所罗门群岛天堂被掠夺摧毁巴新中央

2024/6/29 18:33 所罗门群岛天堂被掠夺摧毁巴新中央 --- Solomon Islands Paradise Destroyed by Plunder | PNGi Central
INVESTIGATE.
ANALYSE. EXPOSE.
PNGi INVESTIGATES
SOLOMON ISLANDS
PARADISE DESTROYED BY
PLUNDER
09 Apr 2019 | 17 min read
By its own government’s estimation natural forests in the Solomon Islands could be
completely exhausted by 2036. [1]
据其政府估计，所罗门群岛的天然森林到 2036 年可能会完全耗尽。 [1]
When it comes to the exploitation of forests and mineral resources, the Solomon
Islands is PNG on steroids. It is a window into our future if we fail to stop rule by
mobocracy.
在森林和矿产资源的开发方面，所罗门群岛堪称巴布亚新几内亚的佼佼者。如果我们不能阻止暴
民统治，这将是我们通向未来的一扇窗户。
Plunder, environment destruction, and corruption, these are the familiar trio of evils
faced by the Solomon Islands.
掠夺、环境破坏、腐败，这是所罗门群岛所面临的熟悉的三重罪恶。
Nowhere is this epitomised more than Rennell Island
伦内尔岛最能体现这一点
This remote tropical island in the Pacific ocean has been laid to waste by years of
uncontrolled logging and mining, surrounded by the heavy stench of corruption.
https://pngicentral.org/reports/solomon-islands-paradise-destroyed-by-plunder/ 1/25
这个太平洋上的偏远热带岛屿因多年不受控制的伐木和采矿而被夷为平地，周围弥漫着严重的腐
败恶臭。
This is despite the eastern third of the island being placed on a UNESCO World
Heritage Danger List in 2013, in part because of the threats posed by logging and
mining to its unique biodiversity and ecological values.
尽管该岛东部的三分之一在 2013 年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产危险名单，部分原因是伐

木和采矿对其独特的生物多样性和生态价值构成了威胁。
In the latest episode of this ongoing tragedy, in the early hours of February 5, a ship
collecting bauxite from the island ran aground on coral reefs. It began leaching more
than 75 tonnes of heavy fuel oil just metres from the shore.
在这场持续不断的悲剧的最新一幕中，2 月 5 日凌晨，一艘从岛上收集铝土矿的船在珊瑚礁上搁
浅。它开始在距海岸仅数米处浸出超过 75 吨重燃油。
The Solomon Trader has leaked 75 tonnes of heavy fuel

oil into the sea and is still stranded on a coral
reef just metres from the shore.
Solomon Trader 号已向海中泄漏了 75 吨重油，目前仍搁浅在距离
海岸仅数米的珊瑚礁上。
In the weeks after the ship ran aground the international community, led by the
Australian government, was strident in its criticism of the mining company, the ship
owners and their insurers for their lack of interest in doing anything to control the
unfolding environmental disaster caused by the leaking oil.
在这艘船搁浅后的几周内，以澳大利亚政府为首的国际社会对这家矿业公司、船东及其保险公司
提出了尖锐的批评，因为他们没有兴趣采取任何措施来控制正在发生的环境灾难。漏油。
Behind the outrage lies years of illegal natural resource exploitation on Rennell
Island led by foreign businessman, including an Australian citizen. All of which
began while the nation was under the custodianship of hundreds of Australian
Federal police posted to the Solomon Islands as part of Australia’s $2.6 billion
regional assistance mission.
愤怒的背后是由包括一名澳大利亚公民在内的外国商人领导的伦内尔岛多年来的非法自然资源开
采行为。所有这一切都是在数百名澳大利亚联邦警察的监管下开始的，这些警察被派往所罗门群
岛，作为澳大利亚价值 26 亿美元的区域援助任务的一部分。
A PNGi investigation into this scandal has uncovered facts that echo our own
experience – it is a tale marked by dysfunctional government departments
undermined by corrupt businessmen and greedy, self-serving politicians all under
the watchful gaze of an international community more concerned with its own
economic interests than the plight of local people.
巴布亚新几内亚对这一丑闻的调查揭露了与我们自己的经历相呼应的事实——这是一个以功能
失调的政府部门为标志的故事，这些部门受到腐败商人和贪婪自私的政客的破坏，而所有这些都
受到更关心其自身经济的国际社会的监视。利益大于当地人民的困境。
______________________________________________
FOOTNOTE
[1] Central Bank of Solomon Islands, Annual Report 2011, p17
RENNELL ISLAND 伦内尔岛
Just eighty kilometres long and fourteen kilometres wide, Rennell Island is the
world’s largest raised coral atoll. It lies on the south western fringe of the Pacific
ocean and forms part of an archipelago divided up into different nation states by
European colonialists who laid claim to the region during the 18th and 19th centuries.
伦内尔岛长仅八十公里，宽十四公里，是世界上最大的凸起珊瑚环礁。它位于太平洋西南边缘，
是一个群岛的一部分，该群岛在 18 世纪和 19 世纪被欧洲殖民主义者划分为不同的民族国家。
The Solomon Islands is a chain of almost 1,000 small

islands and tiny atolls
所罗门群岛由近 1,000 个小岛和小环礁组成
While Bougainville to the north became part of Papua New Guinea, Rennell along
with more than 900 other atolls and islands became the Solomon Islands.
北部的布干维尔岛成为巴布亚新几内亚的一部分，而伦内尔以及其他 900 多个环礁和岛屿则成

为所罗门群岛。
Although the Solomon Islands was notionally granted political independence in 1978,
foreign exploitation of the region for cheap labour and agriculture, which began in
the mid 1800’s, has continued unabated.
尽管所罗门群岛于 1978 年名义上获得政治独立，但自 1800 年代中期开始，外国对该地区廉价

劳动力和农业的剥削依然有增无减。
Logging and mining are the most recent incarnations of colonial economic power,
under which most of the region continues to operate.
伐木和采矿是殖民经济力量的最新体现，该地区的大部分地区仍在继续经营。
LOGGING AND MINING 伐木和采矿

The Solomon Islands is richly endowed with tropical rainforests. Like PNG, these
forests fulfil a crucial role ensuring the economic, social, cultural and environmental
wellbeing of rural communities.
所罗门群岛拥有丰富的热带雨林。与巴布亚新几内亚一样，这些森林在确保农村社区的经济、社
会、文化和环境福祉方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
However, in 1981, Prime Minister Solomon Mamalona removed controls the large-
scale logging of Solomon Island forests.
然而，1981 年，所罗门·马马洛纳总理取消了对所罗门群岛森林大规模采伐的控制。
Professor Matthew Allen observes in The Political Economy of Logging in Solomon

Islands, removal of these controls left ‘unscrupulous loggers to directly engage with
naive, or in some cases conniving, customary land group representatives’. It also
transferred power from government officials to politicians in ‘a woeful tale of
corruption, greed, profligacy, patronage, tax avoidance, maladministration, incompetence,
and environmental destruction’.
马修·艾伦教授在《所罗门群岛伐木的政治经济学》中指出，取消这些控制措施导致“肆无忌惮的
伐木者直接与天真的，或者在某些情况下纵容的传统土地集团代表打交道”。它还将权力从政府
官员转移到政客手中，“这是一个充满腐败、贪婪、挥霍、庇护、避税、管理不善、无能和环境
破坏的悲惨故事”。
According to Global Witness, almost forty-years on, logging is continuing to lay

waste to most of the Solomon Islands’ (SI) forests.
据 Global Witness 称，近四十年过去了，伐木仍在继续毁坏所罗门群岛 (SI) 的大部分森林。
In 2017, the nation exported more than 3 million cubic metres of logs. This is more
than 19 times a conservative estimate of the annual sustainable harvest.
2017年，全国原木出口量超过300万立方米。这是每年可持续收成保守估计的 19 倍多。
According to Global Witness, a recent report from the SI Ministry of Finance suggests
that if logging activities continue at their current pace, natural forests will be
completely exhausted by 2036.
据 Global Witness 报道，SI 财政部最近的一份报告表明，如果伐木活动继续以目前的速度进

行，天然林将在 2036 年完全枯竭。
The continued rapacity of the logging industry has not prevented the rise of a new
form of natural resource exploitation in the Solomon Islands, that is foreign led and
owned.
伐木业的持续贪婪并没有阻止所罗门群岛一种由外国主导和拥有的新自然资源开采形式的兴起。
Many predict mining is poised to take over the country’s economy. It is a shift
that academic Graham Baines has warned threatens a move ‘from one unsustainable,
environmentally destructive and socially disruptive resource-development base to
another’.
许多人预测采矿业将接管该国的经济。学者格雷厄姆·贝恩斯警告说，这种转变可能会“从一个不
可持续的、破坏环境和社会破坏的资源开发基地转向另一个”。
On Rennell Island though it seems logging and mining have been proceeding hand in
glove.
在伦内尔岛上，伐木和采矿似乎一直在密切配合。
This is because the main mineral resource, bauxite, occurs in shallow pockets all
across the island. This means that ‘mining’ is much more akin to quarrying.
这是因为主要矿产资源铝土矿产于全岛的浅层区域。这意味着“采矿”更类似于采石场。
Small shallow pits are dug using excavators. The earth is then ferried to the coast for
loading onto ships for export.
使用挖掘机挖掘小浅坑。然后，地球被运送到海岸，装上船出口。
Image: A typical bauxite mining site on Rennell

Island. Credit /Ripples in Rennell.
图片：伦内尔岛的一个典型铝土矿开采点。伦内尔的信用/涟漪。
This is not only environmentally disastrous, as academic Daniel Evans has pointed
out, it means the island’s only arable land is being scooped up and shipped off-shore.
The valuable food gardens of future generations’ are vanishing.
正如学者丹尼尔·埃文斯（Daniel Evans）指出的那样，这不仅对环境造成灾难性影响，还意味
着岛上唯一的耕地被掠夺并运往离岸。子孙后代宝贵的食物花园正在消失。
But, for foreign-owned logging companies prospecting for bauxite has provided a
perfect cover for tree felling operations. Before an area can be sampled for bauxite,
long winding roads must be bulldozed through the forest. Any selected sites must be
cleared of trees.
但是，对于外资伐木公司来说，铝土矿勘探为砍伐树木提供了完美的掩护。在对某个地区进行铝
土矿取样之前，必须用推土机推平穿过森林的长而蜿蜒的道路。任何选定地点都必须清除树木。
Image: Satellite analysis published by Global Witness

showing the extent of logging roads on Rennell Island
(the unlogged portion is a UNESCO World Heritage
site).
图片：全球见证发布的卫星分析显示了伦内尔岛伐木道路的范围（未伐
木的部分是联合国教科文组织世界遗产）。
The courts have declared such logging illegal, but with little seeming impact.
法院宣布这种伐木行为非法，但似乎影响不大。
In a 2015 High Court case, Asia Pacific Investment Development Limited (APID) –
which features large in this report as a company at the centre of the bauxite mining
on Rennell – was found guilty of illegal logging.
在 2015 年高等法院的一起案件中，亚太投资发展有限公司 (APID)——在本报告中重点介绍了

一家位于伦内尔铝土矿开采中心的公司——被判犯有非法采伐罪。
APID claims its logging operations were conducted under its bauxite Prospecting
Licence. The company contends it needs to clear forest in order to construct access
roads and clear the land for mining. However, the court found that APID still needed
a felling licence, which in fact it had unsuccessfully applied for twice.
APID 声称其伐木作业是根据其铝土矿勘探许可证进行的。该公司声称需要砍伐森林以修建道路
并清理土地用于采矿。然而，法院认为APID仍然需要砍伐许可证，事实上它已经两次申请均未
成功。
Without a licence the court found the ‘the action taken by the first and third Defendants
in felling trees and extraction of logs for sale and export was unlawful’. [para 38]
在没有许可证的情况下，法院认定“第一被告和第三被告所采取的砍伐树木和提取原木用于销售
和出口的行为是非法的”。 [第38段]
APID was ordered to, stop its logging operations, and pay any monies received from
the export of already felled logs into a neutral account, awaiting further court
hearings to determine who it should be paid too. There is no evidence though that
this prevented further logging.
APID 被命令停止其伐木作业，并将从已砍伐的原木出口中收到的任何款项支付到一个中立账
户，等待进一步的法庭听证会以确定应该向谁支付。但没有证据表明这阻止了进一步的伐木。
This was also not the first time APID and its then owner, the Australian Raymond
Chu, had run foul of the Solomon Islands courts.
这也不是 APID 及其当时的所有者澳大利亚人 Raymond Chu 第一次与所罗门群岛法院发生冲

突。
In 2012, APID and Chu were found guilty in another case of illegal logging. Chu was
fined $5,000 for breaching court orders to stop the logging. He was ordered to pay
any income received into a court fund.
2012年，APID和Chu在另一起非法采伐案中被判有罪。 Chu 因违反法院停止伐木的命令而被

罚款 5,000 美元。他被命令将收到的所有收入存入法庭基金。
APID is also not the only company that has been logging on Rennell. Indeed, one 2015
court case concerned a parcel of land where no less than 11 logging companies were
operating!
APID 并不是唯一一家登录 Rennell 的公司。事实上，2015 年的一个法庭案件涉及一块土地，

其中至少有 11 家伐木公司在经营！
In another instance, during September 2014, it was reported that a single logging
company had exceeded the annual log quota for the whole island in just a matter of
months. The company was also accused of ignoring a notice ordering, the seizure of
its equipment and 11,000 cubic metres of logs, imposed for logging outside
concession boundaries.
另据报道，2014 年 9 月期间，一家伐木公司在短短几个月内就超出了全岛的年度伐木配额。该
公司还被指控无视通知命令，没收了其设备和 11,000 立方米原木，这些原木是在特许权边界外
伐木的。
MINING MANIA 采矿狂热
Court documents, and media reports, reveal a chaotic history of mining on Rennell
Island over the past five years.
法庭文件和媒体报道揭示了伦内尔岛过去五年来混乱的采矿历史。
Two companies have been locked in a battle for bauxite rights. Laws and regulations
have been cast asunder as both seek to win the favour of local people and national
politicians.
两家公司陷入了铝土矿权之争。由于都试图赢得当地人民和国家政治家的青睐，法律和法规已被
废除。
It appears Asia Pacific Investment Development Limited (APID) was the first
company granted a mineral prospecting licence on Rennell Island, in 2008. That
licence was then extended in 2013.
亚太投资发展有限公司 (APID) 似乎是 2008 年在伦内尔岛获得矿产勘探许可证的第一家公司。

该许可证随后于 2013 年延期。
But in 2014, another company, PT. Mega Bintang Borneo Limited, entered the fray.
但在 2014 年，另一家公司 PT。 Mega Bintang Borneo Limited 也加入了竞争。
In May 2014, an MOU was announced between Bintang Borneo and the four
landowning groups on Rennell island. Under the MOU Bintang Borneo was granted
permission to begin establishing infrastructure on the island as a precursor to
mineral exploration activity.
2014 年 5 月，Bintang Borneo 与伦内尔岛上的四个土地所有者集团之间宣布了一份谅解备忘

录。根据谅解备忘录，Bintang Borneo 获准开始在岛上建立基础设施，作为矿产勘探活动的先
导。
The company’s delegation to the island was led by a politician, the Provincial
Premier, Lence Tango.
该公司派往该岛的代表团由政治家、省长伦斯·探戈 (Lence Tango) 率领。
Suspicions of corruption were soon being raised by the local Chapter of Transparency
International:
透明国际当地分会很快就提出了腐败嫌疑：
… a former Premier of Renbel Province Lence Tango, when questioned about a

$4 million hotel bill responded in a way that showed he was not at all concerned.
When asked who was responsible to meet the incurred cost he said that the bill
will be paid for by the Bintang Borneo Ltd which is interested in mining Rennell
Island. ‘I was told to enjoy the privileges of the hotel. They will pay the bill’.
(TISI 31/7/2014)
……伦贝尔省前省长伦斯·探戈 (Lence Tango) 在被问及 400 万美元的酒店账单时，他的

回答表明他根本不担心。当被问及谁负责支付所产生的费用时，他表示这笔费用将由对伦
内尔岛采矿感兴趣的 Bintang Borneo Ltd 支付。 “我被告知要享受酒店的特权。他们结
账'。（TISI 31/7/2014）
Within months of Bintang Borneo signing its MOU, it was reported both APID and
Bintang Borneo had been issued with mining leases, leases with overlapping
boundaries.
据报道，在 Bintang Borneo 签署谅解备忘录的几个月内，APID 和 Bintang Borneo 都获得

了采矿租约，这些租约具有重叠的边界。
Later litigation revealed Bintang Borneo was granted its prospecting licence in June
2014 and its’s Mining Lease just three months later, in September 2014. To move
from exploration to mining within such a time-frame is unusual.
后来的诉讼显示，Bintang Borneo 于 2014 年 6 月获得了勘探许可证，并在三个月后（即

2014 年 9 月）获得了采矿租约。在这样的时间内从勘探转向采矿是不寻常的。
Certainly, the Solomon Star newspaper was not impressed with the process being
used by either company. It accused them both of ‘using senior landowners in their
quest to mine the island’.
当然，《所罗门星报》对两家公司使用的流程都没有留下深刻的印象。它指责他们“利用高级土
地所有者来开采该岛”。
During December 2014, the newly elected government of Prime Minister Manasseh
Sogavare, stepped in to seemingly resolve the dispute.
2014 年 12 月，新当选的总理玛纳西·索加瓦雷 (Manasseh Sogavare) 介入，似乎解决了争

端。
The new PM pledged to revoke Bintang Borneo’s mining lease, saying it had been
issued while the previous government was in caretaker mode ahead of the elections,
and without the approval of the Mines and Minerals Board. [IHS Global Insight, Jan. 6,
2015]
Despite the Prime Minister’s pledge, however, it seems the prospecting licence and
mining lease were not cancelled for another three months, until March 23 2015.
然而，尽管总理做出了承诺，但勘探许可证和采矿租约似乎又过了三个月才被取消，直到 2015
年 3 月 23 日。
In the meantime, Bintang Borneo carried on mining, allegedly in areas also covered
by APID’s lease. This was described as a ‘criminal offence’ by the Ministry. The
Ministry also rejected an application by Bintang Borneo for an Export Permit and
instructed the company to halt all operations and remove all its equipment.
This was far from the end of the saga. Three months later, it appears the government
relented and Bintang Borneo was granted permission to export its stockpiled bauxite
(and pay a 20% export duty).
这离传奇还远未结束。三个月后，政府似乎态度软化，Bintang Borneo 获准出口其库存铝土矿

（并缴纳 20% 的出口税）。
This move by the government appears to have been in breach of the law. In August
2013 the High Court found an export permit could not survive the confirmation of the
cancellation of a mining lease.
政府的这一举动似乎违反了法律。 2013 年 8 月，高等法院裁定，在采矿租约取消确认后，出口

许可证不能继续有效。
Meanwhile, it later emerged that APID may not have been an innocent bystander
while the government was taking action against its rival.
与此同时，后来发现，当政府对其竞争对手采取行动时，APID 可能并不是无辜的旁观者。
In August 2015 it was alleged that following the original announcement of the
cancellation of Bintang Borneo’s lease, in January 2015, APID subsidiary, confusingly
named Bintan Mining, paid for a chartered flight worth $44,000 to investigate the
boundaries of Bintang’s lease.
Onboard the flight, were the then Minister for Mines Peter Auga, the deputy director
of Environment Tia Masolo and the speaker of Renbel province Dicter Maitaki,
described as a ‘staunch supporter’ of APID.
机上有时任矿业部部长彼得·奥加（Peter Auga）、环境部副主任蒂亚·马索洛（Tia Masolo）

和伦贝尔省议长迪克特·麦塔基（Dicter Maitaki），后者被描述为 APID 的“坚定支持者”。
In any event, APID was itself struggling to hold on to its mining lease, which had
allegedly been rushed through without necessary landholder consultation. On 7th
May 2015, APID was given fourteen days notice for the cancellation of its mining
lease over a failure to meet conditions required by the Mines and Minerals Board.
无论如何，APID 本身都在努力保住其采矿租约，据称该租约是在没有与土地所有者进行必要协
商的情况下仓促完成的。 2015 年 5 月 7 日，APID 收到了 14 天的通知，因未能满足矿业和矿
产委员会要求的条件而取消其采矿租约。
It was also revealed the government had not negotiated royalty payments for any of
the three shipments of bauxite already exported by APID.
据透露，政府尚未就 APID 已出口的三批铝土矿中的任何一批的特许权使用费进行谈判。
APID responded to its lease cancellation notice by issuing court proceedings.
APID 通过提起法庭诉讼来回应其租赁取消通知。
Within weeks there was another surprising twist.
几周之内，又发生了令人惊讶的转折。
Despite the mining lease standoff, in June 2015 it appears APID was given a
‘registered grant to profit’ and sublease over a parcel of land No.289-005 on Rennell
Island.
尽管采矿租赁陷入僵局，但 2015 年 6 月，APID 似乎获得了“注册利润补助”，并转租了伦内尔

岛 289-005 号土地。
Unfortunately though for APID, no less than 11 logging companies already held
felling timber licences over the same portion of land. When APID tried to remove
these companies, the High Court refused its request.
但不幸的是，对于 APID 来说，至少有 11 家伐木公司已经在同一块土地上持有砍伐木材许可

证。当 APID 试图删除这些公司时，高等法院拒绝了其请求。
The court concluded that the logging companies’ rights preceded those acquired by
APID. It was also observed, APID must have known the logging companies were
already operating on the land before it took its grant and sub-lease.
法院得出结论，伐木公司的权利优先于 APID 收购的权利。据观察，APID 在获得授予和转租之

前一定知道伐木公司已经在这片土地上开展业务。
The following month, July, APID was in more hot water, this time with the Ministry
of Forests. APID was accused of using its mining lease as cover for an illegal logging
operation.
接下来的 7 月，APID 遇到了更多麻烦，这次是与森林部的关系。 APID 被指控利用其采矿租约

作为非法伐木作业的掩护。
A notice to stop a log shipment and immediately halt any logging operations was
issued by the Ministry of Forestry. The Ministry claimed APID did not have a felling
licence or log export permit.
APID hit back, by ‘claiming a ten-year caveat’ over all mining tenements on Rennell,
which it said, doubled the size of its mining lease area from 31,000 to 61,000
hectares.
APID 对此进行了反击，对伦内尔的所有矿权“声称实行十年警告”，据称这使得其采矿租赁面积
扩大了一倍，从 31,000 公顷增加到 61,000 公顷。
Apparently unimpressed by the central government’s inability to take decisive action

against APID, the Renbel provincial government tried taking its own action.
伦贝尔省政府显然对中央政府无法对 APID 采取果断行动不以为然，试图采取自己的行动。
In September it cancelled APID’s Provincial Business Licence. This meant APID was
barred from carrying out any business transactions or operations in the province,
including on Rennell island.
9月，吊销了APID的省级营业执照。这意味着 APID 被禁止在该省（包括伦内尔岛）进行任何

商业交易或运营。
Unsurprisingly, APID responded with another legal challenge. In November,

APID obtained an interim injunction suspending the cancellation of its business
licence pending a judicial review.
不出所料，APID 回应了另一项法律挑战。 11月，APID获得临时禁令，暂停吊销其营业执照，

等待司法审查。
Meanwhile, the government in Honiara had also been busy. In November it obtained
its own High Court orders preventing APID from entering its lease areas on Rennell
Island and from carrying out any mining activity or exporting or selling anything
extracted from its mining areas until APID’s claim against the Show Cause notice was
determined.
与此同时，霍尼亚拉政府也很忙碌。 11 月，它获得了高等法院的命令，禁止 APID 进入其在伦

内尔岛的租赁区并进行任何采矿活动或出口或出售从其矿区提取的任何物品，直到 APID 针对
“证明原因”通知提出的索赔得到确定。
While the final outcome of these various court proceedings is not known, or indeed
whether they are still ongoing, APID did at some stage resume its mining operations.
This is despite separate court proceedings launched by local landowners challenging
the legality of the original mining lease granted to APID.
虽然这些不同的法庭诉讼程序的最终结果尚不清楚，也不知道它们是否仍在进行中，但 APID 确
实在某个阶段恢复了其采矿作业。尽管当地土地所有者发起了单独的法庭诉讼，质疑授予 APID
的原始采矿租约的合法性，但情况仍然如此。
Given this history of overlapping licences and contradictory government decisions, it

is not surprising that at the end of 2015, two Australian scholars observed:
鉴于许可证重叠和政府决策相互矛盾的历史，两位澳大利亚学者在 2015 年底观察到：
corruption is evident in the bauxite mining that has been taking place on
Rennell, with extensive allegations of bribes and inducements being paid, by
two rival companies, to landowners and relevant national authorities, and the
direct involvement of politicians in corrupt dealings.
伦内尔铝土矿开采中的腐败现象十分明显，有大量指控称两家竞争对手公司向土地所有者
和相关国家当局行贿和利诱，以及政客直接参与腐败交易。
But the allegations of corruption do not stop here.
但腐败指控并不止于此。
ANOTHER PLAYER WORLDLINK RESOURCES LTD

另一个玩家 WORLDLINK 资源有限公司
Strangely, it appears APID and Bintang Borneo are not the only companies granted
competing bauxite mining leases on Rennell island.
奇怪的是，APID 和 Bintang Borneo 似乎并不是唯一在伦内尔岛上获得竞争性铝土矿采矿租约

的公司。
In September 2014, just four days after the grant of a Mining Lease to APID, another
company, Worldlink Resources Ltd, was issued with a prospecting licence over an
area that was wholly within APID’s Mining Lease area.
2014 年 9 月，就在 APID 获得采矿租约四天后，另一家公司 Worldlink Resources Ltd 获得

了勘探许可证，该许可证的区域完全位于 APID 的采矿租约范围内。
Five months later, in March 2015, the Mining Minister granted Worldlink Resources
Ltd a full Mining Lease. This was despite APID already having exclusive rights for a
term of 25 years.
五个月后，即 2015 年 3 月，矿业部长授予 Worldlink Resources Ltd 完整的采矿租约。尽管

APID 已经拥有 25 年的专有权。
In February 2016, APID obtained court orders. They restrained Worldlink from
undertaking any mining activity and ordered the company to withdraw all its plant
and machinery.
2016 年 2 月，APID 获得法院命令。他们限制 Worldlink 进行任何采矿活动，并命令该公司撤

回所有工厂和机械。
Worldlink Resources Ltd is owned by the Hong-Kong registered, CEN-Prosper

Worldling Resource (Holdings) Limited. It was removed from the SI Company
Register in March 2019 for failing to file its Annual Returns. The company had two
directors, Malaysian national, Lee Kheng Hin, and Chinese national, Yu Yao Gen.
Worldlink Resources Ltd由在香港注册的CEN-Prosper Worldling Resource (Holdings)

Limited所有。该公司因未能提交年度申报表而于 2019 年 3 月被从 SI 公司登记册中删除。该
公司有两名董事，马来西亚国民李庆兴 (Lee Kheng Hin) 和中国国民于耀根 (Yu Yao Gen)。
FAVOURABLE TAX TREATMENT

优惠的税收待遇
Further evidence of the close relationship between the resource extraction

companies operating on Rennell Island and those in political power, emerged in 2017.
2017 年出现了进一步证据，证明伦内尔岛上运营的资源开采公司与政治权力机构之间存在密切
关系。
During January 2017, text messages between the Prime Minister and Bintan/APID
officials from November 2016 were circulated. They showed the PM’s personal
guarantee being granted that export duty exemptions would be issued for APID’s
bauxite shipments. That exemption was duly gazetted in December 2016 and
backdated to August.
Then, in April 2017, a late-night meeting in a hotel carpark between APID owner, the
Australian Ray Chu, and the then Minister for Mines, David Dei Pacha, was secretly
recorded on video. Pacha later became the Speaker of Parliament.
The following month the Prime Minister Sogavare wrote to the General Manager of
Bintan Mining, praising the company for its ‘good corporate citizenship’ in the face of
the many challenges it had endured. The PM noted the company’s ‘noble aims and
objectives’ which were ‘worthy of emulation by other mining operations’. He promised a
‘closer working relationship’ in the future’.
The PM claimed, in his defence, that it was normal practice for him to write to
‘investors’ when he received positive feedback from stakeholders.
SPILL RESPONSE
Although a media report on February 13 revealed the Solomon Trader had grounded
on a reef, there was no mention of any pollution issues.
It wasn’t until later in February that the world was alerted to the environmental
disaster unfolding on Rennell Island, within sight of its UNESCO World Heritage
protected area.
Image: Rennell Island and its UNESCO World Heritage

area
The MV Solomon Trader had been loading bauxite from
barges floated out from the shore in the waters of
Kangava Bay when it was blown onto the coral reef on
the night of February 4 /5 in high winds generated by
cyclone Oma.
For three weeks, locals watched as the stricken 225m long tanker leaked more than
80 tonnes of heavy fuel oil into the azure waters of the marine sanctuary, poisoning
their vital fishing grounds.
The Hong Kong flagged ship was on charter to Bintan Mining, and was loading
bauxite for shipment to China.
Bintan and its reported owner, APID, initially denied any responsibility as the ships
charterer, either for the vessel or the spill.
Locals questioned though why the company had continued loading the ship, using its
own barges and equipment, when the cyclone warning had been well known. They
also alleged, the day after the ship ran aground, Bintan dumped the bauxite on its
barges into the sea.
Bauxite contains a high content of aluminium hydroxide, iron oxide and chromium,
which are all poisonous to marine life.
The Australian government promised to help hold the company, owners and insurers
to account for the damage. Additionally, the Solomon’s own interim Prime Minister,
Rick Houenipwela, also talked tough, threatening to put the companies involved on
an international blacklist.
In general though, the Solomon Island’s political elite have been silent. There has
been no comment from the either the Minister for Mines or the Minister for the
Environment, even as Bintan and APID continue mining and even load a new
shipment of bauxite right alongside the stricken Solomon Trader.
According to Daniel Evans from Australian National University the political silence is
entirely predictable:
The unfolding disaster on Rennell is a perfect case study in rapacious natural

resource exploitation, poverty and weak governance. And the deafening silence
within Solomon Islands is perversely rational. Solomon Islands’ politics is
highly localised: direct relationships of MP-voter patronage dictate everything.
It is characterised by widespread corruption, fuelled by the country’s Asian-
dominated logging, and now mining, industries. (There is a blurring between
the two, as one-time loggers turn their hand to mining.) Political and
bureaucratic elites collude with third-rate companies whose definition of
corporate social responsibility is to build a public road to a mining site.
Environmental laws are disregarded, either deliberately or because public
servants lack the ability to enforce them.
It has even been reported that on 8 March, just one day after the Prime Minister
threatened to put Bintan Mining on an international blacklist, the company was
issued two new mine prospecting licences. The licences, reported to have been
confirmed by the Director of Mines, Nicholas Biliki, are on the islands of Isabel and
San Jorge in Isabel province.
Meanwhile, although mine workers claim they have gone unpaid since the disaster, it
is the local people who are the real victims.
They feel abandoned by their government and the international community. Locals
say the black tar on their beaches is just the latest evidence of a wider problem – a
largely unregulated mining operation that’s plundering their resources.
“We have been forgotten. The law is not enforced in here.”
COMPANY OWNERSHIPS
According to a media report, Bintan Mining is registered in the British Virgin Islands
while ’its parent’, Asia Pacific Investment Development, is registered in Hong Kong.
Due to the veil of secrecy that surrounds BVI company registrations it is impossible
to confirm the link.
PNGi has though been able to establish there is a Bintan Mining Corporation,
incorporated in BVI, registered in Hong Kong as a ‘foreign company’.
Bintan Mining Corporation was only registered in Hong

Kong in February this year (2019).
Company records in the Solomon Islands however, show a rather different picture.
According to the SI Business Registry, Asia Pacific Investment Development Limited

is a private company first registered in 2008. Since 2017 the 100 issued shares have
been owned by Rachel Fasifera (99%,) and Rose Mona (1%).
The previous owner was the Australian Ray Chu, who is still listed as a company
director and contact point. Rachel Fasifera, the current owner, is Raymond Chu’s
wife.
From the official records, Australian Ray Chu also seems to share Malaysian and
Solomon Islands citizenship. He is variously listed as an investor and / or director in
several SI registered forestry, agriculture and retail / wholesale businesses.
APID’s main area of business is listed as “forestry” and Rachel Fasifera is also listed
as the owner of a second forestry company, Prestige Timber SI Limited (the
company’s registration application was submitted by her husband).
She also owns the Rayna Cafe business name, Easyseafood (SI) Limited (also
originally registered by Chu) and the agriculture company, Linc Corporation Limited
(which was also previously owned by her husband).
Bintan Mining SI Limited is registered as a foreign owned company. Official records

list the Bintan Mining Corporation as the owner. This follows a change in the
shareholding in December 2017. The former owners were Patrick Man Kam Wong
(60%) and Chi Kin Leung (40%). Both were listed as citizens of the United Kingdom.
While some media have reported that Bintan Mining is owned by APID, in a 2015
court case, Bintan Mining SI Ltd was described as a contractor engaged by APID to
undertake mining operations. Nevertheless, Bintan Mining SI and Asia Pacific
Investment Development share the same postal address.
CONCLUSION
As stories start to emerge of the human costs as well as the environmental

devastation caused by the Solomon Trader disaster, it is folly to think anything is
going to change as a result of last weeks National elections.
As Terrance Wood pointed out after the last election in 2014, nothing will change
because of poor political governance fuelled by unscrupulous foreign businessmen:
Social services are weak, productive businesses are impeded by dysfunctional

government departments, and corrupting businesses render some government
departments dysfunctional. Politicians who should be improving ministries
when they are ministers, or holding the government to account when they are
in opposition, are caught up instead in endless political wheeling and dealing,
and often end up tainted by money politics.
The history of logging and mining on Rennell serves as a perfect study of just how
deep that dysfunction runs.
It has relevance to PNG. As our own easternmost province, which sits on the Solomon
Islands archipelago, ponders the question of independence, its political elite
champion the very economic model destroying communities across the rest of the
archipelago chain. Funded, of course, and championed, by the Australian
government and World Bank.
Waigani is no better.
As foreign companies loot the region, and toss political leaders coin, rapid
deforestation, land deprivation, and pollution, will leave future generations holding
a beggars bowl.
It is hard to imagine that a gift handed down by a thousand generations may be

despoiled in just one.
AFTERWORD: RIPPLES IN RENNELL
Ripples in Rennell is a film that explores the local issues that the island and its people
are facing as a result of the current logging and mining activities. The story is told
through the voices of local residents. The film highlights the social, cultural,
economic and environmental challenges.
Sorry 对不起
This video does not exist.
您查找的视频不存在。
The film’s maker, Adam Stewart Hogg, says he produced the film as a case study to
be presented to other resource rich islands in the South Pacific, in the hope that this
story will not be repeated elsewhere. He is currently working on a follow-up film and
recently re-visited the island.

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2024/6/29 18:33 所罗门群岛天堂被掠夺摧毁巴新中央 --- Solomon Islands Paradise Destroyed by Plunder | PNGi Central

据其政府估计，所罗门群岛的天然森林到 2036 年可能会完全耗尽。 [1]

Nowhere is this epitomised more than Rennell Island

尽管该岛东部的三分之一在 2013 年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产危险名单，部分原因是伐

The Solomon Trader has leaked 75 tonnes of heavy fuel

unfolding environmental disaster caused by the leaking oil.

[1] Central Bank of Solomon Islands, Annual Report 2011, p17

RENNELL ISLAND 伦内尔岛

The Solomon Islands is a chain of almost 1,000 small

北部的布干维尔岛成为巴布亚新几内亚的一部分，而伦内尔以及其他 900 多个环礁和岛屿则成

尽管所罗门群岛于 1978 年名义上获得政治独立，但自 1800 年代中期开始，外国对该地区廉价

LOGGING AND MINING 伐木和采矿

Professor Matthew Allen observes in The Political Economy of Logging in Solomon

According to Global Witness, almost forty-years on, logging is continuing to lay

据 Global Witness 称，近四十年过去了，伐木仍在继续毁坏所罗门群岛 (SI) 的大部分森林。

completely exhausted by 2036.

据 Global Witness 报道，SI 财政部最近的一份报告表明，如果伐木活动继续以目前的速度进

Image: A typical bauxite mining site on Rennell

Image: Satellite analysis published by Global Witness

在 2015 年高等法院的一起案件中，亚太投资发展有限公司 (APID)——在本报告中重点介绍了

这也不是 APID 及其当时的所有者澳大利亚人 Raymond Chu 第一次与所罗门群岛法院发生冲

2012年，APID和Chu在另一起非法采伐案中被判有罪。 Chu 因违反法院停止伐木的命令而被

APID 并不是唯一一家登录 Rennell 的公司。事实上，2015 年的一个法庭案件涉及一块土地，

MINING MANIA 采矿狂热

亚太投资发展有限公司 (APID) 似乎是 2008 年在伦内尔岛获得矿产勘探许可证的第一家公司。

但在 2014 年，另一家公司 PT。 Mega Bintang Borneo Limited 也加入了竞争。

mineral exploration activity.

2014 年 5 月，Bintang Borneo 与伦内尔岛上的四个土地所有者集团之间宣布了一份谅解备忘

该公司派往该岛的代表团由政治家、省长伦斯·探戈 (Lence Tango) 率领。

… a former Premier of Renbel Province Lence Tango, when questioned about a

……伦贝尔省前省长伦斯·探戈 (Lence Tango) 在被问及 400 万美元的酒店账单时，他的

据报道，在 Bintang Borneo 签署谅解备忘录的几个月内，APID 和 Bintang Borneo 都获得

后来的诉讼显示，Bintang Borneo 于 2014 年 6 月获得了勘探许可证，并在三个月后（即

2014 年 12 月，新当选的总理玛纳西·索加瓦雷 (Manasseh Sogavare) 介入，似乎解决了争

(and pay a 20% export duty).

这离传奇还远未结束。三个月后，政府似乎态度软化，Bintang Borneo 获准出口其库存铝土矿

政府的这一举动似乎违反了法律。 2013 年 8 月，高等法院裁定，在采矿租约取消确认后，出口

机上有时任矿业部部长彼得·奥加（Peter Auga）、环境部副主任蒂亚·马索洛（Tia Masolo）

据透露，政府尚未就 APID 已出口的三批铝土矿中的任何一批的特许权使用费进行谈判。

APID responded to its lease cancellation notice by issuing court proceedings.

Within weeks there was another surprising twist.

尽管采矿租赁陷入僵局，但 2015 年 6 月，APID 似乎获得了“注册利润补助”，并转租了伦内尔

但不幸的是，对于 APID 来说，至少有 11 家伐木公司已经在同一块土地上持有砍伐木材许可

法院得出结论，伐木公司的权利优先于 APID 收购的权利。据观察，APID 在获得授予和转租之

接下来的 7 月，APID 遇到了更多麻烦，这次是与森林部的关系。 APID 被指控利用其采矿租约

Apparently unimpressed by the central government’s inability to take decisive action

伦贝尔省政府显然对中央政府无法对 APID 采取果断行动不以为然，试图采取自己的行动。

9月，吊销了APID的省级营业执照。这意味着 APID 被禁止在该省（包括伦内尔岛）进行任何

Unsurprisingly, APID responded with another legal challenge. In November,

不出所料，APID 回应了另一项法律挑战。 11月，APID获得临时禁令，暂停吊销其营业执照，

与此同时，霍尼亚拉政府也很忙碌。 11 月，它获得了高等法院的命令，禁止 APID 进入其在伦

Given this history of overlapping licences and contradictory government decisions, it

鉴于许可证重叠和政府决策相互矛盾的历史，两位澳大利亚学者在 2015 年底观察到：

But the allegations of corruption do not stop here.

ANOTHER PLAYER WORLDLINK RESOURCES LTD

奇怪的是，APID 和 Bintang Borneo 似乎并不是唯一在伦内尔岛上获得竞争性铝土矿采矿租约

2014 年 9 月，就在 APID 获得采矿租约四天后，另一家公司 Worldlink Resources Ltd 获得

五个月后，即 2015 年 3 月，矿业部长授予 Worldlink Resources Ltd 完整的采矿租约。尽管

2016 年 2 月，APID 获得法院命令。他们限制 Worldlink 进行任何采矿活动，并命令该公司撤

Worldlink Resources Ltd is owned by the Hong-Kong registered, CEN-Prosper