Heron Research

Chapter I
Background of the Study
Introduction
Teenage Pregnancy had been a worldwide issue, and has raised large numbers of
campaigns and awareness to lessen its occurrence. The total number of this phenomenon is
increasing each year. Philippines is one of the Asian countries which shares similar situation. In a
study conducted by the National Demographic and Health Survey, one out of every young
Filipino women age 15 to 19 is already a mother or pregnant with a first child. Therefore, the
government in partnership with the different nongovernment agencies should exert efforts in
resolving this issue. Teenage Pregnancies are often associated with social development issues
such as lack of sufficient education and poverty. This often results to single parenthood which
catalyzes conditions that renders the mothers to become irresponsible. Hence, it conveys a social
stigma in various countries and cultures.
According to the PSA, there were 62,510 cases of teenage pregnancy in the country in
2019. However, even though the Philippine government has implemented several programs and
policies to address teenage pregnancy, such as ensuring the protection of the youth, especially
young girls in evacuation and relocation centers, symposiums, and others, more needs to be done
to ensure that the youth have adequate education and understanding about sex, and the
contraceptives they can use during intercourse. The researchers therefore conducted this study
entitled “Exploring the support system of BGMNHS in preventing teenage pregnancy” to help
better understand and gain insights on how the institution implement ways, programs, or
intervention to prevent teenage pregnancy.
Statement of the problem

This study aims to explore the support system of BGMNHS in preventing teenage
pregnancy.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
For Students:
1. Can you describe any school programs or activities that you are aware of that aim to
prevent teenage pregnancy?
2. How do these programs influence your understanding and attitudes towards sexual health
and responsibility?
3. Have you ever accessed support services related to reproductive health at school? If so,
what was your experience like?
For Teachers:
1. How do you integrate discussions about reproductive health and pregnancy prevention
into your curriculum?
2. What challenges do you face when addressing teenage pregnancy prevention with your
students?
3. 3. In what ways do you feel the school’s support system could be improved to better
assist students?
For Administrators:
1. What strategies has the school implemented to prevent teenage pregnancy among students?
2. How does the school measure the effectiveness of these strategies?
3. Can you share any success stories or areas where you think the support system could be
enhanced?
Significance of the study

This research was made with the aim to explore the support system of BGMNHS in preventing
teenage pregnancy. This study was considered beneficial to the following:
Students
The students will benefit from the study since it will increase their awareness and education
about reproductive health, which can lead to informed decision-making. And by understanding
the consequences and responsibilities associated with sexual activity, students can feel
empowered to make choices that align with their personal and educational goals.
Teachers
Teachers will benefit from the study by using the findings to develop resources and
curricula that address the specific needs of their students
School
This study will serve as basis to formulate or improve school policies and programs aimed
at reducing teenage pregnancy rates.
Community
The study will benefit the community by enhancing awareness, supporting preventive
measures against teenage pregnancy, and aiding in the formulation of effective policies.
Agencies like DOH

Agencies can use the study to implement targeted programs that address teenage pregnancy
within the community. The findings can also support advocacy efforts for reproductive health
education and services.
Future Researchers
The study will serve as a reference material for those students who would like to conduct
similar or related study.
Definition of terms
The following terms were operationally defined as follows:
Buenaventura G. Masigan National High School (BGMNHS)- refers to the school located in
San Isidro East, Santa Maria, Isabela.
Curriculum- refers to subjects taught at BGMNHS.
Extracurricular activities- refers to additional activities at school that are not belonging to the
curriculum like sports.
Support system-refers to programs or interventions aimed at preventing teenage pregnancy
among BGMNHS students.
Teenage Pregnancy-refers to pregnant adolescents aged 15-19.
Scope and Delimitations

The study will focus on the existing support systems within Buenaventura G. Masigan
National High School (BGMNHS) that aim to prevent teenage pregnancy. It will examine
the effectiveness of these systems, including educational programs, counseling services, and
access to healthcare resources. The research will also consider the perceptions and experiences of
students, teachers, and administrators regarding these support systems. The study will be limited
to BGMNHS and will not include comparisons with other schools or districts. It will only
concentrate on programs implemented during S.Y. 2023-2024.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
REASONS BEHIND TEENAGE PREGNANCY

According to Sinisa Franjic (2018), globally, early pregnancy often occurs in marginalized
communities. Most of these are due to poverty, lack of education, and lack of employment
opportunities.
According to what was explained by Fermin Mabulo, a mayor in San Fernando, Camarines
Sur, one of the reasons why some youths are involved in early pregnancy is due to the continued
spread of pornographic material, lack of parental guidance, peer pressure, and others (Ana-Liza
Macatangay 2022).
In an interview with Bombo Radio of Cauayan City, Regional Director Herita Macarrubo
of PopCom Region 2 stated that based on the data, the offices of City and Municipal Population
Officers are handing over the responsibility to the five provinces of Region 2, which are
conducting research about Cauayan City leading or having a high number of young people who
got pregnant early, and these are the provinces of Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Cagayan, and
Batanes. According to Popcom’s study, the cause of Teenage Pregnancy may be due to the family
of a youth not being intact or commonly children of OFWs who lack parental guidance and have
early sexual initiation (Bombo Ginar Marquez, April 7, 2021).”
And there are also studies that suggest being active on the internet is a reason why some
youths become pregnant early. According to BNFM Sorsogon, Josephine Chua, a Program
Officer IV of the Commission on Population or POPCOM in Bicol, is convinced that one of the
factors for the increase in teenage pregnancy in the region is the influence of social media,
making it very easy for the youth to be influenced by what they read or watch, including indecent
videos on social media (BNFM Sorsogon, November 8, 2022).
Joseli Famisan, a Provincial Population & Development Officer of Romblon, explained
that another possible reason for early pregnancy among some youths is being active on the
internet or social media, possibly watching indecent videos like porn. This can lead to curiosity
among the youth, prompting them to try at a young age (Paul Jaysent Fos, February 27, 2023).
CONSEQUENCES OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

The World Health Organization estimates that the risk of death following pregnancy is twice
as high for women aged 15-19 than for those aged 20-24. Early motherhood can affect the
psychological development of the infant.
When teen pregnancy occurs, the entire family will be affected which lead to stress that
will affect family relationships. The first predicament faced by the teen and her family is whether
or not to continue with the pregnancy and have the baby. The teenager usually feel that she is not
ready to take care of the baby and opted for abortion or may give it up for adoption. The
problems will get worse if it involve legal issue which may add to the pressure and stress that the
teen and the family encountered.
Pregnant adolescent are at higher risk to get mental health problems such as depression,
intense stress and pressure to become parents. They are faced with a lack of support from family
and community that will lead to depression, making wrong decisions and abusing drugs.
Because of the stigma of teenage pregnancy is still high in our community, pregnant teen
may deal with feelings of shame, guilt, anger, denial and may lead to depression and low self-
esteem. Eventually they will be afraid to seek help from friends, family or anyone about
becoming pregnant which lead to further isolation from society.
DIFFERENT TEENAGE PREGNANCY PREVENTIONS

According to campaigning for the use of condoms through visual material, and condoms be
placed in a specific room in the school so that learners could access them without any
embarrassment, will prevent adolescent from teenage pregnancy. They also created posters
which sends a strong message to use condoms, by using an acronym of some sort: Come On
Now, Do Oppose pregnancy until Marriage.
On the other hand, used different method by teaching teaching a topic each day starting
with getting pregnant, pregnancy, birth, babies, and ending with a day to discuss goals for the
future. The curriculum is set up to first identify and then correct assumptions about being a teen
parent. Each day builds on the previous, and the final result is a well-informed student with clear
ideas about what they want for their future.
According to City Health Officer Rosanna Barrion, the Poster Making Contest can also
be used as a method. “This activity is part of the advocacy to serve as an avenue to help our city
in enhancing programs for adolescents.” They will also continue to collaborate with the
barangays to ensure all their programs reach the youth.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter described the methods and procedures that were utilized in the study including
research design, sample, sampling procedures, research instruments, procedure for data
collection, and data analysis technique.
Research Design
This study will use case study approach, a qualitative research design that is used to
investigate an individual, a group of people or an event. The case study approach is particularly
useful to employ when there is a need to obtain an in-depth appreciation of an issue, event or
phenomenon of interest, in its natural real-life context
Researchers will use this method to gain an in-depth understanding of the support system at
Buenaventura G. Masigan National High School (BGMNHS) for preventing teenage pregnancy.
Sample
According to Aikunto (2006), sample is a number of individuals for a study in such a way
that the individuals represent the larger group from which they selected.
The sample will include students, teachers, and administrators at Buenaventura G.
Masigan National High School in San Isidro East, Santa Maria, Isabela, for the S.Y. 2023-2024,
encompassing both male and female students. Researchers will select 10 participants to ensure a
comprehensive exploration of diverse gaming experiences and preferences.
Sampling Procedures
According to Sugiyono (2012) purposive sampling is a technique to choose sample based
on specific considerations.
Researchers will use this method to include a diverse group of students, teachers, and
administrators who are directly involved with the support system.
Research Instrument
Data will be collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The
interview guide will include open-ended questions to explore the effectiveness of BGMNHS
support system in preventing teenage pregnancy
Data Collection Procedures

Interviews and focus groups will be conducted face-to-face to accommodate participants’
preferences and schedules. All sessions will be audio-recorded with the participants’ consent, and
transcripts will be created for analysis.
The researchers first will sought permission from the BGMNHS School principal, Ms.
Lydia M. Cauan, as well as the Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion Teacher, Research
Adviser, and Senior High School Coordinator, to conduct a study titled “Exploring the support
system of BGMNHS in preventing teenage pregnancy”. After receiving approval, the researchers
will compose an interview questions about respondents’ experience and perceptions on
BGMNHS teenage pregnancy prevention . After interviewing, all sessions will be audio-recorded
with the participants’ consent, and transcripts will be created for analysis.
Data Analysis Technique

Data will employ thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes within the data. Data
will be coded and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software.

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Chapter I

Background of the Study

Statement of the problem

Significance of the study

Agencies like DOH

Scope and Delimitations

REASONS BEHIND TEENAGE PREGNANCY

CONSEQUENCES OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

DIFFERENT TEENAGE PREGNANCY PREVENTIONS

Data Collection Procedures

Data Analysis Technique

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