TREASURY of DAILY PRAYER

Karl D. Bachman
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Theological Background
SCRIPTURE ENCOURAGES PRAYER Seven times a day I praise thee for thy righteous ordinances. Psalm 119:164 But when you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. And in praying do not heap up empty phrases as the Gentiles do; for they think that they will be heard for their many words. Matthew 6:6-7 JESUS PRAYED When he began his ministry he spent forty days and nights in the wilderness. Often he would go to a quiet place to pray. Jesus taught his disciples to pray. After the Last Super, when they had sung a hymn, he prayed in Gethsemane. He prayed from the cross. He prays for us today as our Prophet, Priest, and King. THE CHURCH PRAYS Pentecost: And they devoted themselves to the apostles teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers. Acts 2:42 Now Peter and John were going up to the temple at the hour of prayer, the ninth hour. Acts 3:1 Rejoice in hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer. Romans 12:12 Pray without ceasing. I Thessalonians 5:17 MARTIN LUTHER from the Small Catechism In the morning, when you get up, make the sign of the holy cross and say: In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. Then, kneeling or standing, repeat the Creed and the Lord's Prayer. If you choose, you may also say this little prayer: I thank you, my heavenly Father, through Jesus Christ, your dear Son, that you have kept me this night from all harm and danger; and I pray that you would keep me this day also from sin and every evil, that all my doings and life may please you. For into your hands I commend myself, my body and soul, and all things. Let your holy angel be with me, that the evil foe may have no power over me. Amen Then go joyfully to your work, singing a hymn, like that of the Ten Commandments, or whatever your devotion may suggest. Blessed Martin Luther also included similar suggestions for evening prayer and prayer before and after meals.

Definitions
PSALM Hebrew poems contained in the Book of Psalms, the most important source of texts in music history. In the Christian Church the Psalms were sung to Gregorian or plainsong melodies that probably developed between the fifth and ninth centuries. There were three ways to sing the psalms in the service: direct psalmody, which means singing a psalm without any textual addition or modification; responsorial psalmody was taken over from the Jewish service. A soloist would sing the text and the choir or congregation would respond with a word such as alleluia or amen, or with a verse or portion of a verse in the manner of a refrain (e.g. Psalm 136); antiphonal psalmody wherein the psalms were sung by alternating choirs of singers [decani et cantoris], a method introduced to the Western Church from Syrian models by Saint Ambrose in the late fourteenth century. The music of the Psalms developed differently in Lutheran, Anglican, and Protestant traditions. ANTIPHON An antiphon is a verse from the Psalms, Scripture, or another liturgical text sung before and after liturgical chants such as the Psalms and Canticles. There are four Marian antiphons which are extended chants arising from the service of Compline and now each is used for a different part of the church year and have served as the basis for many independent organ and polyphonic choral compositions. The devotional purpose of the antiphon is to focus attention on a particular theme or idea for the psalm or canticle to which it is attached and its practical purpose is to establish the pitch and mode of the same. GLORIA PATRI The Gloria Patri is a liturgical doxological text named for its first two Latin words used mostly at the conclusion of the psalms, but also with many of the canticles of the liturgy. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever. Amen PSALMODY EXAMPLE Laudate Dominum Psalm 117 Antiphon Psalm Gloria Patri Antiphon Oh, save Your people and bless Your heritage! * Be their shepherd and carry them forever. Praise the LORD, all you nations; * laud him, all you peoples. For his loving-kindness toward us is great, * and the faithfulness of the LORD endures for ever. Hallelujah! Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever. Amen Oh, save Your people and bless Your heritage! * Be their shepherd and carry them forever. Let my prayer rise before you as incense; the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. O Lord, I call to you; come to me quickly; hear my voice when I cry to you. Let my prayer rise before you as incense; the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. Set a watch before my mouth, O Lord, and guard the door of my lips. Let not my heart incline to any evil thing;

RESPONSORIAL PSALMODY EXAMPLE Antiphon Verse Antiphon Verse

Gloria Patri Antiphon RESPONSORY

let me not be occupied in wickedness with evildoers. But my eyes are turned to you, O God; in you I take refuge. Strip me not of my life. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever. Amen Let my prayer rise before you as incense; the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.

A responsory is a liturgical text, used primarily in the prayer services of the church where it follows the reading of scripture. In the service of Matins there are nine responsories, one for each of the nine lessons, except on Sunday when the final responsory is replaced by the canticle Te Deum Laudamus. The responsory form is interesting in that it has a consistent refrain following a number of verses and usually concludes with only the first half of the Gloria Patri. RESPONSORY EXAMPLE Forever, O Lord, Your word is firmly set in the heavens. Lord, I love the habitation of Your house and the place where Your glory dwells. Blessed are those who hear the Word of God and keep it. Lord, I love the habitation of Your house and the place where Your glory dwells. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. Lord, I love the habitation of Your house and the place where Your glory dwells. CANTICLE A canticle is a scriptural text similar to a psalm but occurring elsewhere than in the Book of Psalms. They are classified as cantica majora (greater or Gospel canticles) i.e., from the New Testament. The big three are the Magnificat [Song of Mary], the Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel [Song of Zechariah], and the Nunc Dimittis [Song of Simeon]. They are contained in Vespers, Lauds, and Compline respectively. The Old Testament contains fourteen cantica minora (lesser canticles). Among them are Cantemus Domino from Exodus 15:1, I will sing to the LORD, for he has triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea. CANTICLE EXAMPLE Magnificat anima mea Proper Antiphon My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord; my spirit rejoices in God my Savior, for he has looked with favor on his lowly servant. From this day all generations will call me blessed. The almighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name. He has mercy on those who fear him in every generation. He has shown the strength of his arm; he has scattered the proud in their conceit. He has cast down the mighty from their thrones and has lifted up the lowly. He has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty. He has come to the help of his servant Israel, for he has remembered his promise of mercy, the promise he made to our fathers, to Abraham and his children forever. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever. Amen Proper Antiphon

PERICOPE and LECTIONARY A pericope is a portion of scripture read in a service of worship. Its name derives from the Greek word meaning, to cut around, hence it is several verses cut out of a chapter of the Bible. A lectionary is the list of readings to be used in the church for either the Sunday Eucharist or daily prayers. Saint Jerome (ca 347-420) borrowed the practice from synagogue worship and established a list of Epistles and Gospels that was standard until the midtwentieth century. There is a lectionary for Sundays, Feast Days, and Saints Days as well as another lectionary for the daily prayer services of the church. COLLECT The collect is a brief one-sentence prayer that follows a prescribed pattern and is appropriate to a specific liturgical day or observance. Most of our collects were written between the fourth and seventh centuries. They are used preceding the lessons at the Eucharist or following the Lords Prayer in Daily Prayer services. LITANY The Litany is a form of prayer in the church characterized by a number of petitions with brief responses. These prayers were often used in processions, such as the Kyrie Litany. From the Latin litania, from the Greek lith, meaning prayer or supplication. SUFFRAGES Short intercessory prayer, petition, or call particularly used in a Litany, as the response of the people We beseech Thee to hear us, O Lord. HYMN For our purposes these would be newly-written poems, as opposed to scriptural psalms or canticles, to be sung in praise of God. In the Western church hymns flourished in the Middle Ages for use in the daily prayer offices of the church. The Lutheran Chorale was late on the scene and its principle usage was for the Eucharistic. ORDINARY When this word is used in connection with worship it refers to those parts of the service that are the same every day. In the Eucharist, these would be the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. In the daily offices they would refer to specific canticles such as the Magnificat for use at Vespers. PROPER When this word is used in connection with worship it refers to those parts of the service that change from day to day, week to week, or season to season, because they are proper for a specific liturgical occasion. In the Eucharist these would be the Entrance Psalm, the Collect of the Day, the Lessons, and the historical Offertory and Communion verses. In the daily offices these would also be the Psalms for the day, the Lessons for the day, any canticles for the seasons, special antiphons, responsories, and the like. LITURGICAL CALENDAR In Christian worship two calendars are in place next to each other. The first is the Seasonal calendar of the church year: Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Lent, Easter, and Pentecost. The second is the list of Feasts, Festivals and Commemorations. The Feasts and Festivals are celebrations of events in the life of our Lord and of the Biblical Saints, such as Circumcision and Name of Jesus, The Annunciation, Saint Peter, Saint Paul, and the like. The Commemorations are remembrances of the non-biblical saints of church, such as Saint John Chrysostom or Blessed Martin Luther and Blessed Martin Chemnitz.

DAILY PRAYER or DIVINE OFFICE Early in the history of the Church Christians would gather to keep vigil and pray in the middle of the night [Nocturn]. They would do what they knew to do, pray the psalms and listen to the lessons of the scriptures. This service in the middle of the night was soon connected to the first morning service of praise [Lauds] and became known as Matins. The larger evening service was Vespers and the smaller one at the close of the day was Compline. The little prayer offices or canonical hours [canon meaning rule, not weapon] also remembered the events of good Friday when Jesus was judged, crucified, and died: third, sixth, and ninth hours. Keeping in mind the scriptural encouragement to pray without ceasing, there developed a cycle of eight prayer offices, three hours apart, throughout the day
Matins Lauds Prime (first hour) Terce (third hour) Sext (sixth hour) None (ninth hour) Vespers Compline Sometime around Midnight At daybreak 6:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. Noon 3:00 p.m. Early evening Before retiring Venite, 9 Psalms, (Te Deum) 4 Psalms, Canticle, Benedictus 3 Psalms 3 Pslams 3 Psalms 3 Psalms 5 Psalms, Magnificat 3 Psalms, Nunc Dimittis

Lutheran Book of Worship

All of our Lutheran hymnals have abundant resources for individuals to pray throughout the day. Here is what is available from just the Lutheran Book of Worship. 9 10 13 131 142 154 161 164 168 174 178 179 215 290 929 Calendar Calendar Prayer of the Day Matins Vespers Compline Suffrages Suffrages Litany Propers Psalms Daily Lectionary Psalms Psalm Tones Hymns 2-21 Hymns Sundays and Principal Festivals Lesser Festivals and Commemorations Where to find the Collect for the particular week or observance Venite and Te Deum are present as expected, but the Benedictus is included as a Gospel Canticle [from Lauds?] Canticle Magnificat as expected Example of Responsory on page 156, Canticle Nunc Dimittis Responsive Prayer 1, Short prayer office, no psalms or lesson Responsive Prayer 2, Short prayer office, no psalms or lesson The Great Litany of the church Versicles, Psalm and Canticle Antiphons for the occasion Schedule for Daily Prayer not containing the whole Psalter Lessons which repeat in a two-year cycle Most of them, pointed for singing Music for singing the Psalms Daily Prayer and other biblical and non-biblical canticles Hymns for the Church Year proper for the day

Treasury of Daily Prayer

The advantage of a book such as the Treasury of Daily Prayer is that the resources for personal prayer are all gathered together in a systematic way to make it as easy as possible for the individual Christian to pray in the quiet of their own choosing or together with family, friends, or in corporate worship. Here is what this Treasury contains. nn 2 3 4 7 14 17 21 24 How to pages Specific instructions on how to use the Treasury The Church Year Sundays and Seasons Feasts, Festivals, and Commemorations Dates of Easter Church Year Discussion of history and arrangement Essay Essay Essay Time of Easter From Scripture and the Small Catechism History and explanation of the Daily Office Explanation of Ember Days Psalmody Old Testament Reading New Testament Reading Writing from the Church Fathers or Lutheran Confessions Hymn (one stanza) Prayer of the Day Discussion for special days

Encouragement to Pray The Daily Office Ember Days Propers for Daily Prayer

353 956 1275 1306 1310 1312 The Psalms 1322 1323 1424 1436 1444 1446 1458 1460 1462 1463

Time of the Church Time of Christmas Time of Easter Addition Daily Prayers for the Christian The Litany Prayers for the Baptismal Life Singing the Psalms The Psalter All the Psalms Selected Canticles Psalm Schedules Psalter in Thirty Days, Psalter in Two Weeks Praying the Catechism Small Catechism Brief Instruction Personal Examination according to the Ten Commandments Prayer for the one preparing for Confession and Absolution Order for Individual Confession and Absolution

Prayers, Intercessions, and Thanksgiving

Luthers Small Catechism

Preparation for Confession and Absolution

Preparation for the Sacrament of the Alter 1465 1467 1470 Christian Questions with Their Answers Brief Instruction for Those Preparing for Holy Communion Prayers for Holy Communion

Center of the Treasury

These pages are in the center of the book for easy location. Orders for Daily Prayer O-1 O-11 O-17 O-24 O-32 O-42 O-50 O-53 O-53 O-61 Matins Vespers Compline Morning Prayer Evening Prayer Daily Prayer for Individuals and Families Responsive Prayer 1 Suffrages Responsive Prayer 2 Suffrages The Great Litany Seasonal Invitatories, Antiphons, and Responsories

Blessings of Daily Prayer

MARTIN CHEMNITZ From antiquity the church year, for very good reasons, has been divided into certain festivals, in order that the chief articles of the Christian doctrine can be taught to the people in a definite order and inculcated by annual repetition. Loci Theologici, page 175 DIETRICH BONHOEFFER It is far better to pray from the riches of Gods grace than from the poverty of our own hearts. PRAYER SANCTIFIES TIME Time lived with the Holy Trinity Time lived with the Word of God Time lived hearing the teachers of the church Time lived as holy time Time lived expanding the vocabulary of faith Time lived with brothers and sisters in Christ from age to age

Treasury of Daily Prayer

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