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    Reaction Second Order - Alkaline Hydrolysis of Ester

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    1) The document describes the kinetics of a second-order reaction, specifically the alkaline hydrolysis of esters. 2) It establishes a relationship between the concentration of hydroxide ions over time and the measured conductivity. 3) The rate of change in hydroxide ion concentration with respect to time follows the rate law for a second-order reaction, and integrating this rate law yields an equation that is linear with respect to time.

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    Reaction Second Order - Alkaline Hydrolysis of Ester

    Uploaded by

    Fe Sh
    482 views3 pages
    1) The document describes the kinetics of a second-order reaction, specifically the alkaline hydrolysis of esters. 2) It establishes a relationship between the concentration of hydroxide ions over time and the measured conductivity. 3) The rate of change in hydroxide ion concentration with respect to time follows the rate law for a second-order reaction, and integrating this rate law yields an equation that is linear with respect to time.

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    Reaction Second Order_alkaline Hydrolysis of Ester

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    1) The document describes the kinetics of a second-order reaction, specifically the alkaline hydrolysis of esters. 2) It establishes a relationship between the concentration of hydroxide ions over time and the measured conductivity. 3) The rate of change in hydroxide ion concentration with respect to time follows the rate law for a second-order reaction, and integrating this rate law yields an equation that is linear with respect to time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    482 views3 pages

    Reaction Second Order - Alkaline Hydrolysis of Ester

    Uploaded by

    Fe Sh
    1) The document describes the kinetics of a second-order reaction, specifically the alkaline hydrolysis of esters. 2) It establishes a relationship between the concentration of hydroxide ions over time and the measured conductivity. 3) The rate of change in hydroxide ion concentration with respect to time follows the rate law for a second-order reaction, and integrating this rate law yields an equation that is linear with respect to time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1

    Reaction Second Order





    Kinetic Experiments:
    Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters
    http://www-oc.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/index_e.html P. Keusch Fachdidaktik Chemie


    Relationship between concentration and conductivity
    The specific conductance of the reaction mixture is determined by the presence of
    the free mobile ions. involves the respective molar conductivities of the ions (
    i
    ) and
    the corresponding molar ion concentrations (c
    i
    ):
    =
    OH
    c
    OH
    +
    A
    c
    A
    +
    Na
    c
    Na
    (1)
    The concentration of the hydroxide ions (c
    OH
    ) x is indicated by x, the initial concen-
    tration by x
    0 .
    Thus, due to the reaction equation the concentration of the carbonic acid
    anions (c
    A
    ) is given by
    c
    A
    = x
    0
    - x (2)
    Equation (1) becomes to:
    = (
    OH
    -
    A
    ) x +
    Na
    c
    Na
    +
    A
    x
    0
    (3)
    Using the constants
    A = (
    OH
    -
    A
    ) and B =
    Na
    c
    Na
    +
    A
    x
    0
    is obtained:
    = Ax + B or x
    -
    =
    B
    A
    (4)
    Considering the conductance at the beginning of the reaction
    0
    yields:

    0
    = Ax
    0
    + B or x
    -
    0
    =

    0
    B
    A
    (5)
    x
    x
    -
    -
    0
    =

    0
    B
    B
    (6)
    If the initial concentration of the ester than the initial concentration of the hydroxide
    solution, then the hydroxide ions will be used up at the end of the reaction.
    2

    When t = then x = 0

    and in accordance to equation (4)
    B =

    (7)

    Substituting equation (7) into equation (6) gives:
    x
    x
    -
    -
    0
    =



    0
    (8)

    Thus the correlation between the concentration c
    OH
    = x and the conductivity is made.

    Concentration change with time
    Starting point for the study of the alkaline ester hydrolysis is the theoretical approach
    of a second order reaction.
    Second-order rate laws involve two reactants, and for both of them concentration will
    depend upon time.
    The change in the concentration of hydroxide ions (c
    OH
    ) with time is defined as
    follows
    E OH
    OH
    c c k
    dt
    dc
    = (9)
    k = rate constant
    c
    E
    = concentration of the ester.

    Because equivalent amounts of ester and hydroxide are reacting, c
    E
    can be expressed
    in terms of the hydroxide ion concentration (c
    OH
    = x).
    c a (x x)
    E 0
    = (10)
    x
    0
    = initial concentration of the hydroxide solution
    a = initial concentration of the ester

    Combining equation (10) and equation (9) gives:
    x) + x (a x
    0
    k
    dt
    dx
    = (11)
    The separation of the variables yields the following expression:
    3

    =

    t
    t
    x
    x
    0 0 0
    dt k
    ) x + x (a x
    dx
    (12)
    The symbol x is used both for the integration variable and for its upper limit.

    Provided that ax
    0 ,
    partial fraction decomposition: of the integrand on the left hand-
    side of equation (12) and integration yields:
    ln
    x (a x x)
    a x
    (a x ) k t
    0 0
    0
    +

    = (13)
    The reaction conditions of the alkaline ester hydrolysis (a = 2x
    0
    ) allow to simplify
    equation (13):
    ln
    1
    2
    x
    x
    1 x k t
    0
    0
    +
    |
    \

    |
    .
    | =

    (
    (14)
    By considering equation (8) the above expression my be rewritten as:
    ln
    1
    2
    -
    -
    1 x k t
    0


    0

    +
    |
    \

    |
    .
    | =

    (
    (15)
    This represents the equation of a straight line, whose slope is identical with x
    0
    k.

    If the decrease in the concentration of the hydroxide ions is monitored by pH probe
    measurement, the following relation is used:
    x
    x
    0
    c
    c
    OH(0)
    OH
    =
    (16)
    c
    K
    c
    OH

    (0)
    W
    H(0)
    =
    and
    c
    K
    c
    OH
    W
    H
    =
    (17)

    K
    W
    = equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water.


    Substituting (17) into equation (16) yields:
    x
    x
    c
    c
    10
    10
    10
    0 H
    H(0)
    pH
    pH(0)
    pH(0) - pH
    = = =

    (18)

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