SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT

WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT

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WHAT IS WASTEWATER
• is a byproduct of domestic, industrial, commercial or
agricultural activities
• All dirty water from all the schools, restaurants, commercial
establishments, hospitals, farms, floodwater and all the possible
dirty water you can think of is considered wastewater.
• Some wastewater contain hazardous dissolved toxins and
chemicals, whiles others contain particles, sediments and
suspended matter of all sizes
• Comes in three main types namely blackwater, graywater
and yellow water

SOURCE OF WASTEWATER
• Domestic Wastewater
• Industrial Wastewater

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DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
• originates from domestic household activities, it can also
include water that is discharged from commercial and business
buildings and institutions, along with ground water.
• The source of domestic wastewater typically consists of
liquid discharge from sanitary facilities, bathing, laundry and
cooking.
• This type of water can be treated due to its characteristics

3 MAIN TYPES OF WASTE WATER

• Black water
• Gray water
• Yellow water

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BLACK WATER
• this is the water that originate from the Septic tank, toilet
fixture, dishwasher, food preparation sinks and water from
the canal.
• It is made up of all the things that you can imagine going
down the toilets, bath and sink drains
• Are known to be highly contaminated with dissolved
chemicals, particulate matter and is very pathogenic

GRAY WATER
• is the water that originate from non toilet and food fixture
such as bathroom, washing and rain water.
• Is treated very differently from blackwater and is usually
suitable for re-use.

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YELLOW WATER
• Basically from urine collected with specific channel and not
contaminated with either black and gray water.

HOW CAN WE TREAT WASTEWATER

Wastewater treatment - is a process used to

convert wastewater into effluent that can be
returned to the water cycle.

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What is Wastewater Treatment?

• It is the process of removing contaminants on the wastewater
• Removing of the suspended solids as possible before returning to river
and other body of water.
• Is the process of converting wastewater – water that is no longer needed
or is no longer suitable for use – into water that can be discharged back
into the environment.

OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT

• To comply to R.A. 9275 or Philippine Clean Water Act
• To comply on the effluent standard (DAO 2016-08)
• To extract pollutants, remove toxicants, neutralize particles, kill pathogens
so that quality of discharged water is improved to reach the permissible
level of water to be discharged into water bodies
• Preservation of water quality of natural water resources
• To make wastewater usable for other purposes
• Prevention of harmful diseases

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PROCESSES TO TREAT WASTEWATER

1. PHYSICAL WATER TREATMENT
2. BIOLOGICAL WATER TREATMENT
3. CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT
4. SLUDGE TREATMENT

Preliminary Treatment of Wastewater

• This is the first step in wastewater treatment and its objective is
to remove large debris, coarse solids and heavy inorganic
material contained in the wastewater flow.
• It consists of physical operations such as:
1. Screening - Removes heavy solids in wastewater such
as rags, paper, plastics, sticks and metals to prevent
damage and clogging of downstream equipment.
2. Floatation - It is used for separation of floatable and
suspended solid particles from waste water
3. Grit removal - are used to slow down the flow so that solids
such as sand, ash, cinder and eggshells will settle out of the
water and it can be removed manually or mechanically

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Primary Treatment of Wastewater

• Large debris and grit removed in the preliminary treatment is
directed to primary treatment operations and it’s objective is the
removal of organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation and
the removal of materials that will float (scum) by skimming.
• It is consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent
basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil,
grease and lighter solids float to the surface.
• The settled and floating materials are removed and the
remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to
secondary treatment.
• In this treatment about 50-70% of suspended solids, 35% of
BOD will get reduced and it removes very few toxic chemical

Secondary Treatment of Wastewater

• This treatment involves a biological process and it’s objective is
the further treatment of the effluent from primary treatment to
remove the residual organics and suspended solids
• Biological treatment process for secondary treatment are
classified as aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) and anaerobic
(in the absence of oxygen).
• In most of the cases, secondary treatment involves biological
treatment processes called Activated sludge Process. Aerated
Lagoon, Trickling filters, Oxidation Pond, Rotating biological
contactors
• During this process, primary effluent enters aeration tank
where air is mixed with sludge and hence many
microorganisms remove biodegradable organic matter

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Secondary Treatment of Wastewater

• It is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve
a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage
treatment plant with physical phase separation to remove settle
able solids and a biological process to remove dissolved and
suspended organic compounds
• It generally removes 80-90% of all the pollutants have been
removed and large proportion of toxic chemicals are removed

Different Process of Waste Water Treatment Plant

• Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
• Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
• Rotary Biological Contactor (RBC)

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Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR)

It is a variant of Conventional Activated Sludge
system based on suspended growth principle. In
conventional activated sludge system the treatment
steps of biological reaction and clarification are
carried out in separate tanks on continuous basis
while in SBR all the treatment steps are carried out
in the same reactor in a timed sequence.

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

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Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)

It is consists of a tank with submerged but
floating plastic media having specific gravity less
than 1.0. The large surface area of the plastics
provide abundant surface for bacterial growth.
Biomass grows on the surface as a thin film
whose thickness usually varies between 50-300
microns. Each individual bio carrier increases
productivity through providing protected surface
area to support the growth of heterotrophic and
autotrophic bacteria within its cells.

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MBBR PLASTIC MEDIA

Its surface is especially
designed to provide a
suitable home for biological
colonies of bacteria and
protozoa to grow and
flourish.

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ROTARY BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR(RBC)

It is a biological treatment process used in the treatment
of wastewater following primary treatment. The primary
treatment process means protection by removal of grit
and sand and coarse material through a screening
process followed by a removal process of sediment by
settling

ROTARY BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR(RBC)

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SYSTEM DESIGN

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

SBR SYSTEM

Effluent Standard Set by Department of Environment and

Natural Resources (DENR) DAO 2016-08(NEW PARAMETERS
STANDARD FOR CLASS “C” WATER)
Parameter Minimum required by DENR
PH 6.5 – 9.0
BOD 50 mg/L
COD 100 mg/L
TSS 70 mg/L
Color 150 PCU
Oil and Grease 5 mg/L
Coliform 400 MPN / 100 mg/L
AMMONIA as NH3 –N 0.5 mg/L
NITRATE NO3 – N 14mg/L
PHOSPHATE 1 mg/L
SURFACTANTS(MBAS) 15 mg/L

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TREATMENT PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Wastewater
Flow Rate (cubic/day)

Holding Tank
Roots Blower

FOG Equalization
Chamber

SBR Aerobic Digestion

Chamber Chamber
chlorine
Clarifier
Product Tank
Tank

Effluent

TERTIARY WATER TREATMENT

FILTERS

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1. MULTIMEDIA FILTER
• Water multimedia filter by far is the most common type of water filtration, they
contain multi layers of media.
• A Multi Media Filter is used to reduce the level of suspended solids (turbidity) in
incoming feed water. Suspended solids consist of small particles such as silt, clay,
grit, organic matter, algae and other microorganisms.

• A Multi Media Filter typically contains three layers of media consisting of

anthracite coal, sand and garnet, with a supporting (non filtering) layer of gravel
at the bottom.
• The larger (but lighter) anthracite coal will be on top and the heavier (but smaller)
garnet will remain on the bottom. The filter media arrangement allows the largest
dirt particles to be removed near the top of The media bed with the smaller dirt
particles being retained deeper and deeper in the media. This allows the entire
bed to act as a filter allowing much longer filter run times between backwash and
more efficient particulate removal.

MULTIMEDIA FILTER

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2. ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

• are generally employed in the process of removing organic compounds and/or
extracting free chlorine from water, thereby making the water suitable for
discharge or use in manufacturing processes.
• Eliminating organics in potable water, such as humic and fulvic acid, prevents
chlorine in the water from chemically reacting with the acids and forming
trihalomethanes, a class of known carcinogens.
• Activated Carbon (AC) filtration, as with any water treatment method, is not
capable of removing every possible type of contaminant. For example, sodium,
microbes, fluoride, and nitrates cannot be removed with AC filtration

ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

• Water softening also cannot be achieved with AC filters. In addition, heavy
metals, such as lead, can only be removed with a very specific kind of activated
carbon water treatment, which is typically used only in residential point-of-use
filters
• Water softening also cannot be achieved with AC filters. In addition, heavy
metals, such as lead, can only be removed with a very specific kind of activated
carbon water treatment, which is typically used only in residential point-of-use
filters

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ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

• Prior to being used for water treatment, the organic mass must then be
"activated." The process of activation opens up the carbon’s massive number of
pores and further drives off unwanted molecules. The open pores are what allow
the carbon to capture contaminants, known as "adsorption". The rate of
adsorption for a surface area of a just one pound of AC is equal to 60-150 acres.

ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

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1. FINE BUBBLE AIR DIFFUSER

• Fine bubble diffusers produce a plethora of very small air bubbles which rise
slowly from the floor of a wastewater treatment plant or sewage treatment plant
aeration tank and provide substantial and efficient mass transfer of oxygen to the
water
• The oxygen, combined with the food source, sewage, allows the bacteria to
produce enzymes which help break down the waste so that it can settle in the
secondary clarifiers or be filtered by membranes.
• commonly manufactured in various forms: tube, disc, plate, and dome.

FINE BUBBLE AIR DIFFUSER

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2. COARSE BUBBLE AIR DIFFUSER

• Coarse bubble diffusers produce 1/4 to 1/2 inch (6.4 to 13 mm) bubbles which
rise rapidly from the floor of a wastewater treatment plant or sewage treatment
plant tank.
• They are typically used in grit chambers, equalization basins, chlorine contact
tanks, and aerobic digesters, and sometimes also in aeration tanks.

• Coarse bubble diffusers typically provide half the mass transfer of oxygen as
compared to fine bubble diffusers, given the same air volume.

COARSE BUBBLE AIR DIFFUSER

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STP MONITORING

STP MONITORING
WHAT WE NEED TO MONITOR?
1. MOTOR CURRENT IN AMPERE(A)
2. TIME OF OPERATION
A. ROOTS BLOWER
B. TRANSFER/RE-FILL
C. DECANT
D. PUMPS
E. CHLORINE DOSING

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SAMPLE MONITORING SHEET

SAMPLE MONITORING SHEET

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DESIGN CALCULATION

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

SBR SYSTEM

DESIGN BASIS
Waste Water Source from?
WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW AND CHARACTERISTICS:

PROCESS DESIGN FLOW AND CHARACTERISTICS:

PROJECT
CLIENT
LOCATION
WASTEWATER SOURCE
LOADING CRITERIA:
WASTEWATER FLOWRATE
(Q)
AVERAGE FLOWRATE (QAVE)
PEAK FLOWRATE
INFLUENT BOD5
INFLUENT COD
INFLUENT TSS
INFLUENT VSS
INFLUENT OIL & GREASE

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SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

CONSTANT DESIGN BASIS :
1. Average Number of Person / Room = 3 Person
2. Water Consumption /Room. Day = 230 Liters or 0.230 m3/day
3. Daily Peak Factor = 2.5
4. Standard 𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 80 g BOD5 / person. Day
5. Standard Suspended Solid = 90 g /Person. Day
6. The aeration time = 1.0 day
7. The oxygen transfer efficiency =6%
8. The specific weight of air = 1.26 kg/m3
9.The hydraulic detention time for settling tank(HDT) = 0.5 h

SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

CONSTANT DESIGN BASIS :
13. Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) = 3200 (mg/L)
14. Food to microorganism (F/M) ratio = 0.12(𝑑 )

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SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

The total number of person ?

FORMULA:
𝑇 = (Number of Rooms )X (Number of person per room)
EXAMPLE :
𝑇 = (300 Room)(3 person/Room)

= 900 Person

SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

The corresponding average flow rate ?

FORMULA :
𝐴 = ( Number of Person) X (Standard water consumption /person. Day)

EXAMPLE :

𝐴 = (900 Person)(0.230 m3 / person. Day)

= 207 m3 / Day

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SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

The corresponding peak daily flow rate?

FORMULA :

Peak Daily Flow Rate = ( Average Flow rate ) X ( Daily Peak Factor )

EXAMPLE :
Peak Daily Flow Rate = (207m3/day)(2.5)

= 517.5m3/day

SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

Volume of the basin?
FORMULA :
Where:
Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) = 3200 mg/l
Food to microorganism (f/m) = 0.12
V = FLOW (𝒎𝟑 /d)*(BOD) mg/L
MLVSS * f/m
EXAMPLE :

V = 207 ((𝒎𝟑 /d) x 300 mg/L)

3200(mg/L) x 0.12(𝒅 𝟏
)
= 161.72 𝒎𝟑

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SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

Volume of each basin?
FORMULA :
𝑉 = Volume .
Number of basin
EXAMPLE :
Let say we have 4 basin

V = 161.72 𝑚
4
= 40.43 𝑚

SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

Area of each basin?
FORMULA :
𝐴 = volume
depth
EXAMPLE :
Let say we have 3.5 meters
𝐴 = 40.43
3.5
= 11.55 𝑚

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SAMPLE SBR COMPUTATION

Width of each basin?
FORMULA:
𝑊 = Area
Length
EXAMPLE:
Let say the require length is 4 meter
𝑊 = 11.55
4
= 2.89 m = 3.0 m
Size of Each Tank = 4.0m x 3.0m x 3.5m

HRT For The Basin

Formula :
Where:
HRT = Hydraulic Retention Time
V = Volume
Q = Flowrate
Hrt =V
Example :
Q
Hrt = 161.72
207
= 0.78
To convert by hour = 0.78X 24hr
= 18.72  19 hr

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Pump Capacity
• Assuming pump running period per cycle = 15 min
• Pump Capacity
= Volume x 60
Running time
= 161.71 x 60
15
= 646.84 𝑚 /hr
• Provide 2 nos (1 working + 1 stand by) each capacity 646.84 𝑚 /hr

Pump Capacity
• Formula:
𝑃 𝑘𝑤 = .
Where
q = Flowrate
p = density of fluid = pure water = 1000 kg/𝑚
g = Acceleration of gravity = 9.81 m/𝑠
h = differential head

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Pump Capacity
• Formula:
𝑃 𝑘𝑤 = .
Example

. / )( / )( . / )( )
𝑃 𝑘𝑤 = .

𝑃 𝑘𝑤 = , ,

𝑃 𝑘𝑤 = 17.626𝑘𝑤 = 23. 367 ℎ𝑝  24hp

TREATED WATER DAO 2016-08 PARAMETERS

Parameter Minimum required by DENR

PH 6.5 – 9.0
BOD 50 mg/L
COD 100 mg/L
TSS 70 mg/L
Color 150 PCU
Oil and Grease 5 mg/L
Coliform 400 MPN / 100 mg/L
AMMONIA as NH3 –N 0.5 mg/L
NITRATE NO3 – N 14mg/L
PHOSPHATE 1 mg/L
SURFACTANTS(MBAS) 15 mg/L

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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

SBR TYPE

DISCHARGE SAMPLE

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VALUE:

CLEAN WATER

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THANK YOU

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