Middle Lage

SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages is the period of European history extending from
about 500 to 1400–1500 C.E. The period was one of human
expansion, centralization and great political upheaval and
violence, resulting in the foundation of many modern European
countries. It was also dominated by a surge in Christianity leading
to the building of great cathedrals, clearing of large tracts of land
by peasants, settling of new towns and villages, and building of
great castles by local nobility.
DAILY LIFE
In the Middle Ages
DAILY LIFE IN MEDIEVAL TIMES
City enclosed by a wall
Buildings very close together
Animals nearby
Tanning and animal slaughtering industries nearby
without proper waste system – river dumping!
Poor sanitation
Structures mostly wood – fire hazard!
WOMEN'S ROLE
Supervise the household and would occasionally work
outside the home.
Women could help a husband manage a business, but few
women worked independently.
Preparing the dead for burial.
Spinning wool into yarn.
BUSINESS &
AGRICULTURE
In the Middle Ages
THE RISE OF GUILDS
Manage businesses (tanners, carpenters, bankers, etc.)
Regulates every aspects of business
Sets quality standards
Specifies method of production
HOW TO JOIN A GUILD?

1. Apprenticeship
2. Journeymen
3. Master Craftsman
IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL
TOOLS
Heavy plow/ Iron plow
Three-field crop rotation (8th Century)
Horse harness
Windmills
Water wheels
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
A manor was a self- sufficient agricultural
estate run by a lord and worked by peasants and serfs.
Many peasants at this time became serfs. A serf was a

peasant who was bound to the land and didn’t really own
any land of their own.
In exchange for their labor, the lords of the Manors did

owe the serfs protection in the event of invasion.
They also were able to keep a percentage of the crops

they produced on the manor for their own families.
EDUCATION
In the Middle Ages
MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITIES
The first Medieval University was in Bologna, Italy. The
students at the school formed their own guild in 1158.
University of Bologna
University at Oxford
University of Paris
AREAS OF STUDY IN MEDIEVAL
UNIVERSITIES
Grammar
Geometry
Rhetoric
Music
Logic
Astronomy
Arithmetic
TEACHING STYLES IN MEDIEVAL
UNIVERSITIES
Books were rare and expensive in the Middle Ages. The
main method of teaching was by lecture. Exams were given
when a student applied for a degree.
DEGREES OFFERED IN MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITIES
• Theology
• Law
• Medicine
LITERATURE
In the Middle Ages
CANTERBURY TALES
Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is perhaps
the first popular English work. The tales are a
collection of stories from the late 1300’s. The
book forms a story-telling contest by a collection
of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury
Cathedral. Together they provide an insight into
medieval life.
VERNACULAR LITERATURE
Latin was the language of Rome and was a
common language which could be used in churches
and at universities. A common language at
universities allowed students from many different
countries to be able to understand the teachings
there. *Troubadours were usually travelling poets
and musicians who would go from court to court
telling their stories of courtly love.
ARCHITECTURE
In the Middle Ages
Architecture begin to build in the Gothic Style: 1150
GOTHIC VS ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC ROMANESQUE
•Vaulted arches (pointed) •Rounded arch roof
•Flying buttresses •Thick walls with small windows
•Thinner walls, and stained glass stone roofs
windows
•More natural light
STAINED GLASSES GARGOYLE (Waterspout)
The stained glass A Gargoyle functioned as
windows of churches a grotesque. They were
were also used to teach meant to scare away evil
stories from the Bible to spirits, but often also
a mostly illiterate acted as water spouts for
population. the churches.
TOOLS/INVENTIONS
In the Middle Ages
ASTROLABE
Used by navigators and astronomers
Measures the position of the Sun and

stars accurately
COMPASS
Early version invented in medieval
Europe
Revolutionized sea navigation

EYEGLASSES
Invented around the 13th century
Improved vision for many people

GUNPOWDER
Changed medieval warfare
Led to the decline of medieval

knights
MECHANICAL CLOCK
Invented in the High Middle Ages
Provided accurate time measurement

SPINNING WHEEL
Widely used in medieval Europe
Increased efficiency in spinning

thread
STIRRUPS
Arrived in Eastern Europe around the
7th century
Transformed medieval cavalry warfare

TIDAL MILLS
Used water power for mechanical tasks
Early use of mechanical energy in medieval

times
HEALTH ISSUE
In the Middle Ages
THE BLACK DEATH
The Black Death or Bubonic Plague, was a bacterial
infection which killed 38 million of people throughout
Europe out of a pre-plague population of 75 million
Impacts of Black Death
•Decline in population
•Labor shortage
•Towns freed from feudal obligations
•Power of church declined
•Disruption of trade
RELIGION & MILITARY
In the Middle Ages
THE CHURCH SUPREME
Pope Innocent III declared the act of Papal Supremacy
WEAPONS OF THE CHURCH

1. Power of Salvation- administration of the sacraments
manipulate people and their leaders.
2. Excommunication -person can’t receive sacraments.
3. Interdict over an entire country- no one in the entire
country or region could receive the sacraments
PAPAL STATES AND SIMONY
Papal States are territories controlled by the Pope and the
Church. A practice known as developed where lords would
sell church offices. This is an important source of income for
lords and nobles.
Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) rigorously attacked the

problem, and the practice again became occasional rather
than normal. After the 16th century, it gradually
disappeared in its most flagrant forms with the
disendowment and secularization of church property.
CRUSADES
Knights and kings were attacking the Holy Lands
of the Middle East in the name of God and with the
blessing of the Christian Church during this volatile
period, which is sometimes called the Golden Age of
Chivalry. The goal was to drive the Muslim tribes
out of Palestine so that they could control the
sacred lands of Jesus and the Bible.By 1291, the
Crusades were at an end and the crusading soldiers
abandoned the area and returned home.
MILITARY ORDERS
After conquering Jerusalem in 1099, an army
was established to keep control of the city. This
lead to the establishment of numerous military
orders. These were a kind of association, group
representation or affiliation to a particular
leader, queen or cause; though all orders served
the Christian (Catholic) Church in Rome.
SECULARISM
The Age of Chivalry ebbed after several Crusades,
in which Jerusalem was won and lost, and its focus
was shifted toward vain and selfish pursuits. This
lead to the fighting of great wars-mostly between
England and France – due to bickering among
royal houses and noble families of different nations.
COURTS
By mid-1300 new orders like the Order of the Golden
Fleece were formed by royal courts. While knighthood
was once a noble profession, now knight becoming less
effective in the battle are more often were simple
sporting entertainment for royal families.
Religion became less influential and even trivialized by

some courts, 1337 saw the beginning of the The
Hundred Years War between England and France.
EMERGENCE OF
SCHOLASTICISM
Scholasticism is the effort to reconcile faith and reason.
To show that what was accepted on faith was in
harmony with what could be learned through reason
and experience.
THE DECLINE OF SUPREME POWER
During the 14TH century, the church power began to

decline. European kings did not want to accept the idea of
Papal Supremacy anymore.
REFERENCES
Medieval Inventions - Medieval Factory. (n.d.). In Medieval Inventions. Retrieved
March 25, 2024, from https://mfgsc-vic.libguides.com/c.php?g=916765&p=6610145
Medieval Era. (n.d.). In Medieval Times. Retrieved March 25, 2024, from
https://www.medievaltimes.com/education/medieval-era
PREPARED BY:
Arteta, Lea Loida O.
Ballon, Dana Althea Radjel
Enraca, Nicole G.
Mendones, Aira
Nacion, Sophia N.
Ortega, Clean Wendellyn F.
Samar, Ma. Jona C.
Villa, Bjhey
Viñas, Mark Jem B.
THANK
YOU

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SCIENCE AND

HOW TO JOIN A GUILD?

Many peasants at this time became serfs. A serf was a

In exchange for their labor, the lords of the Manors did

They also were able to keep a percentage of the crops

Measures the position of the Sun and

Revolutionized sea navigation

Improved vision for many people

Led to the decline of medieval

Invented in the High Middle Ages

Provided accurate time measurement

Increased efficiency in spinning

Transformed medieval cavalry warfare

Early use of mechanical energy in medieval

WEAPONS OF THE CHURCH

Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) rigorously attacked the

Religion became less influential and even trivialized by

During the 14TH century, the church power began to

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