Data Object specifies a part of information provided by function
Data Attribute keeps a particular value

June 22, 2020 Slide 13

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Communication services in substation

• Thanks to IEC 61850-8-1 part which allows the elimination of copper wires
between relays on horizontal level i.e. relay-to-relay communications -
substation bus & IEC 61850-9-2LE which allows sharing of digitized
information from instrument transformers or sensors in a standardized way to
other relays- process bus. These services are classified as:

Client-Server Service:
• MMS traffic defined in IEC 61850-8-1, which allows an MMS client such as the
SCADA, an OPC server or a gateway to access “vertically” all IED objects. This
traffic flows both on the station bus & on the process bus.

Real Time Service:

• GOOSE traffic defined in IEC 61850-8-1, which allows IEDs to exchange data
“horizontally” between the bays or “vertically” between process level & bay
level, especially for the status signals & tripping signals, & often for
interlocking. This traffic flows normally over the station bus and/or the
process bus.
• SV (Sample Value) traffic defined in IEC 61850-9-2, which carries voltage and
current samples. This traffic flows normally on the process bus but can also
flow over the station bus, for instance, for busbar protection, centralized
protection & control & phasor measurement.

June 22, 2020 Slide 14

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Key difference between various services

Client/Server Services Real Time Services

Task SCADA/HMI Device to Device

Communication
Key Properties Not time critical, association between Time critical, multicast
client – server, unicast communication communication
Participants 1 client + 1 server 1 Publisher + X Receiver

Example • Control • GOOSE (Generic Object

• Reports Oriented System Events)
• Sample Value (SV)

…..

June 22, 2020 Slide 15

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Generic Object Oriented System Events (GOOSE)

• Standardized horizontal communication

• Replaces hard-wiring between Relays & Controllers
• GOOSE is used to broadcast events between Relays in a
substation.
• The GOOSE communication link between the Relays is
supervised by sending data cyclically.
• Ethernet technology offers a fast and reliable station bus for
transfer of data.

June 22, 2020 Slide 16

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
GOOSE performance

• GOOSE speed requirements from IED to IED as defined by the

standard Type 1 (fast messages)
• Type 1A (tripping)
• Class P2/3: <3 ms (transmission)
• Class P1: <10 ms (distribution)
• Type 1B (others)
• Class P2/3: <20 ms
• Class P1: <100 ms
• Following the IEC 61850 standard means that peer-to-peer
signalling is faster than traditional hard-wiring for Type 1A
Class P1 or Class P2/3.
• Reduced wiring & faster response times.

June 22, 2020 Slide 17

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Reverse Blocking protection: GOOSE vs. conventional wiring

Conventional GOOSE

T+100 ms
I>
Zone of protection

100 ms IEC 61850-8-1

I>>
blocking
Delay setting with inst. O/C protection

Delay setting with inst. O/C protection (REF615 GOOSE approach)

I> (conventional approach) Safety marginal, e.g. delay in 20…40 ms
I>> Safety marginal, e.g. delay in 20…40 ms operation due to CT saturation.
operation due to CT saturation. O/C protection start delay 20 ms
O/C protection start delay + <40 ms
output relay’s delay Retardation time of inst. O/C 5 ms
stage blocking
Start delay with receiving relay <40 ms
+ retarding time for the blocking GOOSE delay <10 ms
signal *) (Type 1A, Class P1)
ALL TOGETHER 100…120 ms ALL TOGETHER 55…75 ms

June 22, 2020 Slide 18

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Sample Values

Sample Value Concept Sample Value Based Merging Unit/Relay

• Merging Unit: The interface of the instrument transformers
Centralized (both conventional & non-conventional) with relays is through a
Protection & device called Merging Unit (MU) or relays with MU capabilities
Control (CPC)
for Centralized Protection.
• MU is defined in IEC 61850-9-1 as interface unit that accepts
current transformer (CT)/voltage transformer (VT) & binary
inputs (BI) & produces multiple time synchronized serial
unidirectional multi-drop digital point to point outputs to
provide data communication via the logical interfaces.
• IEC 61850-9-2LE or IEC 61869-9 defines a sampling frequency of
4 kHz (in 50 Hz networks) & 4.8 kHz (in 60 Hz networks) for raw
measurement values to be sent to subscribers (CPC unit or
protection relay in some cases) to emulate the signals from
instrument transformers or sensors. The relays or CPC unit will
then be able to run its protection & measurement functions
without having to make any adaptions.

June 22, 2020 Slide 19

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Specific Communication Mapping

• The abstract data & object models of IEC 61850 define a

standardized method of describing power system devices that
enables all Relays to present data using identical structures
that are directly related to their power system function.
• The Abstract Communication Service Interface (ACSI) models
of IEC 61850 define a set of services & the responses to those
services that enables all IEDs to behave in an identical manner
from the network behavior perspective.
• In addition to the mapping to the application layer, Part 8.1
defines profiles for the “other” layers of the communication
stack that are dependent on the service provided. The Sampled
Values & GOOSE applications map directly into the Ethernet
data frame thereby eliminating processing of any middle
layers; the MMS Connection Oriented layer can operate over
TCP/IP or ISO; all data maps onto an Ethernet data frame using
either the data type “Ethertype” in the case of Sampled Values,
GOOSE, TimeSync, & TCP/IP or “802.3” data type for the ISO &
GSSE messages.

June 22, 2020 Slide 20

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Engineering – SCL Concept

• IEC 61850-6 specifies a Substation Configuration Language

(SCL) that is based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
to describe the configuration of IEC 61850 based systems.
• The various SCL files include system specification description
(SSD), IED capability description (ICD), substation
configuration description (SCD), & configured IED description
(CID) files. All these fi les are constructed in the same methods
& format but have different scopes depending on the need.
• SCL enables the sharing of IED configuration among users &
suppliers to reduce or eliminate inconsistencies &
misunderstandings in system configuration & system
requirements. Users can provide their own SCL files to ensure
that IEDs are delivered to them properly configured.

June 22, 2020 Slide 21

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Importance of Conformance Testing

• Conformance Testing: For the success of multi-vendor

substation automation system with IEC 61850 protocol, an
effective process & set of procedures for verifying IEC 61850
products is needed. IEC 61850-10 describes the technical &
documentation requirements for product conformance testing
to the standard. Conformance testing of IEC 61850 based
devices will provide the verification that the documentation,
communication & data model specifications have been
implemented correctly according to the IEC 61850 standard.
The objective of conformance testing is to give confidence to
users before actual system integration that certified devices
from different manufacturers will inter-operate flawlessly
under normal, stress & error situations. Conformance testing
significantly reduces the risk of costly & time-consuming
problems occurring during system integration & operation.

June 22, 2020 Slide 22

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Beyond conformance testing (Interoperability)

• Interoperability testing is not in the scope of the IEC standard

or UCAIug accredited test labs & testing procedures. Standard
conforming products from different suppliers or different
products from the same supplier need not fulfill the same
functional scope of supply.
• The interoperability test is testing the dynamic & inter-
operable interaction of at least two IEDs in a Substation
Automation System covering all potential configurations as far
as possible. Also, the performance of services including delays
caused by communication equipment like switches is verified.
The interoperability testing in customer projects consists of
project related tests, based on the customer specification for
an ordered Substation Automation System.
• It is always recommended to carry out interoperability test
before deciding the IEDs for the project to avoid any potential
risk between specification or requirement against actual
substation automation functionality. Always remember,
Protection Relays can have conformance with IEC 61850
standards however still not be inter-operable in a system.

June 22, 2020 Slide 23

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Ethernet Redundancy

June 22, 2020

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Ethernet Redundancy

• High speed & highly reliable substation communication

network is critical in any substation. IEC 61850-90-4:
Communication networks & systems for power utility
automation – Part 90-4: Network engineering guidelines can be
handy to design such network.
• Substations operate round the clock & hardly shut down for
maintenance, protection system involved must isolate the
primary plant in the faulted zone immediately. Under such
dynamic conditions, file & data transfer over Ethernet in a
digital protection scheme, if experienced a mal-function, could
spell disaster for the protection scheme.
• Utilities & industries have been striving to have reliable
communications between substation assets like protection
relays & substation automation systems (SAS) that can
monitor, record & clear system disturbances within the least
possible time.
• A usual requirement is the avoidance of any single point of
failure, which implies the introduction of redundancy.

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Ethernet Redundancy

IEC 61850-5, Clause 11.4.4, Table 7 • A key parameter for redundancy network designed is how long a
substation application tolerates an interruption of the
communication due to recovery from a failure without
consequences on the substation.
• IEC 61850-5 specifies in particular the different requirements on
recovery time between station bus & process bus.
• If an IEC 61850 frame is not received in a timely manner, it loses
its usefulness; & being late could be worse than being lost.
• A network should be designed from the start with full
redundancy to utilize the full communication services as defined
by IEC 61850.
• Numerous protocols provide partial or full network redundancy;
the concepts are described in IEC 62439-1. However, we will
focus on RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), PRP (Parallel
Redundancy Protocol) & HSR (High-availability Seamless
Redundancy) for IEC 61850 based substation.

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Ethernet self-healing ring topology

• RSTP is primarily intended for automatic LAN configuration &

loop prevention, it provides redundancy against link & bridge
failures.
• Although RSTP does not provide seamless recovery (0 msec loss
of communication) however carefully engineered RSTP network
with restrictions specified in IEC 62439-1:2010 can recovers fast
enough (as per IEC 61850-90-4 standard, RSTP recovery time in
best case scenario will be approx. 200 msec for 40 nodes) for
most applications that use the station bus or non-critical IEC
61850 traffic.
• However, RSTP should not be used for traffic like time critical
GOOSE messages (Type 1A, Class P1/P2) & Sample Values since
as per IEC 61850-5 recovery time for such IEC 61850 services are
either close to 4 msec or bumpless.
• IEC 62439 specifies in part 3 two seamless systems: PRP & HSR.
The PRP & HSR protocols provide seamless recovery or zero
communication frame loss & therefore can be used for
demanding applications like time critical GOOSE messages
and/or Sample Values.

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
HSR - communication redundancy

• HSR (High-availability Seamless

Redundancy) IEC 62439-3 Clause 5 If the ring
is broken, messages will still arrive over the
intact path. A broken ring is easily detected
since duplicate messages are no longer
received.
• Normal condition Message from IED is sent
via both links (“A” & “B”) to the SCADA via HSR
A B A B A B
ring.

A B A B A B A B A B

June 22, 2020 Slide 28

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
HSR - communication redundancy

• HSR (High-availability Seamless

Redundancy) IEC 62439-3 Clause 5 If the ring
is broken, messages will still arrive over the
intact path. A broken ring is easily detected
since duplicate messages are no longer
received.
Broken comm. link • Normal condition Message from IED is sent
via both links (“A” & “B”) to the SCADA via HSR
A B A B A B
ring.
• Operation under failure condition Failure
recognized in HSR ring (“A” link). Message is
A B A B A B A B A B received by SCADA via healthy part of ring
(“B” link)

June 22, 2020 Slide 29

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
PRP- communication redundancy

• PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) IEC

62439-3 Clause 4
• The communication network is fully
duplicated.
A B
• If only one packet is received, the receiver
knows the other path is broken.
• Normal condition Message is received in
LAN A LAN B
COM600 via both parallel links (LAN “A” & LAN
“B”)

A B A B A B A B A B

June 22, 2020 Slide 30

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
PRP- communication redundancy

• PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) IEC

62439-3 Clause 4
• The communication network is fully
duplicated.
A B
• If only one packet is received, the receiver
knows the other path is broken.

LAN A LAN B
• Operation under failure condition
Broken comm. link
• Failure recognized in PRP network (LAN “A”)
• Message is received in COM600 via healthy
link (LAN “B”)
A B A B A B A B A B

June 22, 2020 Slide 31

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Summary

June 22, 2020

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Summary

• The features & characteristics of IEC 61850 that enable unique advantages are so numerous that they cannot practically be listed
here.
• IEC 61850 enables devices to quickly exchange data & status using GOOSE & GSSE over the station LAN without having to wire
separate links for each relay. This significantly reduces wiring costs by more fully utilizing the station LAN bandwidth for these signals
& construction costs by reducing the need for trenching, ducts, conduit, etc.
• Thanks for Sample Values support by IEC 61850 standard, it is possible to transfer of analog information, high frequency
consolidated raw voltage & current measurement packets from conventional instrument transformer or sensors between relays
and/or CPC (centralized protection & control) units which offers very high level of flexibility & easy deployment of protection & control
functionality in ever changing distribution gird scenarios.
• Conformance testing of IEC 61850 based devices will provide the verification that the documentation, communication & data model
specifications have been implemented correctly according to the IEC 61850 standard.
• IEC 61850 standard support inter-operable & future proof substation automation & it is highly important to choose redundancy
strategy from the beginning. It will be challenging to change over from one network redundancy to other i.e. RSTP to either HSR/PRP
during normal day to day substation operation.

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet Redundancy
Questions & Answers

Sushil Joshi
Global Product Marketing Manager – India & Middle East
Distribution Automation
Electrification, Distribution Solutions

ABB Industries (L.L.C)

Al Quoz Industrial Area
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: +971 549970911

http://new.abb.com/medium-voltage/distribution-automation

June 22, 2020 Slide 34