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    Interpenetration of Solids Mee 202

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    Interpenetration of Solids Mee 202

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    Udoh
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    INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS MEE 202

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    8 views11 pages

    Interpenetration of Solids Mee 202

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    Udoh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS

    When one solid penetrates another solid then their surfaces intersect and at the junction of
    intersection a typical curve is formed, which remains common to both solids.
    This curve is called curve of intersection and it is a result of interpenetration of solids.

    PURPOSE OF DRAWING THESE CURVES:

    When two objects are to be joined together, maximum surface contact between both becomes a
    basic requirement for strongest and leak-proof joint. Curves of intersections being common to
    both intersecting solids, show exact and maximum surface contact of both solids.

    Lines and Curves of Intersections

    Lines of intersection are a common feature in engineering applications or products. The figure
    below shows few examples of intersection lines frequently observed in chemical plants, domestic
    appliances, pipe joints, etc. Curves of intersections are important from the point of view of
    production of components for engineering applications.

    Figure 1 Photographs of engineering components showing curves of intersection


    The two solids may intersect in different ways. The axes of the solids may be parallel, inclined or
    perpendicular to each other. The axes may be intersecting, offset or coinciding. Therefore, the
    following sub-cases exist:

    i. Axes perpendicular and intersecting


    ii. Axes perpendicular and offset
    iii. Axes inclined and intersecting
    iv. Axes inclined and offset
    v. Axes parallel and coinciding
    vi. Axes parallel and offset

    Cases of Intersection

    The cases of intersection depend on the type of intersecting solids and the manner in which they
    intersect. Two intersecting solids may be of the same type (e.g., prism and prism) or of different
    types (e.g., prism and pyramid). Possible combinations may include

    i. Prism-Cylinder
    ii. Prism- Cone
    iii. Prism – Sphere
    iv. Pyramid –Cylinder
    v. Pyramid – Cone
    vi. Cylinder – Cone
    vii. Cylinder – Sphere
    viii. Sphere- Cone

    The list is not exhaustive.

    The type of intersection created depends on the types of geometric forms, which can be two- or
    three dimensional. Intersections must be represented on multi-view drawings correctly and
    clearly. For example, when a conical and a cylindrical shape intersect, the type of intersection
    that occurs depends on their sizes and on the angle of intersection relative to their axes. The two
    solids may intersect in different ways. The axes of the solids may be parallel, inclined or
    perpendicular to each other. The axes may also be intersecting, offset or coinciding.

    The cases of intersection depend on


    i. Type of intersecting solids, and
    ii. Manner in which they intersect.
     When two solids bounded by plane surfaces such as prism and pyramid penetrate each
    other, we obtain straight lines as their line of intersection.
     Line of intersection between a plane surface and a curved surface of two solids such as
    prism and cylinder is a curve.
     The line of intersection between two curved surfaces of solids such as cylinder and cone
    is a curve.

    Intersection of Cylinder and Cylinder


    The line of intersection between cylinders will be curved since the lateral surfaces of cylinders
    are curved. Points on the intersection line can be located by either line method or cutting plane
    method. For plotting an accurate curve, the points at which the curve changes direction must also
    be located. These points lie on the outermost or extreme lines of each cylinder pierce the surface
    of the other cylinder. For obtaining the intersection of cylinder and cylinder, cutting plane
    method is more useful.

    INTERSECTION OF TWO CYLINDRICAL PIPES OF THE SAME DIAMETER


    JOINED AT RIGHT ANGLES

    Steps

    i. Draw the orthographic projection of the intersecting solids


    ii. Draw a semi circle at any convenient distance away from the plan and elevation
    iii. Divide the semi-circle into 6 equal parts
    iv. Project horizontal lines from the points on the plan semi-circle to touch the plan semi-
    circle of pipe
    v. Project these lines vertically to the elevation
    vi. Project horizontal lines from the points on the elevation semi-circle to intersect the
    corresponding vertical projection lines, to mark the lines of intersection

    Note: The lines of intersection for two cylinders of the same diameter are always straight lines

    INTERSECTION OF TWO CYLINDRICAL PIPES OF UNEQUAL DIAMETER


    JOINED AT RIGHT ANGLES

    Steps

    i. Draw the orthographic projection of the intersecting solids


    ii. Draw a semi circle at any convenient distance away from the plan and elevation
    iii. Divide the semi-circle into 6 equal parts
    iv. Project horizontal lines from the points on the plan semi-circle to touch the plan semi-
    circle of pipe
    v. Project these lines vertically to the elevation
    vi. Project horizontal lines from the points on the elevation semi-circle to intersect the
    corresponding vertical projection lines, to mark the lines of intersection

    Figure 2: Intersection of two cylindrical pipes of unequal diameter joined at right angles

    INTERSECTION OF TWO CYLINDRICAL PIPES OF UNEQUAL DIAMETER


    JOINED AT AN ANGLE

    i. Draw the orthographic projection of the intersecting solids


    ii. Draw a semi circle at any convenient distance away from the plan and front elevation
    iii. Divide the semi-circle into 6 equal parts
    iv. Project horizontal lines from the points on the plan semi-circle to touch the plan of the
    pipe
    v. Project these lines vertically to the front elevation
    vi. Project horizontal lines from the points on the elevation semi-circle to intersect the
    corresponding vertical projection lines, to mark the lines of intersection.
    Figure 3: Intersection of two cylindrical pipes of unequal diameter joined at an angle
    Question 1
    CASE 1: CYLINDER STANDING AND CYLINDER PENETRATING

    A cylinder 50mm diameter and 70mm axis is completely penetrated by another cylinder of
    40mm diameter and 70 mm axis horizontally. Both axes intersect and bisect each other. Draw
    projections showing curves of intersections.
    Question 2

    CASE 2: CYLINDER STANDING AND SQUARE PRISM PENETRATING

    A cylinder of 50mm diameter and 70mm axis is completely penetrated by a square prism of 25
    mm sides and 70 mm axis, horizontally. Both axes intersect and bisect each other. All faces of
    prism are equally inclined to the horizontal plane.

    Draw projections showing curves of intersections.


    Question 3:

    CASE 3. CYLINDER STANDING AND CONE PENETRATING

    A cylinder of 80 mm diameter and 100 mm axis is completely penetrated by a cone of 80 mm


    diameter and 120 mm long axis horizontally. Both axes intersect and bisect each other. Draw
    projections showing curve of intersections.
    Question 4:

    CASE 4: SQUARE PRISM STANDING AND SQUARE PRISM PENETRATING

    A square prism of 30 mm base sides and 70mm axis is completely penetrated by another square
    prism of 25 mm sides and 70 mm axis horizontally. Both axes intersect and bisect each other. All
    faces of prisms are equally inclined to the vertical plane.

    Draw projections showing curves of intersections.


    Question 5:

    CASE 5: CONE STANDING AND CYLINDER PENETRATING

    A vertical cone, base diameter 75 mm and axis 100 mm long, is completely penetrated by a
    cylinder of 45 mm diameter. The axis of the cylinder is parallel to the Horizontal plane and the
    Vertical plane and intersects the axis of the cone at a point 28 mm above the base. Draw
    projections showing curves of intersection.

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