ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business

Unit number and title Unit 25: Global Business Environment (5076)

Submission date 30/11/2023 Date received (1st submission)

Re-submission date Date received (2nd submission)

Student name Nguyễn Hà Phương Như Student ID GBS210641

Class GBS1004C Assessor name Trương Ngọc Thịnh

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Table of Contents
I. Introduction: ...........................................................................................................3
II. Define the concept globalization in terms of different dimensions: ...................5
III. Discuss key drivers of cost, market, environment, and competition affecting
organizations to go globalization: ................................................................................7
IV. The complexity of the strategic challenges that organizations face when
operating in a global environment: ............................................................................11
V. Conclusion: ............................................................................................................13
VI. References: .........................................................................................................13

I. Introduction:

Having capabilities and an international network of 178 offices throughout 26

countries and territories, FPT is a significant partner offering services and solutions to
hundreds of major enterprises across various industries, including high-profile
companies and more than 100 Fortune Global 500 customers. top technology partners
of the biggest IT companies in the world, including SAP, Microsoft, GE, Airbus,
Siemens, and Amazon Web Services... I was tasked with writing a paper reviewing the
details of FPT's globalization history over the last three decades in honor of the
organization's 35th anniversary.
Globalization has resulted in significant and enduring transformations. Every stage
and phase of globalization has a variety of changes that affect a civilization as a whole
and the planet itself in the end. Globalization has exploded as a result of these
technical breakthroughs, enabling swift and effective communication across nations.
There is no longer a need to communicate and disseminate information via roads,
highways, or aircraft because of technology and social media. In order for any
individual, group, or company to achieve its objectives, interests, and benefits,
globalization helps society, politics, culture, and economics to do so. In terms of
social, political, cultural, and economic spheres, globalization facilitates the
accomplishment of the objectives, interests, and advantages of people, groups, and
companies. Globalization has a crucial role in the survival and advancement of
civilization in this wealthy period, as well as in the integration and connectivity of
trade and geography. The research also looks at how globalization affects Vietnamese
firms and industries, as well as the risks and difficulties that come with transformation.
Consequently, the report that follows is split into two sections:
(1) The author will define globalization and examine how it affects politics, the
economy, culture, and society.
(2) You'll get some real-world instances of important information in the report that
will aid in the development of your critical thinking abilities. specifically, the primary
consequences of growth within the selected industry; In order to demonstrate how four
factors determine industrial globalization, the author explores the YIP model's
framework description and provides an explanation for the industry's selection. Lastly,
the author will assess the issues, dangers, and advancements in nations pertaining to
the chosen industry and its structure.

Methodology:

The author conducted research and found material online. Every piece of data included
in this study was gathered utilizing Google tools and secondary sources. To outline
report requirements, data and information are collected from reputable websites,
books, and news stories. Secondary data supports the study methodology and aids in
content clarification. Yip models provide clarification on several types of information
retrieval procedures for gathering and assessing comments. Consequently, secondary
data information helps uncover a multitude of reliable and significant facts.

One of the top providers of information technology services is FPT (FPT Corporation,
English: FPT Group), whose full name is FPT Joint Stock Company (formerly called
Technology Investment and Development Company). Vietnamese news of the year.
The three primary industries in which FPT Corporation works are technology,
telecommunications, and education. Following almost three decades of growth, FPT is
presently among Vietnam's top IT firms and in the world's top 100 in terms of trust
services. The United Nations Development Program's 2017 data rank this as Vietnam's
fourteenth-largest firm. This is Vietnam's third private enterprise of 2012, according to
VNReport. Based on the assessment and vote of VNReport, FPT Corporation is now
rated 17th out of the 500 largest private firms in Vietnam.

FPT, whose primary business is technology and telecommunications, presently has 46

systems. offices spread over 22 nations, and its telecommunications infrastructure
covers 63 out of 63 provinces and cities in Vietnam. The company is also continuously
growing its activities in the international market. Throughout its existence, FPT has
consistently worked toward achieving the greatest standard of customer satisfaction by
providing the best possible goods, services, and technological solutions. With more
than 30,600 workers working for the company as a whole. Concurrently, FPT is
consistently investigating and innovating novel technological trends, assimilating with
the worldwide general technological trend, and strengthening its standing in the global
arena.

II. Define the concept globalization in terms of different dimensions:

The upshot of contemporary economic progress coupled with cutting-edge
developments is globalization. Internationalization is therefore defined as the process
of the world's regions, nations, and peoples rapidly expanding their relationships,
becoming more interdependent, and cooperating. A favorable environment has been
produced by globalization for the growth of several economic sectors. Globalization is
neither a sequential process with well defined origins and ends, nor is it a separate
notion that can be defined and placed into exact timeframes.Any person or
circumstance can benefit from an appropriate definition and use of this. The concept of
"the establishment of an international market without sociopolitical control" and
"process thinking" are at the center of Nikitin and Eliot's analysis of globalization,
which also calls for knowledge diffusion, cultural consistency, cross-border policy
transfers, European development, and the reconfiguration of power and relations.

Unrestrained global economic growth is the source of globalization, and any nation
that doesn't adapt and learn will find it difficult to stay competitive. The drive for
widespread development and international integration of every state and nation is what
drives the process of globalization. As the world economy grows increasingly
interconnected, new trade and market connections are created.
2.1. Economic dimension:
Kelly (2018) asserts that there is no stopping the march of economic globalization. The
process through which the world economy becomes more integrated as a result of
increased cross-border trade in goods and services, international money transfers, and
quick technical advancements is known as economic globalization. It discusses the
ongoing expansion and fusion of market boundaries, which at the turn of the
millennium was an unavoidable trend in the process of the world economy's
development. Economic globalization is driven by two primary factors: the ever-
growing importance of technology in all forms of production and marketing. Put
differently, the scientific and economic environment has resulted in quick technical
advancements, which in turn have contributed to the current rapid expansion of global
economies.
The only reason the global economic system has grown so quickly is because of the
increased cross-border division of labor, which has reached the industrial chain level
in national businesses.

Example:

• Macroeconomic concerns are undoubtedly among the most important external factors
for FPT, as they have a significant impact on the company's operations. Furthermore,
due to the nature of the things it produces and sells, economic indicators such as GDP
growth rate, disposable income level, and employment rate have a significant impact
on the company. Furthermore, according to Jonson and Scholes (2006), changes in
interest rates and currency rates, according to a firm's foreign operations, are another
important economic factor that determines a firm's earnings from foreign.

• Multinational organizations like the East India Company, founded in 1600 and used
to trade tea and spices from Asia to Europe, have existed for centuries. But thanks to
tax agreements that help businesses avoid double taxation, free trade agreements like
NAFTA, free flow of goods and services, faster services, so international business of
enterprises becomes simpler.

2.2. Cultural dimension:

Cultural globalization, according to Kelly (2018), is the uniformity of the discourse
surrounding substantive culture as a way of life impacted by the spread of goods and
ideas. Driven mostly by the utility or attractiveness of technologies, globalization has
shown to be a stride towards universality that will eventually make human civilization
nearly the same all over the world. media, online buying, cultural differences, and
international travel. This appears to be an exaggerated tendency, though. Though
certain parallels appear, nothing approaching a worldwide culture is revealed. Travel
abroad, mainstream mass stores, and dispersed Internet cultures all flourished at this
time.
This adds to the lengthy and significant cultural history of colonialism and the
commodity trade. People can participate in a variety of cross-cultural and cross-border
social interactions as a result of cross-cultural interaction. Forming and maintaining
social bonds is facilitated by more than just material variables. Cultural globalization
includes the emergence of common beliefs and values as well as the formation of
personal and collective cultural identities. Consequently, an increasing number of
cultures and races are merged.

Example:

• Our people are the center of FPT culture. However, the roots of our success are the
ideals that each team member adheres to, as well as the culture that we have created
and are constantly striving to improve.

• Food and selection of dishes. Chances are that our grandparents can recall a time
when they didn't eat much international food. But today's international communities
are used to using ingredients and spices from all over the world. In most major cities
around the globe, many restaurants serve Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and American
cuisine. But remember that culture is not just about food. The values and beliefs that
different cultural groups adhere to are deeper components of cultures
2.3. Political dimension:
Modelski, G. & Devezas (2007) claim that political globalization causes an expansion
in the scope and complexity of systems akin to regional and global systems. Social
transformation has an impact on national governments, international organizations,
and their governments, as well as non-governmental organizations, regional agencies,
and non-governmental members of global civil society. Two of the most significant
effects of international globalization are the demise of nation-states and the rise of
alternative political groups. One of the most blatant examples of globalization in the
globe is the creation and development of the United Nations. The phenomena of
political globalization is intricate, multifaceted, and dynamic.
The advent of internationalization has made it possible to define a timeline for global
politics and to develop a particular evolutionary biology policy strategy. The
phenomena of political globalization is intricate, multifaceted, and dynamic.
Globalization has evolved to pave the way for the creation of a global political
calendar and a specific policy framework. Political globalization is responsible for the
establishment of multinational organizations like the United Nations and the
Association for Regional Cooperation in South Asia (ASEAN) (UN). These
institutions were set up to assist in resolving internal conflicts as well as diplomatic
disputes.
Example:
• Due to the company's worldwide operations, political aspects of FPT may vary from
country to country. Furthermore, since governments can enact new rules, tariffs or
taxes at any time, these aspects can change dramatically at any time. This indicates
that the corporation has no control or small influence over these factors, which are
common at the national level. On the other hand, almost all political concerns affecting
FPT have a similar effect on its competitors. Therefore, FPT must incorporate current
political factors into its business strategy and regularly examine the ramifications of
these political aspects to stay ahead of its competitors.

• During the 1990s, NAFTA served as the focal point of anti-globalization sentiment
because it was believed that the agreement lowered labor standards and caused a wave
of manual workers away from the United States. Annual war games are conducted by
many allies in an effort to strengthen military alliances and protect their interests.
China launched the Belt and Road Initiative as a commercial initiative with the goal of
expanding its influence across Asia and the Middle East. After World War II, another
international political agreement was formed: the North American Treaty
Organization. On the European continent, 27 countries make up the European Union, a
treaty and trade organization. It is the successor of several other political treaties made
after World War II to support the integration of mainland Europe.

III. Discuss key drivers of cost, market, environment, and competition

affecting organizations to go globalization:
Globalization is driven by several factors. On the other hand, the Yip Model is the
most successful way of factor analysis. Yip identifies four important things to consider
when assessing the globalization of an industry:
(1) Market factors
(2) Cost factor
(3) Competitor factor
(4) Government factor
This is important for the worldwide marketability of the solution as well as its long-
term profitability
3.1. Market Drivers:
One of the main drivers propelling globalization and helping multinational firms is
market standardization. Due to globalization, markets are more likely to share
common customer tastes and demands, such as a broad need for loans that are
reasonable. The second facet of globalization-related standardization is the existence
of foreign clients. One benefit of globalization is the ability to sell standardized items
on transferable marketplaces, which increases one's customer base and, consequently,
income. Companies that develop globally through globalization can identify some
potential markets where there is currently less competition. This enables companies to
increase the market for their goods and hence boost sales.
As local industries get more saturated, organizations' possibilities for expansion
become more limited, and in order to solve this issue, the majority of corporations
want to expand globally. Internationalization is supported by the utilization of global
brand channels and, to some extent, marketing delivery. According to FPT, one
significant factor influencing success in international company is the present rate of
technical advancement. Consequently, in order to stay competitive and adapt to new
technology advancements, FPT will need to update its cost plan. Otherwise, it may
lose out to other companies. Furthermore, the corporation is probably influenced by
macroeconomic factors that vary across nations because they are vulnerable to the
expenses and currencies of every nation they visit. For a business to maintain steady
profitability, it needs a well-planned strategy.
Most Vietnamese businesses struggle to establish themselves as the top brands in
telecoms technology. Consequently, every producer concentrates their efforts on
developing and branding a select few product lines. important products which have
qualities and abilities to give adequate goods for clients. To confirm and keep the
company's top spot in the sector, FPT consistently devises a plan to broaden its
product line and release the newest digital technology goods and services. FPT is
regarded as the top option for Vietnamese families due to its various accomplishments.
International Marketing: YouTube, TV, Facebook, Google, etc. Vietnam has
marketing mediums including television, social media sites like Facebook and
YouTube, and search engines like Google and Coccoc, just like the majority of other
countries. According to a survey done in 2021, social networks are the most widely
used online advertising channel for Vietnamese businesses, with 55% of respondents
using them for online advertising. The second most favored media for online
advertising, according to 48% of the respondents, is traditional advertising formats like
TV or print. It is possible to draw the conclusion that Vietnam ought to join the global
economy and broaden its market abroad.
3.2. Cost drivers:
Globalization has given multinational corporations a plethora of options in many
different domains. Price is the most crucial consideration for global businesses. They
have discovered a new way to lower expenses and raise revenues by increasing their
investment into other nations. Manufacturing businesses, for instance, prefer
Bangladesh, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China for their plants. The reasons mentioned
include, but are not limited to, inexpensive but skilled labor, an abundance of
resources, an ideal position for transportation, and little operational expenses. Two
outcomes of globalization are the opening of borders and possibilities for nations and
transnational corporations. Globalization has created new opportunities that have led
to increased and sophisticated competition. The majority of rivals merely compete
financially. They make every effort to lower expenses, boost revenue, and draw in
clients.
Positive logistics: In Vietnam, the logistics industry grew by about 12–14% in 2018
compared to 2017. As of right now, there are 3,000 companies in the transport and
logistics sector—that is, all companies that run along the train, road, sea, inland canal,
air, etc.Vietnam's transport and logistics industry has great growth potential in the near
future. The expansion of the transportation and logistics industry will enable Vietnam
to challenge China as the region's new production powerhouse.Vietnam is now placed
fourth in the ASEAN area and 64th out of 160 countries in terms of logistics
development, behind Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. With an annual growth rate
of between 14 and 16%, this is one of the service industries in Vietnam that has grown
the fastest and most steadily in recent years.
Businesses around the world can accept that sourcing costs and efficiency differ from
nation to nation. Two additional expenses of globalization for businesses are the
ability to achieve global efficiency and the high expenditures associated with research
and development. One important factor influencing the success of multinational
businesses is the current rate of technical innovation. Consequently, in order to stay
competitive and adapt to new technology advancements, FPT will need to update its
cost plan. Otherwise, it may lose out to other companies. Furthermore, the corporation
will be influenced by global macroeconomic factors as they are susceptible to the
expenses and currency of any nation they enter. For a business to maintain steady
profitability, it needs a well-planned strategy.

3.3. Competition drivers:

The increase in trade brought about by globalization is causing the country to grow
quickly and steadily. This progress has led to a tremendous deal of competition. The
competitive aspect greatly encourages dealers to advertise their items more
extensively. But if the neighborhood doesn't advance, growing the company or the area
will have unexpected repercussions.
Due to the increased global market competitiveness, businesses are being forced to
"play" abroad. This dynamism is a result of strong international connectivity, two-way
trade, and significant foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. They may be facing
more competition from other continents since they are respected by the neighboring
nations. It is the competitor's globalization as well as their driving force. As the
company expands, everyone else has to adapt or risk falling behind. Due to the
abundance of competitors, the strongest of which are VNPT and Viettel, FPT may
have numerous challenges in this area.

3.4. Government drivers:

Tariffs have decreased and foreign direct investment is now possible nearly
everywhere on the planet as a result of free trade agreements and market deregulation.
A few recent examples include the World Trade Organization (WTO) established in
1995 and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in 1947, as
well as the opening and commercialization of Eastern Europe.
Legislation and governmental policies also aid in the internationalization of the
consumer electronics sector. Different policies have been put in place by a number of
governments to aid in the development and expansion of the consumer electronics
industries in each nation. To assure economic growth and development based on
economic growth, culture, society, national resources, and deep international economic
integration, provide a synchronized, stable, and equitable policy framework. broad.
Long-term, sustainable socioeconomic development is also anticipated in the
upcoming years. Meet product demand from customers and supply enough for them to
mingle and create a civilized society. To ensure quality and consistency, FPT needs to
supply customers with new and innovative technology while abiding by industry
standards.
FPT's vision and strategy are very astute, and they plan for major dangers that are
expected to occur so that they can be dealt with quickly (resolving risks). Vietnam has
a large export market network based on bilateral and global free trade agreements, as
well as a developing trade and investment environment. Thanks to its experience
gaining access to markets across multiple nations, FPT is a company that is expanding.
But the constant threat facing FPT is intense rivalry from rivals in the home market,
such Viettel and VNPT. The scope of FPT's international operations is competitive
with that of other businesses.
Trade policy: Large brands in the domain of digital and electronic services are finding
Vietnam to be a desirable market as a result of the removal of trade barriers and the
rising demand of the Vietnamese people. Thanks to Decree No. 9/2018/ND-CP
commercial law and foreign trade management law on purchasing and selling
activities goods specifically related to goods purchase and sale activities of foreign
investors and foreign-invested economic organizations in Vietnam, the government
has made it easier for businesses producing and trading in digital and electronic
services. The purpose of this law is to facilitate the operation of foreign companies or
brands in Vietnam. Furthermore, Decree No. 101/2021/ND-CP, which amends Decree
No. 122/2016/ND-CP and Decree No. 57/2020/ND-CP on the Export Tariff and
Import Tariff, has been accepted by the government.
Out-of-quota import charges, compound taxes, item categories, and absolute tax rates
are a few instances of advantageous import tariffs. The government has made the right
decision since it would help maintain macroeconomic stability, rein in inflation, and
provide prompt assistance and relief to manufacturing companies facing difficulties.
because of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on business in the nation.

IV. The complexity of the strategic challenges that organizations face when
operating in a global environment:
Global supply chains, global trade law, and the global economy are just a few of the
problems that multinational corporations worldwide must deal with. MNCs must
therefore deal with issues that arise and find suitable solutions. MNCs can also be a
good substitute for passing legislation. To gain a deeper understanding of the legal
concerns in numerous markets, FPT will be the subject of additional inquiry in this
matter.
4.1. International trade law:
Regarding Commercial Law, there are numerous variations. Only three crucial topics,
nevertheless, will be covered in this study: international trade, international treaties,
and trade barriers. First of all, trade barriers are laws imposed by governments that
limit trade with other countries. Trade barriers have the potential to prohibit trade
altogether or to make it more costly and difficult to conduct business.
Tariff barriers are an example of a business hurdle, per Cambridge (2020). These are
the import taxes. Imports lose competitiveness as manufacturing products costs rise.
Contrarily, laws and policies that obstruct trade are known as non-tariff barriers. For
instance, it could be challenging to export if multinational corporations adhere to
intricate production requirements. Secondly, a trade agreement is a pact between two
or more entities that establishes the legal foundation for a market that is competitive,
like the removal of import taxes. An agreement between two or more governments that
sets trade norms for all member states, on the other hand, is known as a regional
economy.
China and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The European Union
(EU), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Partnership (APEP) (APEC), and the
Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) with the Democratic Republic of
the Congo are examples of free trade agreements in the Americas. One example of a
worldwide trade pact is the North American Free Trade pact (NAFTA). We will
adhere to both FPT's and its competitors' regulatory requirements. FPT needs to treat
this seriously. The Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) regulations are the first issue
to address. Adhere to the same regulations and safeguard free markets as the FTC. FPT
can lessen the likelihood that older copyrights in the industrial sector will be violated.

4.2. Global economy:

The interrelated economic activity of numerous nations worldwide is referred to as the

global economy. The participating countries may have favorable or unfavorable
outcomes from these economic growth. The whole economy is transactional, to put it
simply. The two biggest economies in the world's financial trade contribute to the
economy's continued growth. These transactions are primarily performed between
nations.
Kosy (2012) asserts that the presence of larger and more sophisticated competitors,
particularly in the local market, is making international trade and investment more
challenging for businesses. guideline. A number of issues arise from national
legislation designed to fulfill WTO and regional obligations, such as technological
challenges and the drawbacks of preferential treatment and benefit. Many firms have
experienced significant stress as a result of the previous absence of government
protection, particularly those that were reliant on government assistance and those that
had legal commitments.
Nonetheless, given the need for flexible adaptation in a market that is changing so
quickly, our businesses frequently find themselves in this predicament. MNCs need to
acquire the proper business mindset for the present climate, gather data, and
continually refine their knowledge in order to overcome these obstacles. They also
need to understand about expansion and integration concerns. Vietnamese businesses
must increase added value in their manufacturing and processing if they want to grow
and stay competitive. More specifically, added value is the value that businesses
currently add to the process of manufacturing and commerce, necessitating
collaboration between the business community and the government. Some restrictions
result in low profit and added value, necessitating significant adjustments to enhance
the business's production phases. In sales and distribution, service development is
essential to providing value.
4.3. Global supply chain:
4.3.1. The terms "global supply chain" and "global supply chain management":

A global supply chain, which sources goods and services, can be formed by a network
comprising several nations. Chain management is the process of guaranteeing the
prompt and secure delivery of commodities as they move from producers and suppliers
to distributors, retailers, and other global distribution points. worldwide supply

4.3.2. Global operations:

The practice of finding and acquiring the components or raw materials required to
make a good or service from other markets is known as global sourcing. Global
sourcing comes in two flavors: single and multi-source. Single sourcing refers to using
just one provider; multi-sourcing refers to using several providers.
Global Production: Global manufacturing is the process of supplying goods or services
to international markets and clientele. Export, domestic assembly, and domestic
production are the three primary categories of global manufacturing. The process of
introducing state-produced items into international markets is known as export. Local
assembly, on the other hand, entails producing materials or components inside a
company before modifying or packing them elsewhere. Local manufacturing is the
process by which a business produces things locally while obtaining raw materials or
components from other nations and manufacturing them there.

Exports of machinery, equipment, and components remain the least changing category
of global output. Businesses continue to operate domestically while exporting, but
there's exchange rate risk associated with spices exports. Volatility in import countries
could decrease customer satisfaction, increase goods costs, and cause significant loss.
Domestic assembly can provide financial benefits as the tax on completed goods is
higher than on domestically manufactured components. Domestic assembly can be
costly due to administrative costs and coordination issues. Local production can lower
labor, equipment, and costs. Low-cost, labor-intensive developing nations can increase
production prices. On-site production saves money, but inadequate site evaluations can
lead to significant harm. Choosing the wrong location for production can also pose
risks.
FPT utilizes a synchronized system of product production lines and transportation to
enhance production productivity and reduce costs. This system saves fuel, protects
efficiency, and benefits the environment. Domestic assembly reduces waste and costs,
while lean management helps reduce waste. Global distribution involves joint
ventures, acquisitions, and development ownership, with joint ventures involving
resource sharing and acquisitions purchasing local businesses for direct reach.
Multinational corporations can also create their own distribution networks.
Joint ventures have become more cost-effective than traditional worldwide distribution
methods due to their equal investment and earnings. They allow corporations to learn
from each other and evaluate each other's capabilities, such as distribution networks,
reputations, and technology. However, contractual limitations like shared decision-
making and profit allocation exist if not based on equal contributions. The acquisition
of a business with a different operating model can be risky, and if the process fails, it
may take time and money to standardize workflow. Developing a distribution system
from scratch requires several stages and requires time and money.
V. Conclusion:
Globalization and the modern corporate environment have significantly changed,
necessitating businesses and FPT to adapt and respond to the stresses associated with
the transition. Research is crucial to ensure FPT's incorporation is appropriate to each
country's circumstances. The digital services industry can adapt regulations, standards,
and strategies to better capture evolving economic realities. Globalization provides
businesses with energy to correspond with current events and political challenges, and
it is predicted to have both positive and negative effects on businesses and the global
financial system, as well as some unexpected fluctuations.
VI. References:

Al-Rodhan, N. (2014) Definitions of globalization: A comprehensive overview and a

proposed definition- the international relations and security network ETH Zurich; June
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Organization definition & meaning (no date) Merriam-Webster. Available at:
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Drivers of Globalization: Integration of theories and models by Markus Bauernfeind -
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Benería, L. (no date) Gender, development, and globalization : Economics as if
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Marketing management: What is it and why does it matter? (no date) Coursera.
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Effects of economic globalization (no date) Home - National Geographic Society.
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/effects-economic-
globalization/9th-grade/ (Accessed: 30 September 2023).
Speech to the 59th Annual Meeting of the National Association for Business
EconomicsTao Zhang, D.M.D. (2017) Global economic challenges and opportunities,
IMF. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2017/09/25/sp092517-
global-economic-challenges-and-opportunities (Accessed: 30 September 2023).
Global Supply Chain Management: Trends, Challenges & Insights (no date) Gartner.
Available at: https://www.gartner.com/en/supply-chain/insights/global-supply-chain-
management (Accessed: 30 September 2023).