Clinical Laboratory facility, drug rehabilitation center,

hospital based clinical laboratories.

o Provide accurate and reliable o Free-standing – not part of an
information to medical doctors for the established institution. (Free-standing
diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and out-patient clinical laboratory.
management of diseases.
o 70% of all decisions performed are According to Ownership
based on laboratory test results. o Government-owned – owned, whole or
o Involved in research, community partially by national or local
outreach programs, surveillance, government units. (DOH: San Lazaro
infection control in the hospital and Hospital, Jose R. Reyes Memorial
community, information dissemination, Medical Center, UP-Philippine General
and evaluation of the applicability of Hospital. LGU: Ospital ng Maynila
current and innovative diagnostic Medical Center, Sta. Ana Hospital, and
technologies. Bulacan Medical Center.
o Privately-owned – owned, established,
4 Changes and operated by an individual,
1. Shifting Demographics corporation, institution, association, or
2. Emergence of new and re-emergence of organization. (St. Luke’s Medical center,
infectious and non-infectious diseases. Makati Medical Center, and MCU-
3. Demand for a more efficient and FDTMF Hospital)
effective workflow
4. New Government Institutional Policies According to Service Capability
o Primary Category – routine urinalysis,
Classification of Clinical Laboratories routine stool examination, routine
According to Function hematology or CBC that includes
o Clinical Pathology – diagnosis and hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and RBC
treatment of diseases through testing count, WBC differential count and
of blood and other body fluids. Clinical qualitative platelet count, blood typing,
chemistry, immunohematology and and Gram staining. Equipment are
blood banking, medical microbiology, microscopes, centrifuge, hematocrit
immunology and serology, hematology, centrifuge. 10 square meters.
parasitology, clinical microscopy, o Secondary Category – routine clinical
toxicology, therapeutic drug chemistry like blood glucose
monitoring, and endocrinology. concentration, blood urea nitrogen,
o Anatomic Pathology - diagnosis and blood uric acid, blood creatinine,
treatment of diseases through cholesterol determination, qualitative
microscopic examination of tissues and platelet count. If hospital based, Gram
organs. Histopathology, stain, KOH mount, and crossmatching.
immunohistopathology, cytology, Equipment are microscopes, centrifuge,
autopsy, and forensic pathology. Hematocrit centrifuge, semi-automated
chemistry analyzers, autoclave,
According to Institutional Characteristics incubator, and oven. 20 square meters.
o Institution-based – part of an institution o Tertiary Category – licensed to perform
such as hospital, school, medical clinic, all the laboratory tests. Equipment are
medical facility for overseas worker and automated chemistry analyzer,
seafarers, birthing home, psychiatric biosafety cabinet class II, serofuge. 60
square meters
 o immunology and serology 7, 8, 9 Apr-Jun
o microbiology, bacteriology, and 10, 11, 12, CARAGA, May-Jul
mycology ARMM
o special clinical chemistry
o special hematology
o immunohematology and blood Sections of the Clinical Laboratory
banking Clinical chemistry
o National Reference Laboratory o Testing of blood and other body fluids
o Referral services o FBS, glycosylated hemoglobin, high- and
o Provision of confirmatory low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides,
testing blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen,
o Assistance for Research creatinine for diagnosis of disease, total
Activities protein, albumin, electrolytes, clinical
o Implementation of External enzymology
Quality Assurance Program
o Resolution of conflicts Microbiology
regarding test results o Bacteriology, mycobacteriology,
o Training of medical mycology, and virology
technologists on certain o Microscopic visualization of
specialized procedures. microorganisms after staining, isolation,
and identification of bacteria and fungi.
o Preparation of culture media and stains
Laws on the Operation, Maintenance, and o Identification of mycobacterium,
registration of Clinical Laboratories in the antimicrobial susceptibility training.
Philippines
Hematology and Coagulation Studies
Republic Act No. 4688 o Enumeration of cells in the blood and
o Clinical Laboratory Act other body fluids.
o June 18, 1966 o CBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC
o Regulating the operation and differential count, red cell morphology
maintenance of clinical laboratories and and cell indices, quantitative platelet
requiring the registration of the same count and differential count, blood
with the department of health. smear preparation, and staining for
other body fluid.
Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001 o Cellular components of blood:
o Rules and Regulations Governing the Monocyte, Lymphocyte, Neutrophil,
Establishment, Operation and Eosinophil, Basophil, Macrophage,
Maintenance of Clinical Laboratories in Erythrocyte, Platelets
the Philippines
o Protect and promote the health of the Clinical Microscopy
people by ensuring availability of clinical o Routine and other special examination
laboratories that are properly managed. of urine (Macroscopic Examination)
o Stool/ Routine Fecalysis
Region Sched for Renewal of o Detection and Identification of parasitic
License worms and ova
NCR Jan-March
1, 2, 3, & CAR Feb-Apr Blood bank/ Immunohematology
4, 5, 6 Mar-May o Blood typing and Compatibility Testing
 o Screening for and identification of all Quality Assurance in the Clinical Lab
antibodies o Internal Quality Assurance System and
o Blood donation prompt screening, External Quality Assurance System
bleeding of donor, and post-donation
care. National Reference Laboratories-EQAS
o National Kidney and Transplant Institute
Immunology and Serology – Hematology and Coagulation
o Analysis of serum antibodies o Research Institute of Tropical Medicine
o Hepatitis B profile tests, serological test – Microbiology and Parasitology
for syphilis, and tests for hepatitis Cand o Lung Center of the Philippines – Clinical
dengue fever Chemistry
o East Avenue Medical Center – Drugs of
Abuse
Anatomic Pathology o San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS
Section of Histopathology/ Cytology Cooperative Center Laboratory (SACCL)
o Processing, cutting into sections, – Infectious immunology hepatitis B
staining, and preparation for surface antigen, human
microscopic examination by a immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C
pathologist. virus.

Specialized Section of the Laboratory

Immunohistochemistry
o Anatomical, clinical, and biochemical
techniques
o Detect presence of antigens in tissue
o Diagnosis of certain neurodegenerative
disorders
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
o DNA and RNA are identified and
sequenced to detect any pathologic
conditions.
o Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
o Screening genetic indicators of disease
and diagnosis of cancer and infectious
diseases.

Laboratory Testing Cycle

o Pre-analytic – Laboratory test
requisition/order, order reception,
patient preparation, specimen
collection, specimen transport and
processing.
o Analytic – Actual testing
o Post-analytic – Data transmission,
Result application, and Turnaround
time (TAT)